Regulations & Safety
EU Eases Airport Liquid Restrictions at Select Airports with CT Scanners
The EU lifts the 100ml liquid limit at airports with approved CT scanners, creating a fragmented but modernized security approach across Europe.
The European Union has taken a significant step toward modernizing airport security by updating its long-standing rules on carrying liquids through checkpoints. These changes mark a potential shift in how passengers experience air travel across Europe, especially concerning the 100ml liquid restriction that has been in place since 2006. However, the implementation of these new rules has sparked confusion and inconsistency across the bloc.
As of mid-2025, only airports equipped with specific, European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC)-approved computed tomography (CT) scanners are permitted to lift the 100ml limit. This selective application has led to a fragmented landscape where some travelers enjoy relaxed rules while others still face old restrictions. The disparity has raised operational concerns among airport authorities and left many passengers uncertain about what to expect during their journeys.
This article explores the background behind the liquid restrictions, the recent developments in EU policy, the technological and economic implications of CT scanner adoption, and the broader global context of aviation security modernization.
The 100ml liquid restriction was introduced in 2006 following a foiled terrorist plot aimed at detonating liquid explosives on transatlantic flights. The incident, known as the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot, involved plans to smuggle explosive components disguised as soft drinks aboard planes departing from the United Kingdom. In response, security agencies worldwide implemented strict limits on liquid volumes in carry-on luggage to mitigate similar threats.
Traditional X-ray scanners used at airport checkpoints lacked the capability to accurately detect liquid explosives, necessitating a blanket restriction on container sizes. Over time, this rule became a standard part of global aviation security protocols, despite its inconvenience for travelers.
Technological advancements eventually led to the development of CT scanners capable of producing detailed 3D images of luggage contents. These scanners can identify a wider range of threats, including liquid explosives, potentially rendering the 100ml rule obsolete. However, the path to widespread adoption has been anything but straightforward.
In 2024, the EU temporarily reinstated the 100ml limit at airports using CT scanners due to concerns over scanner reliability. Reports indicated that the software used in some scanners was producing a high rate of false positives, prompting the European Commission to pause the easing of restrictions until recalibration and further testing could be conducted.
This decision mirrored similar delays in the United Kingdom, where the government extended its CT scanner deployment deadline to summer 2025. The technical setbacks highlighted the complexity of integrating new security technology into high-traffic environments and underscored the importance of rigorous validation. Despite these challenges, the EU resumed its phased easing of the liquid rule in 2025, allowing airports with ECAC-approved scanners to lift the restriction. However, the limited scope of this approval has led to a patchwork of Regulations across member states.
One of the primary barriers to widespread CT scanner adoption is cost. According to estimates, CT scanners are approximately eight times more expensive than traditional X-ray machines, with maintenance costs four times higher. For instance, London Heathrow Airport would require an estimated £1.04 billion to fully implement the new technology across its terminals.
Currently, only scanners produced by Smiths Detection, a UK-based manufacturer, have received ECAC approval for lifting the 100ml restriction. This exclusivity has effectively sidelined other manufacturers, such as Nuctech and Rapiscan, from participating in the EU’s modernization efforts. The reliance on a single supplier raises concerns about reduced competition and potential supply chain bottlenecks.
As a result, only a select number of airports, such as those in Rome, Milan, Berlin, Amsterdam, and Stockholm, have been able to implement the new rules. Other airports remain bound by the 100ml limit, creating inconsistencies for travelers and operational headaches for airport staff.
“Security is non-negotiable, but the EU certification system must provide legal certainty.”, Olivier Jankovec, Director General, ACI Europe
The selective application of the new rules has led to widespread confusion among passengers. Travelers departing from an airport with approved CT scanners may be allowed to carry liquids in containers up to 2 liters, only to have those items confiscated upon return to an airport still enforcing the 100ml limit.
Airports operating with CT scanners but still subject to the 100ml rule have reported decreased throughput and increased staffing needs. The mismatch between scanner capabilities and regulatory requirements undermines the efficiency gains that the technology was meant to deliver.
