Defense & Military
Belgium Reconsiders FCAS Role Amid F-35 Purchase Criticism
Belgium reviews its participation in the European FCAS program after criticism of its expanded F-35 fighter jet procurement.
Belgium’s defense policy is under renewed scrutiny following high-profile criticism from Dassault Aviation CEO Éric Trappier. The controversy centers around Belgium’s recent decision to expand its fleet of U.S.-made F-35 fighter jets while simultaneously seeking deeper involvement in the European Future Combat Air System (FCAS) program. This dual-track strategy has raised questions about national loyalty, industrial policy, and the future of collaborative European defense initiatives.
The clash underscores a broader tension within the European defense landscape: how to balance sovereign procurement decisions with the collective ambition to reduce reliance on non-European technologies. For Belgium, a NATO member with deep transatlantic ties, the decision to invest in American-built jets while aspiring to benefit from a pan-European defense program is both strategic and controversial.
This article explores the background of Belgium’s involvement in FCAS, the recent developments that triggered a diplomatic and industrial backlash, and the broader implications for European defense cooperation and sovereignty.
The Future Combat Air System (FCAS) is a joint European defense initiative led by France, Germany, and Spain. Its goal is to develop a sixth-generation fighter jet and an integrated system of systems, including unmanned aerial vehicles and a secure combat cloud. The project is seen as a cornerstone of European defense sovereignty, aiming to replace current fighter fleets such as the Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon, and F-18 by 2040.
Belgium joined the FCAS program in 2023 as an observer, committing €360 million. The country has expressed interest in becoming a full partner by 2026, with an additional €300 million earmarked for Phase 2 of the program. This involvement is seen as a strategic move to secure industrial participation and align with broader EU defense goals.
However, Belgium’s parallel procurement of 45 F-35 fighter jets from the United States, 34 initially ordered in 2018 and 11 more in 2025, has complicated its position. The additional 11 jets cost approximately €1.67 billion, a significant investment that has drawn criticism from some European defense stakeholders.
Belgium’s interest in FCAS is driven by several factors. Firstly, participation in a major European defense project offers opportunities for domestic industry through subcontracting and technology transfers. Secondly, aligning with EU defense initiatives helps meet political and strategic objectives, including reduced dependency on non-European suppliers.
Despite these motivations, Belgium’s F-35 procurement is based on operational and logistical considerations. The F-35 is a proven platform with NATO interoperability and advanced capabilities. Its acquisition allows Belgium to replace its aging F-16 fleet with minimal disruption. Moreover, the F-35s ordered by Belgium are assembled in Italy, which some officials argue still contributes to the European defense industrial base. However, critics contend that design and intellectual property remain firmly American, limiting Europe’s strategic autonomy.
“If [Belgium] gives up the idea of buying F-35s, they’d be welcome. If not, it’s really making a monkey out of us.” – Éric Trappier, CEO of Dassault Aviation
The FCAS program is currently in Phase 1B, with a budget of €3.2 billion allocated for 2022–2025. The total cost of the program is projected to exceed €100 billion. These figures underscore the scale and ambition of the initiative, as well as the importance of stable and committed partners.
Belgium’s €300 million pledge for Phase 2 is not insignificant, but it pales in comparison to the financial commitments of founding members. This has fueled perceptions that Belgium seeks to benefit from FCAS without sharing proportional risks, especially while investing heavily in a competing American system.
Defense Minister Theo Francken has defended Belgium’s position, citing the country’s dual obligations to NATO and the EU. He dismissed Trappier’s comments as “arrogant,” and emphasized that Belgium remains committed to European defense, even if it makes pragmatic procurement choices.
The fallout from Trappier’s comments has reignited debate over the coherence of European defense policy. Manufacturers note that FCAS has long struggled with internal disagreements, particularly between Dassault and Airbus over leadership roles and intellectual property rights. Belgium’s ambiguous stance adds another layer of complexity to an already fragile alliance.
