Defense & Military
Lockheed Martin Expands Synthetic Fuel Use in F-16, C-130, F-35 Fleets
Lockheed Martin certifies synthetic aviation fuel for tactical aircraft, reducing emissions by up to 80% and supporting U.S. defense sustainability goals.
As the aerospace and defense sectors increasingly pivot toward sustainable energy solutions, Lockheed Martin’s recent expansion of synthetic aviation turbine fuel (SATF) capability marks a pivotal moment in military aviation. Announced at the 2025 Paris Air Show, the initiative reflects a broader commitment to reducing carbon emissions, enhancing energy resilience, and maintaining mission readiness across a range of tactical aircraft.
With the integration of SATF now approved for the F-16 Fighting Falcon and C-130 Hercules, alongside the previously certified F-35 Lightning II, Lockheed Martin is positioning itself at the forefront of defense sustainability. This move not only supports the U.S. Department of Defense’s (DoD) strategic energy goals but also aligns with global efforts to decarbonize aviation in response to climate imperatives.
Synthetic aviation turbine fuel is a class of jet fuel produced through chemical synthesis rather than traditional petroleum refining. SATF can be derived from various feedstocks, including fossil-based sources like coal and natural gas, as well as renewable materials such as waste oils, agricultural residues, and biomass. These fuels are engineered to be drop-in replacements or blend components with conventional jet fuels, meeting stringent aviation standards.
The significance of SATF lies in its potential to drastically reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, by up to 80% in some cases, depending on the feedstock and production pathway. This makes it a compelling option for militaries and commercial operators seeking to reduce their environmental footprint without sacrificing performance or safety.
For defense organizations, SATF offers additional strategic advantages. These include enhanced energy security through diversified sourcing, reduced logistical dependencies in contested environments, and alignment with national and international climate commitments.
“Expanding synthetic aviation turbine fuel capability is a transformative step that not only reduces our carbon footprint but also strengthens the resilience and readiness of our tactical fleets.” , Dr. Emily Chen, Director of Sustainable Aviation, Lockheed Martin Lockheed Martin’s SATF expansion follows a rigorous technical and strategic assessment process. The fuels were tested extensively to ensure they met or exceeded the performance, safety, and reliability benchmarks required for military aircraft. These assessments included flight tests, engine performance analysis, and compatibility reviews with existing systems and maintenance protocols.
Currently, SATF is approved for use in blends of up to 50% with conventional jet fuel, depending on the production method and raw materials used. These blends are now officially listed in the flight manuals for the F-35, F-16, and C-130 platforms.
The certification process was conducted in collaboration with regulatory bodies such as ASTM International, which updated its specifications to accommodate synthetic fuel blends. Lockheed Martin also partnered with leading SATF producers like Neste and LanzaTech to ensure fuel quality and availability. By integrating SATF into its tactical aircraft fleet, Lockheed Martin is enhancing operational flexibility for its customers. The F-16, described by Lockheed as the world’s most combat-proven 4th generation fighter, gains increased fuel compatibility, allowing it to operate in diverse environments with varied fuel availability.
Similarly, the C-130 Hercules, trusted by 28 operators in 23 countries, benefits from SATF integration by maintaining its tactical versatility while contributing to emission reduction goals. According to Rod McLean, Vice President of Air Mobility & Maritime Missions, the move represents not just an engineering milestone but an environmental one as well.
For the F-35 Lightning II, which had already received SATF certification earlier in 2025, the fuel integration further cements its role as a next-generation platform designed to meet evolving mission demands while aligning with sustainability objectives.
The U.S. Department of Defense has been vocal about its commitment to alternative fuels as part of its broader energy strategy. The adoption of SATF supports the DoD’s objectives to diversify energy sources, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and enhance the resilience of its operational assets.
General Mark Thompson, Energy and Environment Advisor to the U.S. Air Force, emphasized that sustainable fuels are critical for future operational capabilities. Lockheed Martin’s leadership in this area sets a benchmark for the defense industry and aligns with national security priorities.