In response, the European Commission has emphasized the importance of clear communication. Spokesperson Anna-Kaisa Itkonen noted that while the easing of restrictions is contingent on scanner approval, airports must implement practical measures to inform travelers about the applicable rules.
The market for CT scanners is expected to grow significantly in the coming years, driven by a global push to modernize airport security infrastructure. Analysts project a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.5% for the European CT scanner market from 2024 to 2030. This growth is fueled by the post-pandemic recovery of air travel and increasing investments in Automation and artificial intelligence for threat detection. However, the high cost of equipment and the limited number of approved manufacturers may slow adoption, particularly among smaller regional airports.
To address these challenges, some industry experts have called for broader ECAC certification of additional scanner models and financial support mechanisms to help airports upgrade their systems.
While the EU grapples with fragmented implementation, other regions are taking different approaches. The United Kingdom, for example, has set a nationwide deadline of summer 2025 for full CT scanner deployment, albeit with delays due to technical issues similar to those faced by the EU.
In the United States, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is conducting pilot programs to evaluate the feasibility of easing liquid restrictions. Although no nationwide changes have been announced, the U.S. appears to be moving cautiously in the direction of modernization.
These contrasting approaches illustrate the broader global trend toward updating aviation security protocols, but they also highlight the importance of coordination and standardization to avoid confusion and inefficiencies.
Industry stakeholders have urged the European Commission to develop a comprehensive roadmap for lifting the 100ml restriction across all member states. Such a plan would involve accelerating the Certification process for additional scanner models and providing financial incentives for airports to make the transition.
Standardizing rules across the EU could help minimize passenger confusion and ensure a more seamless travel experience. It would also level the playing field for airports, many of which are currently penalized for being early adopters of the technology.
Without such measures, the EU risks perpetuating a fragmented system that undermines both security and efficiency. The EU’s decision to ease liquid restrictions at airports equipped with approved CT scanners represents a significant step forward in aviation security. However, the uneven implementation of these rules has created a fragmented environment that poses challenges for both travelers and airport operators.
To fully realize the benefits of modern security technology, the EU must address the current disparities by expanding scanner certification, supporting infrastructure investments, and improving communication with passengers. Doing so will help create a more consistent and efficient travel experience while maintaining the high security Standards that air travel demands.
What is the 100ml liquid rule? Why is the rule being eased now? Does the new rule apply to all EU airports? What should travelers do to avoid confusion?
Introduction: Easing Airport Security Rules in the EU
Background: The Origin of the 100ml Rule
Temporary Reinstatement and Technical Challenges
Implementation and Impact: Fragmented Adoption Across Europe
Scanner Costs and Limited Manufacturer Approval
Passenger Confusion and Operational Strain
Market Trends and Future Growth
Global Context and Comparative Approaches
United Kingdom and United States Perspectives
Standardization and Policy Recommendations
Conclusion: Toward a Unified Security Framework
FAQ
It is a security regulation introduced in 2006 that limits passengers to carrying liquids in containers no larger than 100ml in their hand luggage.
Advances in CT scanner technology allow for more accurate detection of liquid explosives, enabling some airports to safely lift the restriction.
No. Only airports with ECAC-approved CT scanners, currently limited to those using Smiths Detection equipment, can lift the 100ml rule.
Check the specific rules of your departure and return airports before traveling, as regulations may vary depending on scanner availability.
Sources
Photo Credit: Sky News
Regulations & Safety
Vehicle Crashes into Detroit Metro Airport Terminal Delta Check-In
A vehicle breached Detroit Metro Airport’s McNamara Terminal, causing minor injuries and minimal operational impact on Delta Air Lines flights.
This article summarizes reporting by ClickOnDetroit and Brandon Carr.
On the evening of Friday, January 23, 2026, a vehicle crashed through the glass entrance doors of the McNamara Terminal at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airports (DTW), coming to a halt inside the Delta Air Lines baggage check-in area. The incident, which occurred during the evening rush, resulted in minor injuries but no fatalities.
