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Scalable Carbon Nanotube Fibers Achieve High Conductivity in Spain

Spanish researchers create ultralight carbon nanotube fibers with 41% copper conductivity, promising aerospace and EV wiring applications.

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This article is based on an official press release from the IMDEA Materials Institute and a peer-reviewed study published in Science. This article summarizes publicly available elements and public remarks.

Breakthrough in Ultralight Carbon Nanotube Fibers Promises to Reshape Aerospace and EV Wiring

Researchers in Spain have achieved a major materials science breakthrough by developing a scalable manufacturing process for carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers that rival the electrical conductivity of traditional metals at a fraction of the weight. Published in the journal Science on April 23, 2026, the study outlines a novel chemical doping method that increases the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes by a factor of 17.

Led by the IMDEA Materials Institute in Madrid, the research was conducted in collaboration with the Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), the University of Zaragoza, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. According to the official press release, the resulting material achieves a conductivity of up to 24.5 megasiemens per meter (MS/m) at room temperature. While this represents approximately 41 percent of the absolute conductivity of copper, the new CNT fibers are roughly six times lighter.

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For industries constrained by the weight of traditional electrical wiring, such as aerospace, drone manufacturing, and electric vehicle (EV) production, this development paves the way for ultra-lightweight, high-strength alternatives to copper and aluminum.

The Science Behind the Breakthrough

Intercalation Doping Explained

Carbon nanotubes, which are essentially rolled-up sheets of graphene, possess excellent theoretical electron mobility. However, according to the research team, their practical conductivity has historically been limited by a low number of free charge carriers. To overcome this hurdle, the scientists utilized a process known as intercalation doping.

The researchers exposed commercially available, highly aligned double-walled carbon nanotube fibers to a gas containing tetrachloroaluminate (AlCl₄⁻) and excess chlorine for a period of 24 hours. The AlCl₄⁻ ions diffused into the interstitial channels between the nanotube walls, rather than entering their hollow cores. Because of the concentric arrangement of the nanotubes, these gaps are large enough to accommodate the dopant without distorting the underlying carbon structure.

“AlCl₄⁻ provides a large doping effect without increasing weight excessively, compared to other dopants we have studied,” explained lead author Ana Inés de Isidro Gómez.

This dopant acts as a noncovalent electron acceptor, drastically increasing the number of free charge carriers and boosting the material’s conductivity 17-fold without compromising its mechanical integrity.

Industry Impact and Applications

Aerospace and Electric Vehicles

Reducing the weight of electrical wiring remains a critical bottleneck in modern engineering. Heavy copper wiring limits the range of electric vehicles and reduces the payload capacity of aircraft. By replacing heavy copper harnesses with ultralight CNT fibers, manufacturers could significantly extend battery ranges and improve overall vehicle efficiency. In the aerospace and drone sectors, every gram saved in wiring translates directly to longer flight times and reduced energy consumption.

“This is the first time that researchers have produced results with CNT fibres demonstrating sufficient performance… to offer a realistic industrial alternative,” stated Dr. Juan José Vilatela, Principal Investigator at IMDEA Materials.

Power Distribution

Beyond transportation, the high strength-to-weight ratio of the new fibers makes them highly attractive for power grid infrastructure. According to the published data, the doped CNT fibers are up to five times stronger than conventional overhead power cables, which are currently limited by the sheer weight of the metal lines they must support.

Current Limitations and Future Challenges

Moisture and Heat Sensitivities

While the breakthrough is significant, the research team acknowledges current limitations that must be addressed before widespread commercialization. The doped fibers exhibit instability when exposed to humid air. However, the researchers demonstrated that when protected by a standard commercial polymer cable sheath, the fibers successfully retained 80 percent of their conductivity over a five-day testing period. Improving long-term environmental stability remains the team’s next major objective.

Additionally, independent experts have pointed out potential thermal challenges. James Elliott, a researcher at the University of Cambridge, noted that dopants in such systems can sometimes degrade or dissipate if the cable heats up significantly during high-power transmission.

“It’s a brilliant result – it’s very exciting from lots of application points of view,” remarked independent expert James Elliott.

AirPro News analysis

We observe that the true commercial value of this breakthrough lies in the metric of “specific conductivity”, the ratio of a material’s conductivity to its density. While copper remains more conductive in absolute terms (~60 MS/m compared to the CNT fiber’s 24.5 MS/m), copper is exceptionally heavy. The new CNT fibers reach a specific conductivity of 17,345 Siemens-meter squared per kilogram, exceeding both copper and aluminum. For the aviation and EV sectors, where weight is the primary enemy of efficiency, a material that conducts electricity better than copper on a per-pound basis is effectively a “holy grail.” If the IMDEA team can solve the moisture and thermal degradation issues, this technology could fundamentally alter how electrical harnesses are engineered over the next decade.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is specific conductivity?

