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Japan’s Izumo and Kaga: Transforming Destroyers into Aircraft Carriers

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Japan’s SDF Destroyers: From Helicopter Carriers to Aircraft Carriers

Japan’s Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) is undergoing a significant transformation with the conversion of its Izumo and Kaga destroyers into de facto aircraft carriers. This move marks a pivotal shift in Japan’s defense strategy, enabling the operation of advanced F-35B stealth fighter jets. The decision reflects Japan’s evolving security needs in the face of regional tensions, particularly with China’s growing military presence in the East and South China Seas.

The Izumo and Kaga, originally classified as helicopter destroyers, were designed for anti-submarine warfare and disaster relief. However, their conversion into aircraft carriers signifies a strategic pivot towards enhancing Japan’s air defense capabilities. This development is not only a technological leap but also a symbolic shift in Japan’s post-World War II defense policies, which previously prohibited the operation of aircraft carriers.

Historical Context and Significance

The Izumo-class destroyers were first announced in 2009, with JS Izumo commissioned in 2015 and JS Kaga in 2017. These vessels were initially designed to carry helicopters, primarily for anti-submarine warfare. However, the changing geopolitical landscape in the Indo-Pacific region prompted Japan to reconsider their role. In December 2018, the Japanese Cabinet approved modifications to these ships to accommodate F-35B fighter jets, which are capable of short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL).

Historically, Japan operated aircraft carriers during World War II, with the original Kaga being a prominent example. Post-WWII, Japan’s pacifist constitution and defense guidelines prohibited the operation of such vessels. The conversion of the Izumo-class ships represents a significant departure from these restrictions, reflecting Japan’s proactive approach to regional security challenges.

“The conversion of the Izumo-class ships into aircraft carriers is aimed at strengthening air defense in the Pacific Ocean and ensuring the safety of Self-Defense Force pilots.” – Takeshi Iwaya, Japan’s Defense Minister

Technical Modifications and Capabilities

The conversion process involves several critical modifications to the Izumo and Kaga. These include reinforcing the flight decks to withstand the heat and forces generated by F-35B jets, reshaping the bow section from trapezoidal to rectangular, and installing necessary power supply equipment. These changes enable the ships to operate as full-fledged aircraft carriers, capable of launching and recovering advanced fighter jets.

Performance tests conducted in 2021 confirmed the feasibility of operating F-35Bs from JS Izumo, with similar tests on JS Kaga following in 2024. These milestones demonstrate the successful integration of cutting-edge technology into Japan’s naval fleet. The Japan Air Self-Defense Force has ordered 42 F-35B variants, with deliveries expected to begin in 2024. These aircraft will initially operate from land bases before transitioning to the Izumo-class ships.

The Izumo-class ships measure approximately 248 meters in length and have a standard displacement of 19,500 tons. With the conversion, they will be capable of carrying up to 28 aircraft, including F-35B jets and helicopters. This multi-role capability enhances Japan’s ability to respond to a wide range of security threats, from aerial combat to disaster relief.



Regional and Global Implications

The conversion of the Izumo-class ships is a strategic response to China’s growing military assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific region. By enhancing its naval capabilities, Japan aims to strengthen its deterrence and ensure regional stability. The cooperation with the U.S. Marine Corps in operating F-35Bs from these ships underscores the strong bilateral defense relationship between Japan and the United States.

This development also reflects broader trends in naval warfare, where versatility and multi-role capabilities are increasingly valued. The ability to operate advanced fighter jets from naval platforms provides Japan with a significant advantage in maintaining air superiority and responding to crises. The conversion of the Izumo-class ships aligns with Japan’s evolving defense policies, which emphasize proactive contributions to regional and global security.

Looking ahead, the completion of the second phase of modifications for JS Izumo and JS Kaga is expected by 2027 and 2028, respectively. These upgrades will further enhance Japan’s naval capabilities, ensuring that the JMSDF remains a formidable force in the Indo-Pacific region. The integration of F-35B jets into Japan’s naval fleet marks a new chapter in the country’s defense strategy, with far-reaching implications for regional security.

Conclusion

The conversion of Japan’s Izumo and Kaga destroyers into aircraft carriers represents a significant milestone in the country’s defense strategy. By enabling the operation of F-35B stealth fighter jets, Japan is enhancing its air defense capabilities and strengthening its deterrence in the face of regional security challenges. This development reflects Japan’s proactive approach to maintaining stability in the Indo-Pacific region and underscores the importance of international cooperation in addressing shared security concerns.

As Japan continues to modernize its naval fleet, the integration of advanced technologies and multi-role capabilities will play a crucial role in shaping the future of its defense strategy. The conversion of the Izumo-class ships is not just a technological achievement but also a testament to Japan’s commitment to safeguarding regional peace and security in an increasingly complex geopolitical landscape.

FAQ

Question: Why is Japan converting its destroyers into aircraft carriers?
Answer: Japan is converting its Izumo and Kaga destroyers into aircraft carriers to enhance its air defense capabilities and strengthen regional deterrence, particularly in response to China’s growing military presence.