Some experts argue that Belgium’s actions reflect a broader trend among smaller European nations, which prioritize immediate operational needs over long-term strategic autonomy. Others warn that such decisions risk undermining collaborative efforts and delaying critical projects like FCAS.
In parallel, the UK-led Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP), involving Italy and Japan, is emerging as a potential rival to FCAS. If FCAS continues to face delays and disputes, more countries could pivot towards GCAP or other alternatives, fragmenting the European defense landscape further.
Belgium’s situation illustrates the challenge of balancing NATO obligations with EU defense ambitions. The alliance encourages members to meet a defense spending target of at least 2% of GDP, prompting many to invest in off-the-shelf solutions like the F-35. However, such decisions can clash with EU goals of fostering indigenous capabilities. Francken has emphasized that Belgium’s F-35 acquisition is consistent with NATO standards and ensures operational readiness. Nevertheless, the optics of simultaneously seeking deeper FCAS involvement while expanding American procurement have drawn scrutiny.
Some EU policymakers argue for clearer guidelines on participation in joint defense programs, including procurement alignment. Without such coordination, initiatives like FCAS risk becoming politically and financially unsustainable.
The FCAS program remains a cornerstone of European defense integration, but its success hinges on unity and mutual trust. Belgium’s reconsideration of its role could prompt other nations to reassess their commitments, especially if industrial disputes and financial burdens persist.
To maintain momentum, FCAS leaders may need to establish more inclusive governance structures, accommodate diverse procurement histories, and prioritize transparency in workshare agreements. Otherwise, the project risks losing credibility and partners to alternative programs.
Ultimately, Belgium’s decision will serve as a litmus test for the viability of pan-European defense cooperation in an era of geopolitical uncertainty and fiscal pressure.
Belgium’s reconsideration of its FCAS role following criticism over its F-35 procurement reflects deep-rooted tensions in European defense policy. While the country seeks to balance NATO requirements with EU ambitions, its actions have reignited debates about loyalty, industrial fairness, and strategic coherence.
As FCAS moves into its next phase, the program’s leaders must address internal disputes and clarify participation criteria to avoid further fragmentation. Belgium’s final decision will not only shape its own defense trajectory but also signal the future direction of European military cooperation.
Why is Belgium reconsidering its role in FCAS? What is the Future Combat Air System (FCAS)? How many F-35s has Belgium ordered? What are the financial implications of Belgium’s F-35 purchase? Could Belgium leave the FCAS program? Reuters, Euractiv, Defense Post, Aviationa2z, National Interest, AInvest
Belgium Reconsiders FCAS Role After Dassault CEO Slams F-35 Purchase
Understanding FCAS and Belgium’s Position
Strategic Motivations and Industrial Participation
Financial and Political Stakes
Industry Reactions and Broader Implications
Balancing NATO and EU Commitments
Future of FCAS and European Defense Integration
Conclusion
FAQ
Belgium is reassessing its involvement due to criticism from Dassault Aviation’s CEO over its decision to buy more U.S.-made F-35 jets while participating in a European defense program.
FCAS is a European defense initiative led by France, Germany, and Spain to develop a sixth-generation fighter jet and integrated combat systems by 2040.
Belgium has ordered a total of 45 F-35 fighter jets, 34 in 2018 and 11 more in 2025.
The additional 11 F-35s cost approximately €1.67 billion, raising concerns about Belgium’s commitment to European defense programs.
While a full withdrawal is unlikely, Belgium is currently reviewing its level of participation in the project.
Sources
Photo Credit: Reuters
Defense & Military
Boeing to Modernize C-17A Fleet with MOSA Upgrades Through 2075
Boeing secures contract to upgrade C-17A avionics with Modular Open Systems Architecture, extending fleet service through 2075 with Curtiss-Wright as key subcontractor.
The Boeing Company announced on February 9, 2026, that it has received a significant contract award from the U.S. Air Force to overhaul the flight deck of the C-17A Globemaster III. The “Flight Deck Obsolescence and Technology Refresh” program aims to transition the strategic airlifter’s avionics to a Modular Open Systems Architecture (MOSA), ensuring the fleet remains mission-ready through 2075.