According to reporting by ClickOnDetroit, the driver was taken into custody at the scene. While the situation created immediate chaos and scattered debris across the departures level, airport operations continued with minimal disruption.
The crash took place between 7:30 PM and 8:00 PM ET. Witnesses and local reports indicate that a blue four-door sedan, identified in verified reports as a Mercedes-Benz, breached the terminal’s exterior glass doors. The vehicle traveled into the check-in lobby before striking a ticket counter structure.
Video footage circulated on social media and reviewed by local outlets showed the sedan resting inside the terminal with both its hood and trunk popped open. The area surrounding the vehicle was covered in shattered glass and debris. Police immediately cordoned off the specific check-in zone with yellow tape.
According to witness accounts cited in local reports, the vehicle appeared to be moving at significant speed before impact. One witness, identified as “George” in reports, estimated the speed at approximately 45 mph just prior to the car entering the terminal.
Law enforcement officers from the Wayne County Airport Authority (WCAA) responded instantly to the crash. The driver, described as a male wearing a Detroit Lions jersey, surrendered to police without further incident. Video from the scene depicts the driver exiting the vehicle with his hands raised.
It is important to note that while other law enforcement incidents occurred in the region on the same evening, including a wrong-way driving incident on I-94 involving a suspect named Joel Masching, reports confirm these are separate events. The identity of the driver at the airport has not yet been released by the WCAA. Despite the severity of the crash and the busy time of day, no life-threatening injuries were reported. The WCAA Fire Department treated six individuals at the scene.
Airlines confirmed that its employees were among those assessed by first responders. In a statement regarding the safety of their staff and passengers, the airline noted:
“Three employees were among those checked by first responders.”
The airline further stated that there was no significant operational impact to flights. While the specific crash site was restricted for investigation and cleanup, the rest of the airport remained open, and there were no reports of mass evacuations or flight cancellations stemming directly from the vehicle incursion.
Perimeter Security and Infrastructure
This incident brings renewed attention to airport perimeter security, specifically the use of bollards, reinforced concrete or steel posts designed to prevent vehicles from ramming into pedestrian-heavy areas. While major U.S. airports, including Detroit Metro, utilize various physical barriers, the ability of a sedan to breach the glass doors suggests a potential gap in the physical defenses at that specific entry point.
Vehicle incursions into airport terminals are rare but have occurred historically. For example, a similar incident occurred at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in 2015. We anticipate that the Wayne County Airport Authority will likely conduct a review of curbside infrastructure to prevent similar occurrences in the future.
Was the airport closed due to the crash? Were there any fatalities? Is the incident related to other crimes in Detroit that night?
Incident Details and Timeline
The Scene Inside McNamara Terminal
Driver Taken into Custody
Injuries and Operational Impact
Delta Air Lines Statement
AirPro News Analysis
Frequently Asked Questions
No. The airport remained open, and Delta Air Lines reported no significant impact on flight operations. Only the immediate area of the crash was cordoned off.
No. Authorities reported no life-threatening injuries. Six people were treated at the scene, including three Delta employees.
Current reporting indicates this was an isolated incident. The driver is distinct from suspects involved in other local traffic incidents occurring around the same time.
Sources
Photo Credit: X
Regulations & Safety
House Committee Approves Bills to Support Aviation and Broadband Access
The House Committee advanced bipartisan bills to improve FAA staffing, protect U.S. assets abroad, and expand rural broadband in Appalachia.
This article is based on an official press release from The House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and legislative data from Congress.gov.
On January 21, 2026, the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure approved a slate of five bipartisan bills aimed at strengthening the U.S. aviation workforce, expanding rural broadband access, and protecting American assets abroad. Led by Chairman Sam Graves (R-MO) and Ranking Member Rick Larsen (D-WA), the markup session highlighted a legislative focus on modernizing Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) processes and responding to geopolitical challenges affecting U.S. supply chains.
