UAV & Drones
Rutgers Develops Solid-State Flapping Wing Drones Using Piezoelectric Materials
Rutgers researchers design motor-free drones using piezoelectric materials for flapping wing flight, advancing UAV flexibility and control.

This article is based on an official press release from Rutgers University.
Engineers at Rutgers University are pioneering a new approach to drone flight by developing “solid-state” robotic birds that flap their wings without the use of traditional motors or gears. According to a recent press release from the university, the research team is utilizing smart materials driven by electricity to mimic and potentially exceed the natural flight mechanics of birds and insects.
The innovative design, detailed in a study published in Aerospace Science and Technology, replaces conventional electromagnetic motors with piezoelectric materials. These specialized materials change shape when exposed to an electrical voltage, allowing the drone’s wings to flex and twist dynamically.
This mechanism-free approach to ornithopters, drones that fly by flapping their wings, promises to deliver greater flexibility and control than standard propeller-driven drones. The Rutgers team believes these advancements could eventually make bird-like drones ideal for complex tasks such as urban package delivery, search and rescue operations, and environmental monitoring.
The Mechanics of Solid-State Flight
Replacing Motors with Smart Materials
Traditional experimental bird-like drones have largely relied on complex systems of motors, gears, and mechanical linkages to simulate the flapping motion of wings. However, these conventional actuators often struggle to match the continuous, fluid responsiveness of natural wings in changing air currents. The Rutgers researchers, led by Xin Shan and Onur Bilgen, an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, have taken a simpler, more direct path.
Instead of using motors to act as muscles, the team applies thin strips known as Macro Fiber Composites (MFCs) directly onto flexible wings. When an electrical current flows through these strips, the entire wing structure morphs and flaps.
“We apply electricity to the piezoelectric materials, and they move the surface directly, without extra joints, extra linkages or motors,” Bilgen stated in the university’s press release.
Advantages Over Conventional Drones
The solid-state ornithopter design offers distinct advantages over traditional drones equipped with spinning propellers, particularly at smaller scales. Flapping wings are generally less destructive to themselves and their surroundings when they come into contact with obstacles, making them safer for navigating tight spaces around buildings, wires, and people.
Furthermore, the researchers note that the carbon fiber in their design acts similarly to feathers and bone, while the surface-mounted MFCs function like muscles and nerves. This biomimetic approach aims to achieve flapping flight without the need for complex, bone-like structures or muscle-like actuators.
Virtual Testing and Future Applications
Advanced Computer Modeling
To accelerate the development of these mechanism-free ornithopters, the Rutgers team created a comprehensive computer model that integrates the various physical forces involved in flight. This model accounts for wing and body motion, aerodynamics, electrical dynamics, and control architecture all at once.
By testing and optimizing designs virtually, engineers can save significant time and resources before building physical prototypes. This software-first approach allows the team to explore the feasibility of designs that rely on future material advancements.
“We’ve scientifically demonstrated that this type of ornithopter can be possible when we make certain material assumptions,” Bilgen explained in the release. “We can show the feasibility of designs that are not yet physically possible.”
Overcoming Material Limitations
Currently, the primary hurdle facing the widespread physical realization of these solid-state drones is the limitation of existing piezoelectric materials. The materials available today do not yet possess the capability required for optimal performance in these advanced designs. However, the mathematical models developed by the researchers provide a roadmap for future development as material science progresses.
Beyond aviation, the principles explored in this research could have broader implications for renewable energy. The team is investigating whether applying piezoelectric materials to wind turbine blades, which function essentially as rotating wings, could yield aerodynamic benefits by subtly altering the blade shape in real time to improve efficiency.
AirPro News analysis
The transition from rotary-wing drones to biomimetic ornithopters represents a significant leap in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology. While quadcopters dominate the current commercial market, their rigid propellers pose safety risks and efficiency limits in highly cluttered environments. We view the Rutgers research as a critical pivot toward solid-state actuation, which could drastically reduce the mechanical failure points inherent in gear-driven systems.
However, as the researchers acknowledge, the commercial viability of these bird-like drones hinges entirely on breakthroughs in material science. Until piezoelectric materials can deliver the necessary force and efficiency at scale, these solid-state ornithopters will likely remain confined to advanced computer simulations and early-stage laboratory prototypes.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is an ornithopter?
An ornithopter is a type of aircraft or drone that flies by flapping its wings, mimicking the flight mechanics of birds, bats, or insects, rather than using fixed wings or spinning propellers.
How do the Rutgers robotic birds fly without motors?