This modernization effort addresses critical component obsolescence while introducing a digital backbone capable of rapid future upgrades. By moving away from hard-wired legacy systems, the U.S. Air-Forces intends to keep the C-17 relevant in an era of contested logistics and evolving digital warfare.
According to the announcement, the core of this upgrade is the implementation of MOSA. This architecture functions similarly to a modern smartphone operating system, allowing engineers to swap out hardware or install new software applications without redesigning the entire cockpit. This “plug-and-play” capability is essential for integrating future communication links and defensive systems required for Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) operations.
The upgrade will replace legacy Multi-Function Displays (MFD) and Standby Engine Displays (SED) with high-definition “glass cockpit” screens. It also includes upgrades to the Core Integrated Processor (CIP) and Video Integrated Processor (VIP), significantly reducing crew workload and improving situational awareness.
Travis Williams, Vice President of Boeing USAF Mobility & Training Services, emphasized the long-term value of this refresh in the company’s press statement:
“By resolving avionics obsolescence and introducing MOSA, we’re preserving a proven, highly dependable, heavy airlifter and keeping it at the forefront of performance and efficiency for decades to come.”
While the February 9 announcement highlights the broader modernization framework, specific financial details reveal the scale of the commitment. A related contract for “Flight Deck Replacement” awarded to Boeing in late 2025 was valued at approximately $265 million, covering the Engineering, Manufacturing, and Development (EMD) phase.
Simultaneously, Curtiss-Wright Corporation announced it had secured a contract with a lifetime value exceeding $400 million to supply the ruggedized mission computers for the program. As a major subcontractor, Curtiss-Wright will provide the high-performance computing modules that serve as the brain of the new open architecture system. Lynn M. Bamford, Chair and CEO of Curtiss-Wright, stated regarding the partnership:
“By delivering rugged, modular mission computing technology, we are supporting the long-term readiness of the C-17, a platform essential to global logistics and mobility operations.”
The decision to extend the C-17’s service life to 2075, nearly 85 years after its first flight, highlights a critical reality in modern military aviation: airframes often outlast their electronics. The C-17 is structurally sound, but its 1990s-era avionics are becoming impossible to source.
We observe that the move to MOSA is not just about maintenance; it is a strategic pivot. By decoupling software from hardware, the USAF can update the C-17’s cyber defenses and communication nodes at the speed of software development, rather than the multi-year pace of hardware acquisition. This flexibility is vital as the C-17 transitions from a permissive-environment cargo hauler to a data node in a high-threat, connected battlespace.
The modernization program targets the entire fleet of 275 aircraft. This includes 222 aircraft operated by the U.S. Air Force and 53 aircraft flown by international partners, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, India, Kuwait, Qatar, the UAE, and the NATO Strategic Airlift Capability.
In addition to the avionics refresh, the fleet is undergoing efficiency improvements. Recent reports indicate the adoption of “Microvanes,” 3D-printed structures attached to the fuselage that reduce drag by approximately 1%. While seemingly small, this adjustment saves millions of gallons of fuel annually, extending the aircraft’s range for operations in the Pacific theater.
What is the timeline for the C-17 modernization? What is MOSA? Who are the primary contractors?
Boeing Secures Contract to Modernize C-17A Fleet Through 2075
The Shift to Open Architecture
Key Partners and Financials
Curtiss-Wright’s Contribution
AirPro News Analysis
Global Fleet Impact
Frequently Asked Questions
The program is designed to keep the C-17 operational through 2075. The current phase involves Engineering, Manufacturing, and Development (EMD), with fleet-wide installation to follow.
Modular Open Systems Architecture (MOSA) is a design standard that allows different components from different suppliers to work together seamlessly. It enables rapid upgrades and prevents “vendor lock-in” for future technology insertions.
The Boeing Company is the prime contractor. Curtiss-Wright Corporation is a key subcontractor responsible for the mission computers.Sources
Photo Credit: Boeing
Defense & Military
South Korea Grounds AH-1S Cobra Helicopters After Fatal Crash
South Korea suspends AH-1S Cobra helicopter operations following a fatal training crash amid delays in fleet replacement.