The approved legislation addresses critical infrastructure needs, including the integration of military personnel into civilian air traffic control roles and the feasibility of using low-orbit satellite technology to bridge the digital divide in Appalachia. Additionally, the Committee moved to penalize foreign governments that illegally seize American-owned property, a measure with significant implications for maritime commerce.
“Today, the Committee approved legislation that modernizes the use of pilot certificates, strengthens rural broadband deployment, and protects American property abroad.”
, Chairman Sam Graves (R-MO)
Three of the five bills advanced during the session focus directly on aviation safety and efficiency. As the FAA continues to grapple with staffing shortages, the Committee approved H.R. 6744, the Military Air Traffic Control Transition Act. Sponsored by Rep. Laura Gillen (D-NY), this bill seeks to streamline the hiring process for military air traffic controllers transitioning into civilian roles within the FAA. By better recognizing military credentials, the legislation aims to create a faster pipeline to fill critical vacancies in the national airspace system.
The Committee also addressed the growing issue of unauthorized drones interfering with emergency response efforts. H.R. 6618, the Wildfire Aerial Response Safety Act, sponsored by Rep. Janelle Bynum (D-OR), mandates that the FAA study the impact of drone incursions on wildfire suppression. Unauthorized drones frequently ground aerial firefighting tankers due to safety risks; this bill requires an evaluation of counter-drone technologies to ensure airspace remains clear for first responders.
Additionally, the Committee moved to modernize pilot documentation with H.R. 2247, the Pilot Certificate Accessibility Act. Sponsored by Rep. Tim Burchett (R-TN), this legislation directs the FAA to update its systems to allow pilots to carry and present digital pilot certificates, moving away from an exclusive reliance on physical cards.
“The slate of bills advanced in today’s markup will improve air traffic control staffing, examine the increase in drone incursions during wildfire response, and explore opportunities to expand rural communities’ broadband access.”
, Ranking Member Rick Larsen (D-WA)
A significant portion of the markup was dedicated to protecting American commercial interests overseas. The Committee approved H.R. 7084, the Defending American Property Abroad Act of 2026, sponsored by Rep. August Pfluger (R-TX). This bill prohibits vessels from entering U.S. ports if they have previously utilized a foreign port or terminal that was illegally nationalized or expropriated from a U.S. entity.
According to legislative context provided by the research desk, this bill serves as a response to tensions regarding the seizure of U.S.-owned assets in Mexico, specifically the deep-water port and limestone quarry owned by Vulcan Materials Company. The legislation aims to economically isolate seized assets by effectively “blacklisting” vessels that utilize them, preventing those ships from participating in commercial shipping to the United States.
Addressing rural connectivity, the Committee advanced H.R. 2474, the Expanding Appalachia’s Broadband Access Act, sponsored by Rep. David Taylor (R-OH). This bill mandates the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to study the feasibility of incorporating low-orbit satellite technologies, such as Starlink or Kuiper, into broadband projects managed by the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC).
The legislation acknowledges the economic and logistical challenges of laying traditional fiber-optic cables in rugged terrain. By exploring satellite alternatives, the bill pushes for a “technology-neutral” approach to closing the digital divide in hard-to-reach communities.
The approval of H.R. 6744 signals a pragmatic shift in how Congress views the FAA workforce crisis. Rather than relying solely on training new recruits from scratch, a process that takes years, legislators are prioritizing the removal of bureaucratic barriers for veterans who are already qualified. If enacted, this could provide immediate relief to understaffed control towers.
Furthermore, the advancement of H.R. 7084 represents an escalation in the use of maritime logistics as a tool of economic statecraft. By targeting the shipping vessels themselves, rather than just the foreign government, the U.S. is leveraging its status as a primary consumer market to deter the expropriation of American assets. This move suggests a hardening stance on protecting cross-border supply-chains from political interference.
