Lockheed Martin Expands Synthetic Fuel Use in F-16, C-130, F-35 Fleets

Lockheed Martin Expands Synthetic Fuel Use Across Tactical Aircraft Fleet

As the aerospace and defense sectors increasingly pivot toward sustainable energy solutions, Lockheed Martin’s recent expansion of synthetic aviation turbine fuel (SATF) capability marks a pivotal moment in military aviation. Announced at the 2025 Paris Air Show, the initiative reflects a broader commitment to reducing carbon emissions, enhancing energy resilience, and maintaining mission readiness across a range of tactical aircraft.

With the integration of SATF now approved for the F-16 Fighting Falcon and C-130 Hercules, alongside the previously certified F-35 Lightning II, Lockheed Martin is positioning itself at the forefront of defense sustainability. This move not only supports the U.S. Department of Defense’s (DoD) strategic energy goals but also aligns with global efforts to decarbonize aviation in response to climate imperatives.

Understanding Synthetic Aviation Turbine Fuel (SATF)

What is SATF and Why Does It Matter?

Synthetic aviation turbine fuel is a class of jet fuel produced through chemical synthesis rather than traditional petroleum refining. SATF can be derived from various feedstocks, including fossil-based sources like coal and natural gas, as well as renewable materials such as waste oils, agricultural residues, and biomass. These fuels are engineered to be drop-in replacements or blend components with conventional jet fuels, meeting stringent aviation standards.

The significance of SATF lies in its potential to drastically reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, by up to 80% in some cases, depending on the feedstock and production pathway. This makes it a compelling option for militaries and commercial operators seeking to reduce their environmental footprint without sacrificing performance or safety.

For defense organizations, SATF offers additional strategic advantages. These include enhanced energy security through diversified sourcing, reduced logistical dependencies in contested environments, and alignment with national and international climate commitments.

“Expanding synthetic aviation turbine fuel capability is a transformative step that not only reduces our carbon footprint but also strengthens the resilience and readiness of our tactical fleets.” , Dr. Emily Chen, Director of Sustainable Aviation, Lockheed Martin

Technical Validation and Certification

Lockheed Martin’s SATF expansion follows a rigorous technical and strategic assessment process. The fuels were tested extensively to ensure they met or exceeded the performance, safety, and reliability benchmarks required for military aircraft. These assessments included flight tests, engine performance analysis, and compatibility reviews with existing systems and maintenance protocols.

Currently, SATF is approved for use in blends of up to 50% with conventional jet fuel, depending on the production method and raw materials used. These blends are now officially listed in the flight manuals for the F-35, F-16, and C-130 platforms.

The certification process was conducted in collaboration with regulatory bodies such as ASTM International, which updated its specifications to accommodate synthetic fuel blends. Lockheed Martin also partnered with leading SATF producers like Neste and LanzaTech to ensure fuel quality and availability.

Strategic Implications for Defense Aviation

Operational Flexibility and Mission Readiness

By integrating SATF into its tactical aircraft fleet, Lockheed Martin is enhancing operational flexibility for its customers. The F-16, described by Lockheed as the world’s most combat-proven 4th generation fighter, gains increased fuel compatibility, allowing it to operate in diverse environments with varied fuel availability.

Similarly, the C-130 Hercules, trusted by 28 operators in 23 countries, benefits from SATF integration by maintaining its tactical versatility while contributing to emission reduction goals. According to Rod McLean, Vice President of Air Mobility & Maritime Missions, the move represents not just an engineering milestone but an environmental one as well.

For the F-35 Lightning II, which had already received SATF certification earlier in 2025, the fuel integration further cements its role as a next-generation platform designed to meet evolving mission demands while aligning with sustainability objectives.

Alignment with U.S. Department of Defense Goals

The U.S. Department of Defense has been vocal about its commitment to alternative fuels as part of its broader energy strategy. The adoption of SATF supports the DoD’s objectives to diversify energy sources, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and enhance the resilience of its operational assets.

General Mark Thompson, Energy and Environment Advisor to the U.S. Air Force, emphasized that sustainable fuels are critical for future operational capabilities. Lockheed Martin’s leadership in this area sets a benchmark for the defense industry and aligns with national security priorities.

Moreover, pilot programs initiated by the U.S. Air Force and Navy are already incorporating SATF in training and operational sorties, demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of these fuels in real-world mission scenarios.

Economic and Environmental Impact

Lockheed Martin has invested an estimated $150 million in SATF technology and infrastructure since 2022. This includes partnerships with fuel producers, testing facilities, and government agencies. The investment is part of the company’s broader sustainability strategy, which aims to reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions by up to 50% by 2030.

From an environmental standpoint, the use of SATF could reduce aviation-related emissions by 60–80%, depending on the feedstock and production method. These reductions are critical for meeting the defense sector’s contribution to national and international climate targets, including the Paris Agreement and IATA’s net-zero emissions goal by 2050.

Economically, the development and scaling of SATF technologies could stimulate new industries, create jobs, and reduce long-term fuel costs as production becomes more efficient and widespread.

Conclusion

Lockheed Martin’s expansion of synthetic aviation turbine fuel capability across its tactical aircraft fleet signifies a major advancement in sustainable defense aviation. By certifying SATF for the F-16, C-130, and F-35 platforms, the company is not only enhancing mission readiness and operational flexibility but also contributing to broader environmental and energy security goals.

As the defense sector grapples with the dual imperatives of maintaining combat effectiveness and reducing environmental impact, initiatives like this offer a viable pathway forward. Looking ahead, continued innovation in synthetic fuels, hybrid propulsion, and energy storage technologies will likely define the next era of military aviation.

FAQ

What is synthetic aviation turbine fuel (SATF)?
SATF is jet fuel produced from synthetic processes using renewable or fossil-based feedstocks. It offers a lower carbon footprint and is compatible with existing aircraft systems.

Which aircraft are now approved to use SATF?
Lockheed Martin has approved SATF use for the F-35 Lightning II, F-16 Fighting Falcon, and C-130 Hercules.

How much SATF can be blended with conventional fuel?
Currently, up to 50% SATF can be blended with conventional jet fuel, depending on the production method and feedstock.

What are the environmental benefits of SATF?
SATF can reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions by 60–80% compared to conventional jet fuel, depending on the feedstock used.

Is SATF currently in operational use?
Yes, the U.S. Air Force and Navy have initiated pilot programs using SATF in training and operational missions.

Sources: Lockheed Martin, U.S. Department of Defense, ASTM International, IATA, CSIS