Sustainable Aviation
Taxibots Cut Airport Emissions Through Hybrid-Electric Ground Operations
Airbus-led Project HERON advances hybrid-electric Taxibots for sustainable airport taxiing, with trials at Schiphol and CDG targeting 50% fuel reduction.

Taxibots and Project HERON: Pioneering Sustainable Ground Operations in Aviation
As the aviation industry intensifies its efforts to reduce environmental impact, innovations like the Taxibot are gaining prominence. These hybrid-electric, pilot-controlled tugs are designed to tow aircraft between gates and runways without the need to power up the aircraft’s engines. This advancement not only reduces fuel consumption but also cuts down on emissions and noise pollution, addressing some of the most pressing sustainability challenges in airport ground operations.
At the heart of this innovation is Project HERON (Highly Efficient gReen OperatioNs), a European initiative coordinated by Airbus and supported by 24 partners across 10 countries. As HERON nears its conclusion in October 2025, the focus is shifting from development to deployment, with Taxibots undergoing trials at major international airports. The project aligns with broader goals under the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) Joint Undertaking to modernize air traffic management and reduce aviation’s environmental footprint.
How Taxibots Work and Why They Matter
The Taxibot system represents a significant shift in how aircraft are maneuvered on the ground. Rather than using their engines, which consume substantial amounts of fuel and emit pollutants even during short taxiing phases, aircraft are towed by a hybrid-electric tug. This approach minimizes unnecessary fuel burn and associated emissions, offering both environmental and economic benefits.
Technically, the Taxibot attaches to the aircraft’s nose landing gear, lifting the nose wheel onto a pivotable platform. Once connected, the pilot uses the aircraft’s tiller and brakes to steer, while the tug provides the propulsion. The aircraft engines are only activated just before takeoff, significantly reducing the time they are running on the ground. The system requires minor modifications to the aircraft’s avionics, which are already certified and available for Airbus single-aisle aircraft.
Airports like Amsterdam Schiphol, New York JFK, New Delhi, Paris Charles de Gaulle, and Brussels are participating in ongoing trials. Schiphol, in particular, is a key testbed due to its long taxi distances and its goal to become an emissions-free airport by 2030. Schiphol’s internal studies suggest that widespread use of Taxibots could reduce ground fuel consumption by 50%, with potential savings of up to 85% for longer taxi legs.
“Airports are actively pursuing solutions to reduce CO₂ emissions from ground operations, which is in line with the broader initiatives of HERON.”, Benjamin Tessier, HERON Coordinator and Vehicle Systems Architect at Airbus
From Prototype to Deployment
The journey of the Taxibot began with Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), which holds the trademark. In 2009, IAI partnered with TLD, a French manufacturer of airport ground support equipment, to produce the prototype in France. Since then, the technology has undergone significant refinement, culminating in its integration into Airbus’s sustainability and innovation portfolios.
Today, the Taxibot is certified for use with Airbus single-aisle aircraft and is available as a retrofit kit. Airlines like easyJet are preparing for trials, with Schiphol Airport as a key location due to its infrastructure and sustainability goals. The trials are not only technical tests but also operational experiments aimed at understanding how best to integrate the system into daily airport routines.
Efforts are underway to train pilots in using the Taxibot system effectively. Since pilots control the tug during taxiing, familiarity with the system is essential for safety and efficiency. Additionally, airport infrastructure is being adapted to facilitate the connection and disconnection of the tugs, minimizing delays and ensuring smooth operations.
HERON’s Broader Impact and Future Developments
Project HERON is more than just about Taxibots. It encompasses a suite of innovations aimed at optimizing both ground and air operations. These include advanced air traffic control tools that support ADS-C EPP standards for trajectory-based operations, single-engine taxiing procedures, and improved runway management techniques to reduce emissions and noise.
HERON’s consortium includes major stakeholders in the aviation ecosystem such as Aéroports de Paris, Air France, Brussels Airport Company, EUROCONTROL, Leonardo, Lufthansa, and Schiphol Airport. This collaborative approach ensures that innovations like the Taxibot are developed with input from all sectors of the industry, increasing the likelihood of successful adoption.