Specific conductivity measures how well a material conducts electricity relative to its weight (conductivity divided by density). A material with high specific conductivity is ideal for applications where keeping weight low is just as important as transmitting power efficiently.

Why replace copper wiring?

Copper is an excellent conductor but is very heavy. In electric vehicles and aircraft, the weight of copper wiring harnesses drains batteries faster and burns more fuel. Lighter alternatives allow for longer ranges and higher payload capacities.

Are these carbon nanotube fibers ready for commercial use?

Not yet. While the manufacturing process is scalable, the fibers currently lose some conductivity when exposed to moisture or high heat. Researchers are working on protective sheathing and stabilization techniques to make them viable for long-term industrial use.

Sources: Science (DOI: 10.1126/science.aeb0673), IMDEA Materials Institute Press Release

Photo Credit: IMDEA Materials Institute

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Reliable Robotics Raises $115M, Valuation Tops $1 Billion

Reliable Robotics extends its Series D to $275M and crosses a $1B valuation as FAA certification work advances.

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Reliable Robotics Raises $115M, Valuation Tops $1 Billion

Reliable Robotics has secured $115 million in new capital, pushing the autonomous aviation startup’s valuation past the $1 billion mark and accelerating its push toward Federal Aviation Administration certification.

The Mountain View, California-based company announced the funding extension on October 20, 2026, in a press release. The capital injection upsizes its Series D round to $275 million and will fund the expansion of its aircraft fleet and production capacity for its Reliable Autonomy System.

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Funding structure and strategic expansion

The new funding consists of $90 million in equity and a $25 million term loan provided by Silicon Valley Bank. This extension follows the initial $160 million Series D round announced on April 21, 2026. The latest injection brings the company’s total equity capital raised to date to more than $380 million.

A broad coalition of investors participated in the round, including Nimble Partners, Gideon Capital, RockCreek, Geek Ventures, Gold Hill Capital, Sparkwave Capital, Island Green Partners, and Allen & Company.

The company will use the funds to scale its operations and expand its physical footprint. Reliable Robotics is opening a new engineering hub in Bothell, Washington, which will serve as a center of excellence for its radar program by tapping into the established aerospace talent pool in the Seattle area. The company is also expanding with a new office in San Diego, California, supporting a workforce that now exceeds 250 employees.

Crossing $1 billion in valuation is a significant milestone in Reliable’s mission to deliver certified autonomous flight systems that make aviation safer and more accessible.

Certification timeline and technology

Reliable Robotics is actively submitting evidence to the FAA for the certification of its continuous autopilot engagement system. The technology is designed to manage engine startup, taxiing, takeoff, and landing while a pilot remains onboard the aircraft. The company expects to achieve FAA certification for this system within 18 to 24 months.

Robert Rose, co-founder and chief executive officer of Reliable Robotics, noted that the company continues to make steady progress and deliver evidence to the FAA, moving closer to certification with each submission.

The company is also developing its solid-state collision-avoidance technology, known as Reliable Radar. Certification for the radar system is expected by the end of 2027. These systems are engineered to prevent the leading causes of aviation accidents, specifically loss of control (LOC) and controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

A secondary certification phase, which would remove the pilot from the cockpit entirely to enable fully remote operations, is projected to take at least three years.

Retrofitting the existing cargo fleet

Founded in 2017 by former SpaceX and Tesla engineers Robert Rose and Juerg Frefel, Reliable Robotics has adopted a distinct strategy within the autonomous flight sector. Rather than designing and manufacturing clean-sheet aircraft, the company focuses on certifying autonomous systems for integration into existing, proven airframes.

The initial target for commercial certification is the Cessna 208B Grand Caravan, a widely used turboprop in the regional Cargo aircraft market. By retrofitting certified aircraft, Reliable Robotics aims to integrate its technology into the existing National Airspace System without requiring new infrastructure or entirely new regulatory frameworks.

This approach has generated significant market interest. The company has secured over 200 commitments from commercial and military customers. In the defense and government sectors, Reliable Robotics holds a $17.4 million contract with the United States Air Forces and participates in National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase III agreements.

AirPro News analysis

We view the equity-plus-debt structure of this Series D extension as a calculated move by Reliable Robotics to secure necessary runway while minimizing ownership dilution. The autonomous aviation sector is highly capital-intensive, and reaching the certification finish line often requires more funding than initial projections suggest. By securing a $25 million term loan alongside the $90 million in equity, the founders are protecting their cap table while ensuring they have the resources to complete the rigorous FAA certification process.