The drones use piezoelectric materials, specifically Macro Fiber Composites (MFCs), which change shape when an electrical voltage is applied. This allows the wings to flex and flap directly without the need for traditional motors or gears.
What are the potential uses for these bird-like drones?
Due to their flexibility and safer wing design, these drones are well-suited for navigating complex environments. Potential applications include search and rescue, environmental monitoring, inspecting hard-to-reach areas, and urban package delivery.
Sources
Photo Credit: Rutgers University
UAV & Drones
Rheinmetall and Deutsche Telekom Develop Drone Defense Shield for Germany
Rheinmetall and Deutsche Telekom partner to create a drone defense system protecting Germany’s critical infrastructure using advanced detection and interception.

This article is based on an official press release from Deutsche Telekom and Rheinmetall.
As hybrid threats targeting critical infrastructure continue to escalate across Europe, two of Germany’s largest industrial players are joining forces to secure the nation’s airspace. Rheinmetall and Deutsche Telekom have officially announced a strategic Partnerships to develop a comprehensive drone defense shield. The joint venture, unveiled ahead of the AFCEA security technology trade show in Bonn on May 12, 2026, aims to protect German cities and critical infrastructure (KRITIS) from unauthorized Drones activity and acts of sabotage.
According to the official press release, the collaboration will pool the distinct expertise of both companies to create a “multi-threat protection approach.” This system is designed to counter a wide array of potential attacks on KRITIS sites by integrating advanced cybersecurity technologies with physical perimeter security. By anchoring national security on existing civilian telecommunications infrastructure, the initiative represents a significant evolution in how domestic airspace is monitored and defended.
We note that this partnership emerges during a period of heightened geopolitical tension, where the protection of critical infrastructure, encompassing Airports, power plants, ports, and military installations, has become a paramount focus for national security agencies.
The Rising Threat to Critical Infrastructure
The urgency behind the Rheinmetall and Deutsche Telekom partnership is underscored by a severe spike in airspace incursions over the past year. While the press release highlights a steady increase in hybrid threats, supplementary industry research provides a stark quantitative picture of the current security landscape.
Recent Airspace Incursions
According to recent research reports, Germany’s Federal Criminal Police Office logged over 1,000 suspicious drone flights in 2025 alone. These incursions have moved beyond mere nuisance, causing significant economic and logistical disruptions. Research indicates that in early October 2025, Munich Airport was forced to close twice within a 24-hour period following drone sightings, an event that stranded approximately 6,500 passengers. A subsequent classified report identified these platforms as military reconnaissance drones rather than consumer-grade quadcopters. Shortly thereafter, on October 31, 2025, Berlin Brandenburg Airport experienced a shutdown lasting nearly two hours due to similar threats.
These incidents are not isolated to Germany. Recent months have seen a string of suspicious drone sightings near military installations in Belgium and Denmark, raising widespread concerns among European officials regarding coordinated espionage and sabotage efforts.
A Multi-Threat Technological Approach
To combat these sophisticated threats, the joint defense shield merges Deutsche Telekom’s advanced connectivity and data analytics with Rheinmetall’s kinetic interception hardware. The press release notes that drone detection and defense are technically demanding, requiring different sensors depending on the location and terrain.
Civilian Networks as Sensors
Deutsche Telekom brings extensive experience to the partnership, having served as a system partner for government agencies in drone security since 2017. The company successfully detected illegal drone flights on behalf of the police during the 2024 European Football Championship in Germany. Today, their sensor suite includes video, audio, radio frequency (RF), Remote ID, and drone Radar-Systems sensors.
Industry research details that Telekom utilizes passive RF sensors mounted on existing cellphone masts to track signals between drones and their operators without interfering with cellular technology. Furthermore, Telekom is reportedly researching how to use the 5G mobile network itself as a large-scale sensing system. In collaboration with Helmut Schmidt University and using Ericsson technology, they are testing a 5G standalone network capable of detecting data traffic anomalies indicative of drone control. If successfully scaled, this could effectively turn every cell tower in Germany into a drone detection sensor without the need for new hardware.
Kinetic Interception
Once a threat is detected, Rheinmetall provides the physical means to neutralize it. Research reports indicate that Rheinmetall’s Electronic Solutions division supplies the “effector” layer of the shield. This kinetic defense arsenal includes signal jamming capabilities, interceptor drones, Skyranger air defense turrets, and a 10-kilowatt laser system capable of neutralizing drones at a distance of up to one kilometer. Rheinmetall has already proven its capabilities in complex environments, having entered a strategic counter-drone partnership with the Hamburg Police and the Hamburg Port Authority in December 2025.