Looking ahead, Airbus and its partners plan to introduce a fully electric version of the Taxibot by 2026. A widebody version is also under development, which would extend the benefits of the technology to larger aircraft. These advancements support broader industry goals for decarbonization and align with regulatory trends pushing for reduced airport emissions.
Economic and Environmental Considerations
While specific cost data for the Taxibot system is limited, the economic rationale is compelling. Reduced fuel consumption translates into lower operating costs for airlines, especially in the context of volatile fuel prices and increasing carbon taxation. Additionally, quieter ground operations may reduce noise-related restrictions and improve relations with communities near airports.
Environmental benefits are equally significant. By reducing CO₂ and NOₓ emissions during taxiing, the Taxibot contributes to improved air quality around airports. This is particularly important for urban airports where pollution levels are closely monitored and regulated.
Moreover, the technology supports airlines in meeting their own sustainability targets. As environmental reporting and compliance become more stringent, tools like the Taxibot offer measurable ways to reduce emissions and showcase commitment to green aviation.
Conclusion
The Taxibot is a notable example of how targeted innovation can address specific pain points in the aviation ecosystem. By eliminating the need for engine-powered taxiing, it offers a practical solution to reduce emissions, fuel consumption, and noise pollution on the ground. As Project HERON concludes, the groundwork has been laid for broader adoption of this technology.
With trials underway at major airports and plans for future versions already in motion, the Taxibot could become a standard feature of sustainable airport operations. Its development and deployment reflect a growing industry consensus around the need for decarbonization and operational efficiency, positioning the technology as a key player in aviation’s green transition.
FAQ
What is a Taxibot?
A Taxibot is a hybrid-electric, pilot-controlled ground tug that tows aircraft between gates and runways without the aircraft engines running.
How does the Taxibot reduce emissions?
By towing the aircraft without using its engines, the Taxibot significantly lowers CO₂ and NOₓ emissions and reduces noise pollution during taxiing.
Where is the Taxibot currently being tested?
Trials are ongoing at Amsterdam Schiphol, New York JFK, New Delhi, Paris Charles de Gaulle, and Brussels airports.
Is the Taxibot certified for use?
Yes, the necessary modifications for Airbus single-aisle aircraft are certified and available as retrofit kits.
What’s next for the Taxibot?
A fully electric version and a widebody-compatible model are under development, with broader adoption expected post-2025.
Sources: Airbus, SESAR Joint Undertaking, Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, Israel Aerospace Industries, TLD Group
Photo Credit: Airbus
Sustainable Aviation
KBR Selected for Asia’s First Ethanol-to-Jet SAF Plant in Singapore
KBR will provide PureSAF technology licensing and FEED services for a 100,000-ton/year SAF facility on Jurong Island, Singapore.

On June 29, 2026, KBR announced its selection by Keppel Ltd. and Aster Chemicals and Energy to provide technology licensing and Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) services for a proposed 100,000-ton-per-year SAF (SAF) facility on Jurong Island, Singapore.
The planned facility is envisioned as Asia’s first commercial-scale ethanol-to-jet (EtJ) SAF plant. According to the KBR press release, the project will utilize the company’s PureSAF technology to produce a 100% drop-in jet fuel, supporting Singapore’s national mandate to increase sustainability usage across the aviation sector.
PureSAF technology and project scope
The Jurong Island facility will leverage PureSAF, a technology originally developed by Swedish Biofuels AB and engineered for commercial-scale production by KBR, which holds the exclusive global license. The process is designed to convert ethanol into aviation fuel that requires no blending with conventional Jet A or Jet A-1 before use.
In a statement accompanying the announcement, KBR President and CEO Stuart Bradie highlighted the system’s flexibility.
“KBR’s PureSAF is a feedstock-flexible, bankable technology that is designed to deliver a 100% drop in jet fuel, ready to power aircraft without blending. We are constantly innovating our SAF solution to make it compatible with feedstock availability in different regions and to enable the aviation industry to transition to low-carbon jet fuel with a cost-optimized approach.”