This article summarizes reporting by South China Morning Post and official statements from the South Korean military.
The South Korean military has ordered an immediate suspension of all AH-1S Cobra helicopters operations following a fatal accident on Monday morning. According to reporting by the South China Morning Post (SCMP), the crash occurred in Gapyeong and resulted in the deaths of two crew members. The grounding order remains in effect pending a comprehensive investigation into the cause of the incident.
The tragedy has renewed scrutiny over the Republic of Korea Army’s aging fleet of attack helicopters, many of which have surpassed their original intended service life. Military officials confirmed that the aircraft involved was conducting training maneuvers at the time of the accident.
The crash took place at approximately 11:04 AM KST on February 9, 2026. The aircraft, an AH-1S Cobra operated by the Army’s 15th Aviation Group, went down on a riverbank in Gapyeong County, located roughly 55 kilometers northeast of Seoul.
According to military briefings, the two crew members on board, both Warrant Officers, were recovered from the wreckage in cardiac arrest. They were transported to a nearby hospital but were subsequently pronounced dead.
Preliminary reports indicate the crew was engaged in “emergency landing procedures.” In rotorcraft aviation, this typically refers to autorotation training, a high-risk maneuver where pilots simulate engine failure to glide the helicopter safely to the ground using the energy stored in the spinning rotors. While standard for pilot certification, autorotation requires precise handling, particularly during the final “flare” phase near the ground.
The AH-1S Cobra has been a staple of South Korea’s anti-tank capabilities since its introduction between 1988 and 1991. However, the fleet is widely considered obsolete by modern standards. Estimates suggest the Army still operates between 55 and 70 of these airframes.
According to defense procurement plans previously released by the government, the AH-1S fleet was scheduled for retirement by 2024. The continued operation of these helicopters in 2026 points to significant delays in the full deployment of replacement platforms, specifically the AH-64E Apache Guardian and the domestically produced KAI LAH (Light Armed Helicopter). This is not the first time the aging Cobra fleet has faced safety questions. In August 2018, the fleet was grounded after a catastrophic mechanical failure in Yongin. During that incident, a main rotor blade separated from the fuselage during takeoff, leading to a crash landing. That failure was later attributed to a defect in the rotor strap assembly, highlighting the structural fatigue inherent in airframes that have been in service for nearly four decades.
The Risks of Legacy Training Modernization Pressure
South Korea Grounds AH-1S Cobra Fleet Following Fatal Training Crash
Incident Details and Casualties
Fleet Status and Delayed Retirement
Previous Safety Concerns
AirPro News Analysis
The crash in Gapyeong underscores a critical dilemma facing modernizing militaries: the necessity of training on “high-risk” airframes while awaiting delayed replacements. Autorotation training is inherently dangerous even in modern aircraft; performing these stress-inducing maneuvers on helicopters approaching 40 years of service compounds the risk profile significantly.
We anticipate this incident will accelerate political pressure on the Ministry of National Defense to expedite the retirement of the remaining AH-1S Cobras. While South Korea has become a major exporter of advanced defense hardware, such as the K2 tank and FA-50 light combat aircraft, the domestic reliance on Vietnam-era derivative helicopters creates a stark capability gap. The tragedy may force the military to prioritize the delivery of the KAI LAH to prevent further loss of life among aircrews operating obsolete equipment.
Sources
Photo Credit: Reuters
Defense & Military
Grid Aero Raises $20M to Deploy Long-Range Autonomous Airlift
Grid Aero secures $20M Series A funding to develop the “Lifter-Lite,” a long-range autonomous aircraft for military logistics in the Indo-Pacific.
This article is based on an official press release from Grid Aero.
Grid Aero, a California-based aerospace Startups, announced on January 26, 2026, that it has raised $20 million in Series A funding. The round was led by Bison Ventures and Geodesic Capital, with participation from Stony Lonesome Group, Alumni Ventures, Ubiquity Ventures, Calibrate Ventures, and Commonweal Ventures. The capital will be used to transition the company’s “Lifter-Lite” autonomous aircraft from prototype to a fielded platform, specifically targeting military logistics challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.