Moreover, pilot programs initiated by the U.S. Air Force and Navy are already incorporating SATF in training and operational sorties, demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of these fuels in real-world mission scenarios.
Lockheed Martin has invested an estimated $150 million in SATF technology and infrastructure since 2022. This includes partnerships with fuel producers, testing facilities, and government agencies. The investment is part of the company’s broader sustainability strategy, which aims to reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions by up to 50% by 2030.
From an environmental standpoint, the use of SATF could reduce aviation-related emissions by 60–80%, depending on the feedstock and production method. These reductions are critical for meeting the defense sector’s contribution to national and international climate targets, including the Paris Agreement and IATA’s net-zero emissions goal by 2050. Economically, the development and scaling of SATF technologies could stimulate new industries, create jobs, and reduce long-term fuel costs as production becomes more efficient and widespread.
Lockheed Martin’s expansion of synthetic aviation turbine fuel capability across its tactical aircraft fleet signifies a major advancement in sustainable defense aviation. By certifying SATF for the F-16, C-130, and F-35 platforms, the company is not only enhancing mission readiness and operational flexibility but also contributing to broader environmental and energy security goals.
As the defense sector grapples with the dual imperatives of maintaining combat effectiveness and reducing environmental impact, initiatives like this offer a viable pathway forward. Looking ahead, continued innovation in synthetic fuels, hybrid propulsion, and energy storage technologies will likely define the next era of military aviation.
What is synthetic aviation turbine fuel (SATF)? Which aircraft are now approved to use SATF? How much SATF can be blended with conventional fuel? What are the environmental benefits of SATF? Is SATF currently in operational use? Sources: Lockheed Martin, U.S. Department of Defense, ASTM International, IATA, CSIS
Lockheed Martin Expands Synthetic Fuel Use Across Tactical Aircraft Fleet
Understanding Synthetic Aviation Turbine Fuel (SATF)
What is SATF and Why Does It Matter?
Technical Validation and Certification
Strategic Implications for Defense Aviation
Operational Flexibility and Mission Readiness
Alignment with U.S. Department of Defense Goals
Economic and Environmental Impact
Conclusion
FAQ
SATF is jet fuel produced from synthetic processes using renewable or fossil-based feedstocks. It offers a lower carbon footprint and is compatible with existing aircraft systems.
Lockheed Martin has approved SATF use for the F-35 Lightning II, F-16 Fighting Falcon, and C-130 Hercules.
Currently, up to 50% SATF can be blended with conventional jet fuel, depending on the production method and feedstock.
SATF can reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions by 60–80% compared to conventional jet fuel, depending on the feedstock used.
Yes, the U.S. Air Force and Navy have initiated pilot programs using SATF in training and operational missions.
Photo Credit: Lockheed Martin
Defense & Military
Firehawk Aerospace Expands Rocket Motor Production in Mississippi Facility
Firehawk Aerospace acquires a DCMA-rated facility in Mississippi to boost production of solid rocket motors using 3D-printing technology.
This article is based on an official press release from Firehawk Aerospace.
On December 19, 2025, Firehawk Aerospace announced a significant expansion of its manufacturing capabilities with the acquisition of a specialized defense facility in Crawford, Mississippi. The Dallas-based defense technology company has secured a 20-year lease on the 636-acre site, which was formerly operated by Nammo Talley.
This acquisition marks a strategic pivot for Firehawk as it moves to address critical shortages in the U.S. defense supply chain. By taking over a facility that is already rated by the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA), the company aims to bypass the lengthy construction and certification timelines typically associated with greenfield defense projects. The site will serve as a hub for the full-system integration of solid rocket motors (SRMs), complementing the company’s existing R&D operations in Texas and energetics production in Oklahoma.
The Crawford facility is located in Lowndes County within Mississippi’s “Golden Triangle” region. According to the company’s announcement, the site is a “turnkey” defense asset designed specifically for handling high-grade explosives and munitions. The infrastructure includes assembly bays protected by one-foot-thick concrete walls and safety “blowout” walls designed to contain accidental detonations.