Corporate Leadership and Strategic Vision
The leadership of both organizations has framed this joint venture as a necessary step toward ensuring national sovereignty and digital defense in an increasingly volatile world.
“The threat posed by drones is highly digital. This is why effective defence requires a combination of sensors, effectors, and secure communication networks.”
Deutsche Telekom echoed this sentiment, emphasizing the role of corporate responsibility in national security.
“Sovereignty is achieved not only through discussion but through action. Telekom is taking responsibility… Together with Rheinmetall, we are strengthening sovereignty and helping to alleviate public concerns.”
AirPro News analysis
At AirPro News, we observe that the Rheinmetall-Telekom partnership highlights a broader European shift toward localized, highly integrated defense systems. This civilian-anchored approach contrasts sharply with traditional military border defenses and appears to be a pragmatic response to bureaucratic hurdles at the international level.
Recent industry research notes that a wider European Union proposal for a unified “drone wall” recently stalled after France and Germany blocked political progress over funding and control disputes. Consequently, nations are diverging in their strategies. While Poland opted for a traditional military approach, signing a $3.8 billion contract in January 2026 for the SAN counter-drone program focused on its eastern border, Germany is taking a parallel route. By leveraging existing civilian telecommunications infrastructure, Germany aims to build an internal defense network that is both scalable and deeply integrated into the urban environment.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is KRITIS?
KRITIS is the official German acronym for critical infrastructure. It encompasses essential facilities and organizations vital to society, including airports, power plants, ports, telecommunications networks, and military installations.
How does Deutsche Telekom detect drones?
According to the press release, Telekom uses a combination of video, audio, radio frequency (RF), Remote ID, and drone radar sensors. Research indicates they are also testing the use of 5G networks to detect anomalies in data traffic that signal drone activity.
What happens when a drone is detected?
Once Telekom’s network detects and tracks a hostile drone, Rheinmetall’s systems provide the “effectors” to neutralize it. This can range from electronic signal jamming to physical interception using interceptor drones, air defense turrets, or high-powered laser systems.
Sources
- Deutsche Telekom Press Release
- Independent Industry Research Reports (May 2026)
Photo Credit: Deutsche Telekom
UAV & Drones
SkyDrive Signs eVTOL Purchase Agreement with Tohoku Air Service
SkyDrive Inc. signs an LOI with Tohoku Air Service to deliver one SD-05 eVTOL by 2028 for regional transport and medical services in Japan.

This article is based on an official press release from SkyDrive Inc.
SkyDrive Secures eVTOL Purchase Agreement with Tohoku Air Service
On May 12, 2026, Japanese electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) manufacturer SkyDrive Inc. announced the signing of a Letter of Intent (LOI) with Tohoku Air Service (TAS). Under the terms of the agreement, TAS will purchase one SkyDrive SD-05 eVTOL aircraft.
According to the official press release, SkyDrive is targeting a 2028 delivery date for the aircraft, aligning with the manufacturer’s broader goals for commercial operations. This milestone is particularly notable as it represents SkyDrive’s first aircraft purchase agreement with a traditional, Japan-based helicopter operator.
The partnership aims to integrate next-generation air mobility into regional transport, tourism, medical services, and disaster relief across the Tohoku and Niigata prefectures. By partnering with an established aviation operator, SkyDrive intends to refine its operational models for diverse, real-world applications.
The Agreement and Operational Goals
Integrating eVTOLs into Regional Transport
Tohoku Air Service, established in March 1991 as a subsidiary of the Tohoku Electric Power Company group, brings over three decades of specialized aviation experience to the partnership. The company inherited more than 38 years of power line inspection expertise from its parent organization and has long specialized in airborne cargo transport to mountainous and hard-to-reach locations.
In the company’s announcement, TAS cited the quiet operation, lower purchase costs, and reduced maintenance requirements of eVTOLs compared to traditional helicopters as primary drivers for the acquisition. TAS plans to utilize the SD-05 for sightseeing flights, regional passenger and cargo transportation, medical service provision, and natural disaster response.
“Signing of this Letter of Intent… lets us advance our concrete investigations into the real-world operation of this next-generation technology,” stated Shigeyuki Ouchi, President of Tohoku Air Service.
Through this strategic collaboration, TAS will leverage its extensive operational background to assist SkyDrive in confirming the aircraft’s functionality, safety, and infrastructure requirements.