Furthermore, the company’s strategy of retrofitting the Cessna 208B Grand Caravan provides a clearer path to revenue than competitors attempting to certify entirely new aircraft designs. By focusing on the autonomy system rather than the airframe, Reliable Robotics bypasses the aerodynamic and structural certification hurdles that clean-sheet manufacturers face. The military contracts and NASA agreements also provide non-dilutive capital and operational validation, which likely contributed to the company’s ability to achieve a valuation over $1 billion in a challenging venture capital environment.

Photo Credit: Reliable Robotics

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Norway Selected for Electra EL2 eSTOL Demo Flights in 2027

Bristow, Electra, Avinor, and CAA Norway select five sites for hybrid-electric eSTOL demonstration flights in Q3 2027.

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Norway Selected for Electra EL2 eSTOL Demo Flights in 2027

Bristow Group Inc., Electra, Avinor, and the Civil Aviation Authority of Norway (CAA Norway) have selected five locations across Norway to host demonstration flights of Electra’s hybrid-electric ultra-short takeoff and landing (eSTOL) technology demonstrator in the third quarter of 2027.

Announced in a joint press release on October 19, 2026, the initiative will test infrastructure, airspace integration, and regulatory frameworks across three distinct operating environments to prepare for the commercial introduction of hybrid-electric aircraft.

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Testing eSTOL capabilities across diverse environments

The demonstration flights will take place at Horvnes quay near Sandnessjøen, Kongsbergporten Business Park, Trondheim Airport, Oslo Airport, and Mosjøen Airport. These locations were chosen to represent a cross-section of Norwegian aviation infrastructure, ranging from novel landing sites without established runways to short-runway regional facilities and major international aviation hubs.

The site selection follows an April 21, 2026 partnership agreement among the four organizations to use Norway as an international test arena for zero- and low-emission aviation technologies. Avinor, a state-owned company responsible for 43 airports and Norway’s air navigation services, is facilitating the infrastructure integration.

What matters is not the individual location itself, but that we are able to test the technology under different conditions and in different parts of the aviation system. This will give us insight into what is required in terms of infrastructure, airspace, procedures and regulations when new types of aircraft are ready to enter service in Norway.

The statement was provided by Karianne Helland Strand, Executive Vice President of Sustainability and Infrastructure at Avinor.

Bristow Group Inc., a global provider of aviation services, will operate the flights. Dave Stepanek, Executive Vice President and Chief Transformation Officer at Bristow, noted that the selected locations will allow the partners to demonstrate the operational flexibility of the aircraft across varied environments. He added that detailed planning for the 2027 flight demonstrations will now begin.

Regulatory integration and the path to commercial service

A primary objective of the 2027 flights is to generate data for regulatory authorities. FAA Norway will use the demonstrations to evaluate how eSTOL aircraft can safely share airspace with conventional air traffic and whether current aviation regulations require modification to accommodate hybrid-electric operations.

When we test new aircraft technologies in such a range of different scenarios, we will be able to assess whether the existing regulatory framework is fit for purpose. It is also valuable for us to build knowledge about how a new type of aircraft with specific characteristics can be safely integrated with other air traffic.

The remarks were made by Jan Petter Steinland, Director of Innovation, Research and Sustainability at CAA Norway.

Electra views the Norwegian demonstrations as a foundational step toward a new operational model. Diana Siegel, Vice President of Commercial Programs at Electra, stated that the flights will lay the groundwork for a “Direct Aviation ecosystem” that connects major airport hubs directly with communities lacking traditional runways.

Electra’s eSTOL development and market positioning

The aircraft slated for the Norwegian demonstrations is the Electra EL2, also known as the Goldfinch. The EL2 is a two-seat technology demonstrator that utilizes blown-lift aerodynamics and distributed electric propulsion to achieve takeoffs and landings in under 170 feet (approximately 50 meters). The demonstrator previously completed its first urban flight on June 2, 2026, landing on a pier in downtown Charleston, South Carolina.

Data gathered from the EL2 flights will inform the development of the Electra EL9, the company’s planned nine-passenger commercial variant. The EL9 combines electric propulsion with a turbogenerator powered by SAF. According to Electra, this hybrid approach aims to deliver 2.5 times the payload and 10 times the range of pure electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, with 70 percent lower operating costs than traditional helicopters.

Electra has secured more than 2,200 letters of intent from over 60 commercial customers for the EL9. To meet this anticipated demand, the company announced an $850 million investment on July 21, 2026, to build a manufacturing facility in Springfield, Ohio. The factory is projected to produce up to 800 EL9 aircraft annually and create nearly 2,000 jobs.

On September 15, 2026, Electra signed an agreement with Atlas to manufacture and assemble airframes for the EL9 prototypes at facilities in Wichita, Kansas. The first prototypes are expected to be delivered for flight testing in 2027, aligning with the company’s target to achieve Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Part 23 type certification in 2029.