The FEED study will determine the technical configuration and project capital expenditure required for the facility. The development remains subject to regulatory approvals and a final investment decision (FID) by the project partners.
Aligning with Singapore’s aviation mandates
The selection of KBR follows a January 28, 2026, agreement between Keppel’s Infrastructure Division and Aster to jointly assess the development of the Jurong Island site. Aster operates as a joint venture between Indonesian petrochemical company Chandra Asri and Swiss commodities trader Glencore.
The proposed 100,000-ton annual production capacity aligns directly with targets set by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS). Starting in 2026, the CAAS mandates a 1% SAF uplift for all departing flights from the country, with a stated goal of increasing that requirement to between 3% and 5% by 2030.
Alongside the SAF plant contract, KBR and Keppel signed a Memorandum of Intent to collaborate on broader energy transition initiatives. The companies plan to explore technologies related to waste-to-energy, plastic recycling, biofuels, and artificial intelligence-driven digitalization.
AirPro News analysis
We view the progression of the Jurong Island project to the FEED stage as a critical indicator of the Asia-Pacific region’s readiness to scale SAF production. While North America and Europe have led early SAF capacity investments, Singapore’s firm regulatory mandate provides the demand certainty required to underwrite commercial-scale facilities in Southeast Asia. The choice of an ethanol-to-jet pathway is particularly notable, as it allows operators to bypass the constrained supply of fats, oils, and greases that limit hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) production volumes. The project’s ultimate realization hinges on the upcoming final investment decision, which will test the commercial viability of the EtJ process in the current economic environment.
Sources: KBR
Photo Credit: KBR
Sustainable Aviation
NGO Coalition Pushes EU to End Aviation ETS Exemption
The SASHA Coalition urges the EU to end its ETS exemption for international flights ahead of the July 2026 legislative review.

A coalition of environmental and industry non-governmental organizations is urging the European Commission to end the European Union Emissions Trading System exemption for international flights, a move proponents estimate could generate €130 billion in carbon market revenues between 2027 and 2035.
In a campaign coordinated by the SASHA Coalition, groups including Opportunity Green, Transport & Environment, and Carbon Market Watch are targeting the upcoming legislative revision of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) scheduled for July 2026. The coalition argues that integrating extra-EEA flights into the carbon pricing mechanism is necessary to fund clean aviation technologies, specifically electro-Sustainable Aviation Fuel (eSAF) and Direct Air Capture (DAC) infrastructure.
The financial and environmental cost of the exemption
The European Union initially included aviation in the ETS on January 1, 2012, but introduced a stop-the-clock mechanism exempting extra-EEA flights following international pressure. According to a policy briefing from the SASHA Coalition, this exemption left an estimated 1.1 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions unregulated between 2012 and 2023. The coalition calculates this resulted in €26 billion in uncollected carbon market revenues during that period.
If the exemption is maintained after its scheduled expiration in 2027, the coalition projects that 1.3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions will go unregulated through 2035. A full-scope ETS could generate an estimated €14 billion in annual revenue for European Union member states by 2030.
Industry perspectives on carbon pricing and CORSIA
The debate centers on the effectiveness of the United Nations Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). The European Commission is required to assess by mid-2026 whether CORSIA delivers sufficient environmental ambition. Environmental groups argue the UN scheme is structurally unfit because it relies on offsetting rather than absolute emissions reduction and targets only emissions above a high baseline. Conversely, Airlines and industry groups have historically opposed extending the EU ETS to international flights, citing concerns over market distortions, potential violations of international law, and competitive disadvantages for European hubs.
Clean technology providers argue that a strong regulatory framework is required to drive investment. During a June 9, 2026 roundtable event at the European Parliament convened by the SASHA Coalition, NEG8 Carbon Head of Business Development Dr. David Mulrooney emphasized the necessity of the ETS for commercial strategy.