Aircraft Specifications and Manufacturing
The SkyDrive SD-05 Profile
Founded in 2018 and based in Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture, SkyDrive has positioned itself as a leading developer in Japan’s Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) sector. Industry specifications indicate that the SD-05 model is designed to carry three people, one pilot and two passengers.
The aircraft features a fully electric propulsion system utilizing 12 electric motors and rotors. It boasts a maximum cruising speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) and a current operational range of 15 to 40 km (9 to 25 miles), which the company plans to extend as battery technology advances. The SD-05 has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,400 kg (3,086 lbs).
According to industry reports, production of the SD-05 officially commenced in March 2024 at a facility owned by Suzuki Motor Corporation, which serves as SkyDrive’s official production partner.
“This agreement with Tohoku Air Service… is a significant step for SkyDrive,” noted Tomohiro Fukuzawa, CEO of SkyDrive, in the official release.
Broader Industry Context and Certification
Path to 2028 Commercial Launch
The agreement with TAS follows a series of significant milestones for SkyDrive. The company successfully conducted public demonstration flights of the SD-05 over a six-week period at Expo 2025 in Osaka, followed by additional successful flights in Tokyo in February 2026.
In March 2026, SkyDrive reached a critical agreement with the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau (JCAB) regarding the general certification plan for the SD-05. This agreement outlines the necessary steps to demonstrate airworthiness and safety, significantly de-risking the path toward the planned 2028 commercial launch. Furthermore, on May 8, 2026, SkyDrive announced the launch of Japan’s first vertiport operators’ consortium in partnership with the Osaka government, Osaka Metro, and Marubeni Corporation to build out physical infrastructure in the Kansai area.
AirPro News analysis
We view this agreement as a significant “passing of the torch” within the aviation sector. The fact that a legacy helicopter operator, which has relied on traditional rotorcraft for heavy-duty infrastructure inspections for over 30 years, is now investing in eVTOLs serves as a strong indicator of market validation. It signals that eVTOL technology is transitioning from experimental concepts to practical, cost-saving tools for established aviation companies.
Additionally, while much of the industry focus remains on urban “flying taxis” in densely populated cities, this agreement highlights the vital rural and regional utility of eVTOLs. By planning to use the aircraft for disaster relief, medical transport, and regional connectivity in the mountainous Tohoku region, TAS and SkyDrive are proving the versatile humanitarian and logistical applications of Advanced Air Mobility.
Frequently Asked Questions
When will the SkyDrive SD-05 be delivered to Tohoku Air Service?
According to the Letter of Intent, SkyDrive is targeting a delivery date in 2028, which aligns with the company’s broader commercial launch timeline.
What are the primary use cases for the eVTOL in the Tohoku region?
Tohoku Air Service plans to use the SD-05 for sightseeing flights, regional passenger and cargo transportation, medical services, and natural disaster response across the Tohoku and Niigata prefectures.
Sources: SkyDrive Inc. Press Release
Photo Credit: SkyDrive Inc.
UAV & Drones
AIRO Unveils Hybrid-Electric VTOL Aircraft at XPONENTIAL 2026
AIRO Group and Jaunt Air Mobility revealed a full-scale hybrid-electric VTOL aircraft designed for defense and commercial cargo missions at XPONENTIAL 2026.

This article is based on an official press release from AIRO Group Holdings, Inc.
At the AUVSI XPONENTIAL 2026 conference in Detroit, AIRO Group Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq: AIRO) and its electric air mobility brand, Jaunt Air Mobility, publicly unveiled a full-scale autonomous vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. According to the official press release, the heavy-lift, hybrid-electric platform is engineered for dual-use applications, specifically targeting defense, government missions, and commercial cargo logistics.
The unveiling represents a major milestone for the McLean, Virginia-based aerospace and defense company, which went public in June 2025. By showcasing the physical aircraft configuration, AIRO provided industry stakeholders with a tangible view of the platform’s size, modular capabilities, and operational concept.
Company officials confirmed that the program is currently advancing through the detailed design and engineering phase. Development activities are reportedly tracking ahead of expectations and running below projected research and development cost targets. Based on this progress, AIRO expects the aircraft to achieve its first flight by the end of 2026, with commercialization and operational deployment slated for 2027.
Technological Innovations: Slowed Rotor Compound (SRC)
The newly unveiled aircraft is built around Jaunt Air Mobility’s patented Slowed Rotor Compound (SRC) technology. According to supplementary industry research reports, this technology, originally developed by Carter Aviation and acquired by Jaunt in 2019, aims to eliminate the traditional compromise between vertical agility and forward-flight efficiency.