AirPro News analysis

The selection of Norway as a testing ground highlights a strategic divergence in the advanced air mobility (AAM) sector. While much of the industry has focused on eVTOL designs for urban air mobility, Electra’s eSTOL approach bypasses the severe battery weight penalties associated with vertical lift. By requiring just 50 meters of runway, the EL9 can operate from repurposed maritime infrastructure, business parks, and the existing network of short-runway regional airports.

We view Norway as the ideal proving ground for this operational model. The country’s challenging geography of fjords and scattered coastal communities relies heavily on a subsidized regional air network managed by Avinor. If Bristow and Electra can successfully demonstrate reliable, low-emission operations in these environments during the 2027 test campaign, it will provide a compelling proof-of-concept for eSTOL technology as a viable replacement for aging regional turboprops and expensive helicopter transport.

Photo Credit: Bristow Group Inc.

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Archer Aviation Midnight eVTOL Completes Bay Area Flight Tour

Archer Aviation’s Midnight eVTOL logged 200+ miles across the San Francisco Bay Area, ahead of LA flights under the FAA’s eIPP.

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Archer Aviation Midnight eVTOL Completes Bay Area Flight Tour

Archer Aviation Inc. (ACHR) has concluded the Northern California phase of its nationwide flight tour, accumulating over 200 flight miles with its Midnight electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft across the San Francisco Bay Area.

The piloted demonstration flights included operations out of Oakland International Airport (OAK) and were designed to test the aircraft’s integration into the complex airspace surrounding three major international hubs. In a press release issued on October 19, 2026, the company stated that the operational experience gathered will support upcoming flights in Los Angeles under a federal airspace integration initiative.

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Navigating Bay Area airspace

The Northern California leg of the “No Roads” tour included stops in Salinas, Hollister, San Martin, San Jose, Mountain View, and Hayward before culminating in the Bay Area. During the final phase, the Midnight aircraft conducted multiple flights taking off and landing at Oakland. One highlighted route connected Oakland to San Francisco’s Marina District, a journey the aircraft completed in approximately 10 minutes. The company contrasted this with the hour or more required to make the same trip by car in typical traffic.

Adam Goldstein, Founder and CEO of Archer Aviation, emphasized the operational goals of the regional tour.

Flying Midnight across multiple cities in Northern California shows we can connect communities with no roads, no traffic, and no emissions in minutes instead of hours. That’s the future we’re working towards bringing to the Bay Area, Los Angeles and cities across the country.

While the flight demonstrated the aircraft’s point-to-point capabilities, technology publication PCMag noted that the Marina District has not housed an active commercial air facility since 1944. The flight served as a capability demonstration rather than a test of an active commercial route.

Midnight aircraft specifications

The Midnight is a piloted, four-passenger air taxi powered by 12 electric motors and six independent battery packs. According to technical specifications provided by the manufacturer, the aircraft is designed for rapid back-to-back trips of 20 to 50 miles. It features an advertised cruise speed of 150 mph and requires approximately 10 minutes of recharging time between flights.

During the Bay Area demonstrations, the aircraft reached a top speed of 131 mph. The manufacturer also highlights the aircraft’s acoustic profile, estimating that it produces 45 decibels of noise during forward flight, a metric designed to facilitate operations in noise-sensitive urban environments.

The path to commercial operations

The data collected during the Northern California tour sets the stage for Archer’s next phase of testing in Southern California. The company plans to fly the Midnight aircraft in Los Angeles as part of the eVTOL Integration Pilot Program (eIPP). Announced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) in March 2026, the eIPP is a White House-backed initiative designed to accelerate the testing and integration of electric aircraft into the national airspace system.

Archer is preparing for its role as the Official Air Taxi Provider of the LA28 Olympic Games. The company is competing in a rapidly developing sector alongside manufacturers like Joby Aviation, which began its own eIPP demonstration flights in the Dallas-Fort Worth region in September 2026.

Archer’s operational push follows a corporate restructuring on August 10, 2026, when the company agreed to acquire three autonomous aviation subsidiaries from The Boeing Company (BA). Following the transfer of Wisk Aero, SkyGrid, and Insitu, Boeing retained a 19.75 percent ownership stake in Archer.

AirPro News analysis

We view the transition from controlled test environments to complex urban airspace as a critical milestone for the eVTOL sector. Operating in the vicinity of San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose requires coordination with multiple air traffic control facilities and demonstrates the aircraft’s ability to integrate into existing traffic flows. However, the Marina District landing highlights a parallel challenge for the industry. While the aircraft can physically complete the 10-minute journey, the lack of existing infrastructure in dense urban neighborhoods underscores that the success of urban air mobility will depend as much on local zoning and vertiport development as it does on aircraft certification.

Photo Credit: Archer Aviation

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