Because the facility was previously used by Nammo Defense Systems for the high-volume assembly of shoulder-launched munitions, such as the M72 LAW and SMAW systems, it retains the necessary regulatory certifications to allow for rapid operational ramp-up. Firehawk Aerospace CEO Will Edwards emphasized the urgency of this expansion in a statement regarding the deal.
“This acquisition strengthens Firehawk’s ability to address one of the nation’s most urgent defense challenges: rebuilding munition inventories that have been drawn down faster than they can be replaced.”
, Will Edwards, Co-founder and CEO of Firehawk Aerospace
The acquisition comes at a time when the Western defense industrial base is grappling with a severe shortage of solid rocket motors, which power critical systems like the Javelin, Stinger, and GMLRS missiles. Traditional manufacturing methods, which involve casting propellant in large batches that take weeks to cure, have created production bottlenecks.
Firehawk Aerospace intends to disrupt this model by utilizing proprietary 3D-printing technology to manufacture propellant grains. According to the press release, this additive manufacturing approach reduces production times from weeks to hours. The company has explicitly stated that the new Mississippi facility is being designed to achieve a production tempo of “thousands of rockets per month,” a significant increase over legacy industry standards. “While the current industrial base is built to produce thousands of rockets per year, we are building this site… to operate at a much higher production tempo… designing for throughput measured in thousands per month, not years.”
, Will Edwards, CEO
The expansion is expected to bring skilled jobs to the Golden Triangle region, which is increasingly becoming a hub for aerospace and defense activity. Mississippi Governor Tate Reeves welcomed the investments, noting the dual benefits of economic growth and national security support.
“Their acquisition in Crawford will bring skilled jobs to the region while directly contributing to the production capacity our nation needs.”
, Tate Reeves, Governor of Mississippi
From R&D to Mass Production: This acquisition signals Firehawk’s transition from a development-focused startup to a volume manufacturer. By securing a pre-rated facility, Firehawk has effectively shaved 2–3 years off its timeline, the period typically required to build and certify a new explosives handling site. This speed is critical given the current geopolitical demand for tactical munitions.
Supply Chain Decentralization: The move also highlights a strategy of decentralization. By distributing operations across Texas (R&D), Oklahoma (Energetics), and now Mississippi (Integration), Firehawk is building a supply chain that may prove more resilient than centralized legacy models. This geographic diversity also allows the company to tap into distinct labor markets and state-level incentives, such as Mississippi’s aerospace initiatives.
What is the significance of the DCMA rating? How does Firehawk’s technology differ from traditional methods? What was the facility used for previously?
Firehawk Aerospace Acquires Mississippi Facility to Scale Rocket Motor Production
Strategic Asset Details
Addressing the “Rocket Motor Crisis”
Regional Economic Impact
AirPro News Analysis
Frequently Asked Questions
A DCMA (Defense Contract Management Agency) rating verifies that a facility meets strict Department of Defense quality and safety standards. Acquiring a pre-rated facility allows Firehawk to begin production much faster than if they had to build and certify a new site from scratch.
Traditional solid rocket motors are cast in large batches, a process that requires weeks for the propellant to cure. Firehawk uses 3D-printing technology to print propellant grains, which allows for custom geometries and reduces the manufacturing time to mere hours.
The facility was formerly operated by Nammo Talley (now Nammo Defense Systems) for the assembly of shoulder-launched munitions, including the M72 LAW and SMAW systems.Sources
Photo Credit: Firehawk Aerospace
Defense & Military
20 Years of the F-22 Raptor Operational Capability and Upgrades
Lockheed Martin celebrates 20 years of the F-22 Raptor’s operational service, highlighting its stealth, combat roles, readiness challenges, and modernization.
Lockheed Martin has launched a campaign commemorating the 20th anniversary of the F-22 Raptor achieving Initial Operational Capability (IOC). In December 2005, the 27th Fighter Squadron at Langley Air Force Base in Virginia became the first unit to field the fifth-generation fighter, marking a significant shift in global air superiority.