Unlike many entrants in the autonomous aviation sector that focus on electric propulsion, Grid Aero has developed a clean-sheet, conventional-fuel aircraft designed to address the “tyranny of distance.” By utilizing standard Jet-A fuel and a rugged fixed-wing design, the company aims to provide a heavy-lift solution capable of operating without traditional runway infrastructure.
According to the company’s announcement, the flagship “Lifter-Lite” aircraft prioritizes range and payload capacity over novel propulsion methods. The system is engineered to carry between 1,000 and 8,000 pounds of cargo, with a maximum range of up to 2,000 miles. This range capability allows for trans-oceanic flights, such as routes from Guam to Japan, which are critical for Pacific theater operations.
The aircraft utilizes a conventional turboprop engine, a strategic choice intended to ensure compatibility with existing military fuel supply chains. The design features Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) capabilities, enabling operations from dirt strips, highways, or damaged runways where standard cargo planes cannot land.
Grid Aero was founded in 2024 by CEO Arthur Dubois and CTO Chinmay Patel. Dubois previously served as Director of Engineering at Xwing and was an early engineer at Joby Aviation. Patel, who holds a PhD in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford, brings experience from Zee Aero (Kitty Hawk). The leadership team emphasizes a shift away from the “electric hype” of the urban air mobility sector toward pragmatic, physics-based solutions for defense logistics.
“We are building the pickup truck of the skies, a rugged, affordable, and autonomous logistics network capable of operating in austere environments.”
, Grid Aero Mission Statement
The Investments from Geodesic Capital, a firm known for fostering U.S.-Japan collaboration, highlights the strategic focus on the Indo-Pacific. The Department of Defense (DoD) has identified logistics as a primary vulnerability in potential conflicts where traditional supply lines may be contested. Grid Aero positions its technology as an “attritable” asset, low-cost, unmanned systems that can be deployed in volume without risking human crews. The Shift to Pragmatic Propulsion
While the broader autonomous aviation market has largely chased the promise of electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) technologies, Grid Aero’s successful Series A raise signals a growing investor appetite for pragmatic, mission-specific engineering. Electric propulsion currently struggles with energy density, limiting most eVTOLs to ranges under 200 miles, insufficient for the vast distances of the Pacific.
By opting for a conventional turboprop engine, Grid Aero bypasses the battery bottleneck entirely. This decision allows the “Lifter-Lite” to integrate immediately into existing defense infrastructure (using Jet-A fuel) while offering ranges that are an order of magnitude higher than its electric competitors. For military buyers, the ability to repair an aluminum airframe in the field is often more valuable than the theoretical efficiency of composite electric platforms.
What is the primary use case for Grid Aero’s aircraft?
The aircraft is designed for “contested logistics,” delivering heavy cargo (1,000–8,000 lbs) over long ranges (up to 2,000 miles) to areas without standard runways, such as islands or forward operating bases.
Why does Grid Aero use conventional fuel instead of electric power?
Conventional Jet-A fuel offers significantly higher energy density than current battery technology, enabling the long ranges required for operations in the Pacific. It also ensures compatibility with existing military logistics chains.
Who are the lead investors in this round? The Series A round was led by Bison Ventures, a deep-tech VC firm, and Geodesic Capital, which specializes in U.S.-Japan expansion and security collaboration.
Is the aircraft fully autonomous?
Yes, the system is designed for fully autonomous flight operations, allowing for “fleet-scale” management where a single operator can oversee multiple aircraft simultaneously.
Grid Aero Secures $20M Series A to Deploy Long-Range Autonomous Airlift for Contested Logistics
The “Lifter-Lite” Platform: Capabilities and Design
Leadership and Engineering Pedigree
Strategic Context: Addressing Contested Logistics
AirPro News Analysis
Frequently Asked Questions
Sources
Photo Credit: Grid Aero
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