Question: What modifications are being made to the Izumo-class ships?
Answer: The modifications include reinforcing the flight decks, reshaping the bow section, and installing power supply equipment to accommodate F-35B fighter jets.

Question: When will the conversion of the Izumo-class ships be completed?
Answer: The second phase of modifications for JS Izumo is expected to be completed by 2027, while JS Kaga’s upgrades are scheduled for completion by 2028.

Sources: Wikipedia – Izumo-class destroyer, Naval News, The Japan Times

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Defense & Military

EU Funds SHARP Project for Next-Gen Military Helicopter Engine

The EU allocated €25M to the SHARP consortium, 25 partners from 12 countries developing Europe’s next military helicopter engine by 2040.

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The European Commission has allocated approximately €25 million through the European Defence Fund to back a multinational consortium developing the propulsion architecture for Europe’s next generation of military helicopters.

Announced on June 11, 2026, at the ILA Berlin airshow, the Sovereign High-performance Architecture for Rotorcraft Propulsion (SHARP) project brings together 25 partners from 12 European countries. According to a joint press release from Safran Helicopter Engines, MTU Aero Engines, and Avio Aero, the initiative will establish the technological foundation for the European Next Generation Helicopter Engine (ENGHE), which is targeted to enter service in 2040.

Addressing an aging military rotorcraft fleet

The SHARP initiative aligns with broader European defense goals to replace a rapidly aging fleet of military aircraft under the Next Generation Rotorcraft Capability (NGRC) and European Next Generation Rotorcraft Technologies (ENGRT) programs. The current European inventory includes approximately 1,800 transport helicopters and 600 combat helicopters, which currently average 20 years of age. By the 2040s, many of these aircraft will have been in service for over 50 years.

“In light of a continuously aging European fleet of military helicopters the need is obvious: From 2040 onwards, a large proportion of these rotorcraft will have to be replaced,” said Dr. Ottmar Pfänder, Chief Program Officer at MTU Aero Engines. “We joined forces across the continent to underline the importance of this technology program. It will further reinforce European sovereignty and strengthen the European supply chain.”

The funding will be used to develop scalable technological building blocks that can be adapted to various weight classes and mission profiles required by future European armed forces.

Collaborative framework and European sovereignty

The SHARP project builds upon the foundation of the EUropean Military Rotorcraft Engine Alliance (EURA), a 50/50 joint venture established in July 2024 between Safran Helicopter Engines and MTU Aero Engines specifically to develop the ENGHE. The consortium has now expanded to include Avio Aero, broadening the industrial base tasked with designing the new powerplant.

Safran Helicopter Engines CEO Cédric Goubet stated that the funding demonstrates Europe’s commitment to self-reliance and technological sovereignty for future military platforms, thanking the European Union and participating nations for their confidence in the consortium’s capabilities.

“SHARP marks an important milestone in the journey toward Europe’s next-generation rotorcraft engine and reinforces the value of collaboration in developing sovereign, high-performance propulsion technologies,” said Riccardo Procacci, CEO of Avio Aero. “We are proud to partner with EURA on this initiative, contributing within a fully European framework while leveraging Avio Aero’s well-established expertise and know-how.”

EURA CEO Wolfgang Gärtner confirmed that the joint venture is prepared to coordinate the multinational team to provide modern technologies to European forces.

AirPro News analysis

The €25 million European Defence Fund grant represents a critical early step in aligning Europe’s fragmented defense aerospace sector behind a single rotorcraft propulsion program. By formalizing the SHARP consortium now, the European Union is actively working to prevent the development of competing, incompatible national engine programs that have historically complicated European defense procurement and increased long-term maintenance costs. We view the inclusion of Avio Aero alongside the EURA joint venture as a strong indicator that the ENGHE program is successfully consolidating the continent’s primary propulsion manufacturers ahead of the 2040 target.

Sources: Safran Group

Photo Credit: Safran Group

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Defense & Military

Boeing MQ-25A Stingray Aboard USS Nimitz at FLEETEX 250

Boeing’s MQ-25A T1 demonstrator appeared on USS Nimitz during FLEETEX 250, weeks after Navy LRIP approval.

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The Boeing Company’s MQ-25A Stingray T1 demonstrator drone appeared aboard the USS Nimitz (CVN 68) in the Atlantic Ocean on June 25, 2026, sporting special commemorative markings for the United States’ 250th anniversary. The uncrewed aircraft was photographed alongside Boeing F/A-18E Super Hornets and a Grumman C-2A Greyhound during a multinational group sail event.

The deployment provides a visual representation of the United States Navy’s future carrier air wing as the MQ-25 program transitions into its next production phase. Boeing Defense and the Navy publicly released imagery of the static display on June 29, 2026.

FLEETEX 250 and commemorative display

The T1 prototype was painted in a plain gray livery and featured “250” and “Boeing Backs America” markings. In a statement released on the social media platform X, Boeing Defense noted that the display was intended to honor the nation’s semiquincentennial and offer a glimpse of future carrier operations.