The flight mechanics rely on a single main rotor for vertical takeoff. Once the aircraft is aloft, the rotor slows down until its tip speed matches the aircraft’s forward pace, transferring lift to a high-aspect-ratio wing. Research data indicates that this transition eliminates the drag and vibration inherent in traditional helicopters, producing a lift-to-drag ratio up to five times better than a standard rotorcraft. Furthermore, the slowed-rotor design significantly reduces noise pollution, operating at an estimated 50 decibels (dB) during cruise and 60 dB during takeoff and landing.
AirPro News analysis
We observe that the aerospace industry is currently experiencing a significant surge in demand for “dual-use” technologies, platforms capable of serving both commercial logistics and military defense needs seamlessly. By opting for a hybrid-electric architecture rather than a purely battery-electric system, AIRO strategically positions this platform to meet the rigorous extended range and endurance requirements of defense contractors and government agencies. Purely electric VTOLs currently struggle to surpass the 100-to-150-mile range barrier due to battery density limitations. AIRO’s hybrid approach bridges this gap, enabling operations in contested or infrastructure-poor environments where charging stations are non-existent.
Mission Configurations: Cargo and ISR
The aircraft is designed around a common architecture optimized for austere and infrastructure-limited environments. To maximize operational flexibility, the platform utilizes a modular design supporting two primary mission configurations, as detailed in the company’s press release and supporting research.
JC250 (Cargo-Aircraft Configuration)
The JC250 variant is optimized for middle-mile logistics, remote resupply, and humanitarian operations. It features a detachable cargo pod system designed for rapid loading and unloading. According to industry specifications, this configuration offers a cruising speed of 110 mph (180 km/h), a payload capacity ranging from 250 to 325 lbs (115-150 kg), and an operational range exceeding 200 miles (320 km).
JX250 (ISR Configuration)
The JX250 variant is tailored for tactical Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions for defense and government customers. While it shares the 110 mph cruising speed of the cargo variant, it trades payload capacity for extreme endurance. Carrying a 50 lb (23 kg) payload, the JX250 is projected to achieve over 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of range and 14 to 16 hours of endurance, significantly expanding its operational reach in environments where traditional aviation cannot operate.
Program Timeline and Leadership Perspectives
During the unveiling at XPONENTIAL 2026, AIRO leadership emphasized the strategic importance and operational readiness of the new platform. The integration of digital engineering and early system validation has been credited for the program’s accelerated development pace.
“This unveiling marks an important step as we move from concept to a tangible platform. The aircraft is designed to deliver reliable, scalable capability in environments where traditional aviation solutions are limited or unavailable.”
, Joe Burns, AIRO CEO, via the official press release.
The engineering team remains confident in the near-term milestones. Martin Peryea, AIRO SVP & GM of Electric Air Mobility, noted in the release that the company remains “on track for first flight by the end of this year.”
“This unveiling highlights the aircraft’s core capabilities, from its slowed rotor architecture to its combination of vertical lift and efficient forward flight and the flexibility enabled through modular payload configurations. These are the elements that we expect to drive real value across both government and commercial applications.”
, Dr. Simon Briceno, AIRO VP Business Strategy, via the official press release.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the expected timeline for the AIRO VTOL aircraft?
According to AIRO Group Holdings, the aircraft is on track to achieve its first flight by the end of 2026. Commercialization and operational deployment are expected to begin in 2027.
What makes the Slowed Rotor Compound (SRC) technology unique?
SRC technology allows the aircraft to take off vertically using a main rotor, which then slows down during forward flight as lift is transferred to a fixed wing. This reduces drag, vibration, and noise, offering a lift-to-drag ratio up to five times better than traditional helicopters.
What are the primary use cases for the aircraft?
The platform is designed for dual-use applications. The JC250 configuration is built for commercial cargo logistics and remote resupply, while the JX250 configuration is engineered for long-endurance defense and government ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) missions.
Photo Credit: AIRO Group Holdings
-
MRO & Manufacturing7 days agoBoeing Proposes Fix for Grounded MD-11 Fleet with FedEx Return Plan
-
Regulations & Safety7 days agoDelta Worker Dies in Aircraft Tug Accident at Orlando Airport
-
Training & Certification5 days agoCAE Explores Strategic Alternatives for Flightscape Aviation Software
-
Regulations & Safety6 days agoUnited Airlines Passenger Assaults Crew and Attempts Cockpit Breach
-
Route Development3 days agoUS Advances $22B Overhaul of Washington Dulles Airport by 2034