According to the manufacturer’s announcement, the aircraft continues to define the benchmark for modern air combat. In a statement regarding the milestone, Lockheed Martin emphasized the platform’s enduring relevance:
“The F-22 Raptor sets the global standard for capability, readiness, and mission success.”
While the airframe was designed in the 1990s and first flew in 1997, the F-22 remains a central pillar of U.S. air power. The fleet, which consists of approximately 185 remaining aircraft out of the 195 originally built, has evolved from a pure air superiority fighter into a multi-role platform capable of ground strikes and strategic deterrence.
Since its operational debut, the F-22 has maintained a reputation for dominance, primarily established through high-end military aircraft exercises rather than direct air-to-air combat against manned aircraft.
Data from the U.S. Air Force and independent observers highlights the discrepancy between the Raptor’s exercise performance and its real-world combat engagements. During the 2006 Northern Edge exercise, its first major test after becoming operational, the F-22 reportedly achieved a 108-to-0 kill ratio against simulated adversaries flying F-15s, F-16s, and F/A-18s.
Despite this lethality in training, the aircraft’s combat record is distinct. The F-22 made its combat debut in September 2014 during Operation Inherent Resolve, conducting ground strikes against ISIS targets in Syria. To date, the aircraft has zero confirmed kills against manned enemy aircraft. Its sole air-to-air victory occurred in February 2023, when an F-22 utilized an AIM-9X Sidewinder missile to down a high-altitude Chinese surveillance balloon off the coast of South Carolina.
The primary driver of the F-22’s longevity is its low observable technology. Defense analysts estimate the Raptor’s Radar Cross Section (RCS) to be approximately 0.0001 square meters, roughly the size of a steel marble. This makes it significantly stealthier than the F-35 Lightning II and orders of magnitude harder to detect than foreign competitors like the Russian Su-57 or the Chinese J-20.
While Lockheed Martin’s anniversary campaign highlights “readiness” as a key pillar of the F-22’s legacy, recent Air Force data suggests a more complex reality regarding the fleet’s health. We note that maintaining the world’s premier stealth fighter comes at a steep logistical cost. According to data published by Air & Space Forces Magazine regarding Fiscal Year 2024, the F-22’s mission capable (MC) rate dropped to approximately 40%. This figure represents a decline from roughly 52% in the previous fiscal year and indicates that, at any given time, fewer than half of the Raptors in the inventory are flyable and combat-ready.
This low readiness rate is largely attributed to the fragility of the aircraft’s stealth coatings and the aging avionics of the older airframes. The Air Force has previously attempted to retire 32 older “Block 20” F-22s used for training to divert funds toward newer programs, though Congress has blocked these efforts to preserve fleet numbers. The contrast between the jet’s theoretical dominance and its logistical availability remains a critical challenge for planners.
Contrary to earlier projections that might have seen the F-22 retired in the 2030s, the Air Force is investing heavily to keep the platform viable until the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter comes online.
In 2021, the Air Force awarded Lockheed Martin a $10.9 billion contract for the Advanced Raptor Enhancement and Sustainment (ARES) program. This decade-long modernization effort aims to update the fleet’s hardware and software.
According to budget documents for Fiscal Year 2026, the “Viability” upgrade package includes several key enhancements:
These investments suggest that while the F-22 is celebrating its past 20 years, the Air Force intends to rely on its capabilities well into the next decade.
Sources: Lockheed Martin, U.S. Air Force
Two Decades of the Raptor: Celebrating the F-22’s Operational Milestone
Operational History and Combat Record
Exercise Performance vs. Combat Reality
Stealth Capabilities
AirPro News Analysis: The Readiness Paradox
Modernization and Future Outlook
The ARES Contract and Upgrades
Sources
Photo Credit: Lockheed Martin
Defense & Military
U.S. Navy Zero-G Helmet System Completes Critical Design Review
Collins Elbit Vision Systems completes design review for the Zero-G Helmet Display, reducing pilot weight load and enhancing safety for Navy aircraft.