Sources: House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Congress.gov
House Committee Advances Aviation Workforce and Property Protection Measures
Modernizing Aviation Safety and Workforce
Defending U.S. Assets and Supply Chains
Bridging the Digital Divide in Appalachia
AirPro News Analysis
Photo Credit: Montage
Regulations & Safety
FAA Formalizes Permanent Airspace Restrictions at Reagan National Airport
FAA announces permanent airspace restrictions at Reagan National Airport effective January 2026 to enhance safety after a 2025 midair collision.
This article is based on an official press release from the Federal Aviation Administration.
U.S. Transportation Secretary Sean P. Duffy has announced the formalization of permanent airspace restrictions for aircraft operating near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA). The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) confirmed that these new regulations, which take effect on January 23, 2026, are designed to mitigate the risk of midair collisions in the congested airspace above the nation’s capital.
The regulatory changes come one year after a catastrophic midair collision involving a commercial airliner and a military helicopter near the airport. According to the FAA, the new rules codify temporary measures that were implemented immediately following the tragedy, ensuring that safety protocols regarding visual separation and helicopter routing are permanently enshrined in federal aviation regulations.
In an official statement, the Department of Transportation (DOT) emphasized that these measures reflect a commitment to modernizing safety infrastructure under the current administration. The rules specifically target the interaction between fixed-wing commercial traffic and rotorcraft, including helicopters and emerging powered-lift aircraft.
The Interim Final Rule, effective immediately, introduces several critical changes to how air traffic is managed in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. The primary focus of the regulation is to reduce the reliance on pilot visibility in complex airspace and to segregate different types of air traffic.
One of the most significant changes is the prohibition of “visual separation” procedures within five nautical miles of DCA. Historically, air traffic controllers could allow pilots to maintain safe distances from other aircraft by visually sighting them. Under the new rule, controllers must rely strictly on instrument-based separation standards in this zone, removing the potential for human error in visual identification.
The FAA has also permanently modified helicopter routes and zones. These changes are designed to shift rotorcraft traffic away from the flight paths utilized by commercial aircraft arriving at and departing from DCA, as well as nearby Dulles International (IAD) and Baltimore/Washington International (BWI). Additionally, the rule mandates that all military aircraft operating in the vicinity must broadcast their location data, ensuring they are visible to civilian air traffic control systems.
“After that horrific night in January, this Administration made a promise to do whatever it takes to secure the skies over our nation’s capital and ensure such a tragedy would never happen again. Today’s announcement reaffirms that commitment. The safety of the American people will always be our top priority.”
, Sean P. Duffy, U.S. Secretary of Transportation
These permanent restrictions are a direct response to the events of January 29, 2025, when American Airlines Flight 5342 collided with a U.S. Army Black Hawk helicopter over the Potomac River. The incident resulted in 67 fatalities and prompted an immediate review of airspace procedures in the region.
Following the crash, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) identified insufficient separation and the risks associated with mixed-use airspace as contributing factors. The FAA initially responded with Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) and updated procedures for the Pentagon Heliport. The announcement on January 22, 2026, transitions these temporary fixes into permanent federal law.
“We took decisive action immediately following the January 2025 midair collision to reduce risk in the airspace. This is a key step toward ensuring the highest level of safety for the traveling public.”
, Bryan Bedford, FAA Administrator
While the rules are effective immediately due to the urgent nature of the safety concerns, the FAA has categorized the regulation as an “Interim Final Rule.” This designation allows the agency to enforce the restrictions while simultaneously opening a public comment period, which will run until February 23, 2026.
The Department of Transportation framed the swift implementation of these rules as part of the “America First Agenda,” highlighting the administration’s focus on rapid infrastructure and safety modernization. The restrictions also impact general aviation, significantly curtailing non-essential helicopter and powered-lift operations, such as air tours and private transport, within designated sectors of the DC airspace.
FAA Formalizes Permanent Airspace Restrictions at Reagan National Airport
New Operational Restrictions and Requirements
Elimination of Visual Separation
Helicopter and Military Aircraft Protocols
Context: The January 2025 Tragedy
Implementation and Public Comment
Sources
Photo Credit: Carolyn Kaster/AP
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