“To answer your question directly: the EU ETS is foundational to our commercial strategy. NEG8 supplies atmospheric CO2 capture. The stronger and more consistent the carbon price signal, the stronger the investment case for the infrastructure we sell into. ETS is not a policy backdrop for us. It is the market mechanism our business is built on,” Mulrooney stated.
Mulrooney advocated for directing ETS revenue into DAC and eSAF to drive down costs, similar to historical cost curves for solar power and batteries. Member of the European Parliament Cynthia Ní Mhurchú also spoke at the event, noting that regulatory certainty is critical for future planning.
AirPro News analysis
The July 2026 review of the EU ETS represents a critical juncture for European aviation policy. We observe that the European Commission is caught between two competing pressures: the mandate to meet aggressive decarbonization targets and the risk of triggering international trade disputes if it unilaterally prices emissions on extra-EEA flights. The SASHA Coalition focus on revenue generation for eSAF and DAC is a strategic pivot, framing the ETS not just as a punitive tax but as a necessary funding mechanism for the aviation industry transition. Overcoming airline opposition to overlapping carbon pricing regimes will require the Commission to clearly articulate how the EU ETS and CORSIA can coexist without creating prohibitive administrative and financial burdens for operators.
Sources: SASHA Coalition
Photo Credit: SASHA Coalition
Sustainable Aviation
Delta Air Lines Installs VCT Finlets on 240 Boeing 737NG Jets
Delta Air Lines will fit aerodynamic finlets from Vortex Control Technologies on 240 Boeing 737-800 and 737-900ER aircraft.

Delta Air Lines will install aerodynamic finlets from Vortex Control Technologies across 240 of its Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft to reduce drag and lower fuel consumption.
Announced in a company press release on June 17, 2026, the modification program targets the carrier’s Boeing 737-800 and 737-900ER fleets. The installation follows computational fluid dynamics analysis and flight test validation, aligning with Delta’s broader sustainability objectives to address the 90 percent of its carbon footprint generated by jet fuel.
Aerodynamic modifications and fleet implementation
The Vortex Control Technologies (VCT) finlet package consists of small aerodynamic devices installed on the aft fuselage of the aircraft. These structures are designed to reshape airflow around the tail section, reducing flow separation and improving overall pressure distribution. By mitigating aerodynamic drag, the finlets directly decrease the amount of thrust required during cruise, resulting in lower fuel burn.
Delta Air Lines Chief Sustainability Officer Amelia DeLuca stated that the carrier seeks out innovations that reduce environmental impact and generate long-term operational benefits.
“We appreciate the strong partnership with VCT throughout the evaluation process and are looking forward to this implementation to further support our ongoing fleet efficiency initiatives,” DeLuca said.
VCT Chief Executive Officer Gil Morgan noted that equipping the 240 Delta aircraft represents a significant milestone for the manufacturer.
“We are proud to provide a practical technology that helps airlines improve fuel efficiency, reduce carbon emissions and enhance operating economics,” Morgan said.
Regulatory approval and industry adoption
The VCT finlet system operates under a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Supplemental Type Certificate (STC). The technology has steadily gained traction among Boeing 737 Next Generation (737NG) operators seeking incremental efficiency improvements. On September 26, 2025, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) validated the FAA STC, clearing the devices for installation on European-registered aircraft.
Other operators have also adopted the modification. On July 29, 2025, Avelo Airlines announced a follow-on order for additional VCT finlets. The carrier reported proven fuel savings and emissions reductions after 18 months of in-service performance across its own Boeing 737NG fleet.
AirPro News analysis
We view Delta’s adoption of aft-fuselage finlets as a pragmatic approach to extending the economic viability of its Boeing 737NG fleet. While winglets have long been the industry standard for drag reduction, aft-body modifications represent an incremental but valuable efficiency gain for mature airframes. As airlines manage delayed deliveries of next-generation narrowbody aircraft, retrofitting existing fleets with drag-reducing technology offers an immediate reduction in fuel burn and emissions without requiring significant downtime or capital expenditure.
Sources: Delta News Hub
Photo Credit: Delta Air Lines
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