The USS Nimitz hosted the drone during Fleet Exercise (FLEETEX) 250. A Navy spokesperson told TWZ that the exercise involved 25 other warships and aircraft from 13 partner and allied nations conducting structured training events at sea. The spokesperson confirmed the presence of the Boeing-owned T1 prototype on the flight deck.

Aviation analysts at The Aviationist observed that the drone lacked the Cobham Aerial Refueling Store (ARS) pod, which is typically mounted under the left wing for refueling operations. The T1 demonstrator has never taken off from or landed on an aircraft carrier and was transported aboard the USS Nimitz for the exercise. It remains unconfirmed whether the uncrewed aircraft actively participated in any operational drills or if its presence was strictly for static display and photo opportunities.

Program milestones and carrier transitions

The appearance of the T1 demonstrator follows several recent advancements for the MQ-25 program. The Boeing-owned prototype originally flew on September 19, 2019, and previously conducted flight deck handling and remote control system demonstrations aboard the USS George H.W. Bush in December 2021.

On April 25, 2026, the first production-representative MQ-25 completed its maiden flight from Boeing’s facility at MidAmerica Airport in Illinois. The following month, the Navy officially approved the uncrewed tanker program’s transition into Low-Rate Initial Production (LRIP).

The FLEETEX 250 exercise also marked a significant operational transition for the Navy’s legacy aircraft. On June 25, 2026, the Grumman C-2A Greyhound made its final catapult launch and arrested landing from a carrier aboard the USS Nimitz. The C-2A is anticipated to be fully retired later in the year.

AirPro News analysis

The static display aboard the USS Nimitz offers a stark visual contrast between the Navy’s past and its immediate future. Placing the MQ-25A Stingray next to the retiring C-2A Greyhound highlights the physical footprint required to integrate advanced uncrewed assets into the carrier air wing. While the T1 demonstrator’s presence was largely ceremonial for the 250th anniversary, the recent approval for Low-Rate Initial Production indicates that the logistical and operational challenges of deploying uncrewed tankers at sea are moving from theoretical testing to active fleet integration. We expect the focus to shift rapidly toward deck handling and maintenance procedures for the production-representative models in the coming months.

Sources: Boeing Defense

Photo Credit: Boeing

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NATO Expected to Select Saab GlobalEye to Replace AWACS Fleet

NATO is set to announce the Saab GlobalEye as its E-3A Sentry replacement at the July 2026 Ankara summit, bypassing Boeing’s E-7 Wedgetail.

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This article summarizes reporting by Reuters by Sabine Siebold and Tim Hepher.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is preparing to select the Saab GlobalEye to replace its aging fleet of Boeing E-3A Sentry airborne warning and control system (AWACS) aircraft, marking a significant shift toward European defense procurement. The official announcement is expected during the upcoming NATO summit in Ankara, Turkey, scheduled for July 7 and 8, 2026.

According to reporting by Reuters, four sources familiar with the matter indicated that the alliance will pivot away from its previous intention to acquire the Boeing E-7 Wedgetail. The decision represents a major defense contract for Sweden-based Saab AB and a notable setback for The Boeing Company in the airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) market. Neither NATO nor Saab has officially commented on the pending announcement.

Transitioning from the E-3A Sentry

NATO currently operates a fleet of 14 Boeing E-3A Sentry AWACS aircraft. Based at Geilenkirchen Air Base in Germany, these aircraft have been in service since 1982 and are approaching the end of their operational lifespan. The Saab GlobalEye, which completed its first flight in 2018, utilizes a modified Bombardier Global 6000 or 6500 business jet airframe equipped with Saab’s Erieye extended-range radar system.

The Boeing E-7 Wedgetail fallout

The anticipated selection of the GlobalEye follows a series of procurement shifts regarding the Boeing E-7 Wedgetail. NATO had initially planned to purchase six E-7 aircraft to replace the E-3A Sentry fleet. The alliance abandoned this plan in 2025 after the United States Department of Defense (Pentagon) canceled its own procurement of 26 Wedgetails in favor of satellite-based surveillance networks.

U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth indicated to Congress in May 2026 that the Pentagon is attempting to reinstate the E-7 into the budget following pressure from U.S. lawmakers. Despite these efforts, international momentum appears to be shifting toward the Swedish manufacturer. On May 27, 2026, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney announced that the Government of Canada had entered formal negotiations with Saab as the preferred supplier for its own AEW&C program, bypassing the Boeing platform.

AirPro News analysis

We view NATO’s expected selection of the Saab GlobalEye as a critical indicator of changing procurement dynamics within the alliance. Historically, NATO has relied heavily on U.S.-manufactured heavy surveillance platforms. The shift to a European-integrated system on a Canadian business jet airframe suggests a growing preference for diversified defense supply chains and potentially lower operating costs compared to commercial airliner-based platforms like the E-7. If confirmed at the Ankara summit, this contract will solidify Saab’s position as a primary competitor in the global AEW&C market while placing additional pressure on Boeing’s defense sector to secure international orders for the Wedgetail program.

Sources: Reuters

Photo Credit: Saab

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