This article is based on an official press release from Collins Elbit Vision Systems (RTX).
Collins Elbit Vision Systems (CEVS), a joint venture between RTX’s Collins Aerospace and Elbit Systems of America, has officially announced the completion of the Critical Design Review (CDR) for the Zero-G Helmet Mounted Display System+ (HMDS+). This milestone, finalized on December 12, 2025, marks a pivotal step in the U.S. Navy’s Improved Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing System (IJHMCS) program.
The successful CDR effectively freezes the system’s design, confirming that the helmet meets the Navy’s rigorous requirements for safety, performance, and platform integration. With the design locked, the program now transitions into the airworthiness testing and integration phase, bringing the system closer to deployment aboard the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA-18G Growler fleets.
According to the press release, the Zero-G HMDS+ is engineered to address long-standing physiological challenges faced by naval aviators while introducing “6th-generation” digital capabilities to existing 4.5-generation aircraft.
The Zero-G HMDS+ represents a significant departure from legacy analog systems. While previous iterations required pilots to physically attach heavy Night Vision Goggles (NVGs) for low-light operations, the new system integrates digital night vision directly into the visor. This integration streamlines cockpit operations and reduces the physical burden on the aircrew.
A primary driver for the Zero-G’s development is the reduction of head-borne weight. High-G maneuvers in fighter aircraft place immense strain on a pilot’s neck and spine, a hazard exacerbated by heavy, unbalanced legacy helmets. CEVS reports that the Zero-G system is more than 25 percent lighter than current market alternatives. Its name is derived from its optimized center of gravity, designed to minimize fatigue and long-term injury risks.
Capt. Joseph Kamara, the U.S. Navy Program Manager for Naval Aircrew Systems (PMA-202), emphasized the safety implications of the new design in a statement:
“Aircrew health and safety is our number one priority. The Zero-G being integrated through our IJHMCS program promises to relieve aircrew of neck and back strain and greatly improve ejection safety.”
Beyond ergonomics, the helmet utilizes a binocular waveguide display system. Unlike monocular reticles used in older models, this technology projects high-definition color symbology and video into both eyes, creating a fully immersive 3D view of the battlespace. The system is capable of “sensor fusion at the edge,” processing mission data and weapon information directly on the helmet to act as a primary flight instrument. Luke Savoie, President and CEO of Elbit Systems of America, highlighted the strategic necessity of this upgrade:
“Zero-G is providing sensor fusion at the edge… As fighter aircraft level-up, the HMDs of those systems need to as well.”
The Zero-G HMDS+ program has moved rapidly since CEVS was awarded a $16 million contract by the U.S. Navy in September 2023 for development and test support. Following the successful CDR in December 2025, the program is scheduled to undergo flight testing and Avionics integration throughout 2026 and 2027.
The U.S. Navy projects Initial Operational Capability (IOC) for the system in 2027. Once fielded, it is expected to equip aviators across the entire fleet of U.S. Navy and Royal Australian Air Force Super Hornets and Growlers, totaling more than 750 aircraft.
The completion of the CDR signals a critical maturity point for the Navy’s effort to modernize the human-machine interface in its tactical fleet. While much industry attention is focused on future platforms like NGAD (Next Generation Air Dominance), the Zero-G program illustrates the military’s commitment to maintaining the lethality and survivability of its existing backbone fleet.
By adapting technology originally matured for the F-35 Gen III helmet, CEVS is effectively retrofitting advanced situational awareness tools onto older airframes. This approach not only extends the combat relevance of the Super Hornet but also addresses the acute retention issue of pilot physical health. The shift to digital night vision and balanced weight distribution suggests that the Navy views pilot longevity as a critical component of fleet readiness.
Critical Design Review Completed for Navy’s Next-Gen Helmet
Technical Leap: The Zero-G HMDS+
Weight Reduction and Pilot Safety
Advanced Display Capabilities
Program Timeline and Deployment
AirPro News Analysis
Sources
Photo Credit: RTX
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