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Japan’s Izumo and Kaga: Transforming Destroyers into Aircraft Carriers

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Japan’s SDF Destroyers: From Helicopter Carriers to Aircraft Carriers

Japan’s Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) is undergoing a significant transformation with the conversion of its Izumo and Kaga destroyers into de facto aircraft carriers. This move marks a pivotal shift in Japan’s defense strategy, enabling the operation of advanced F-35B stealth fighter jets. The decision reflects Japan’s evolving security needs in the face of regional tensions, particularly with China’s growing military presence in the East and South China Seas.

The Izumo and Kaga, originally classified as helicopter destroyers, were designed for anti-submarine warfare and disaster relief. However, their conversion into aircraft carriers signifies a strategic pivot towards enhancing Japan’s air defense capabilities. This development is not only a technological leap but also a symbolic shift in Japan’s post-World War II defense policies, which previously prohibited the operation of aircraft carriers.

Historical Context and Significance

The Izumo-class destroyers were first announced in 2009, with JS Izumo commissioned in 2015 and JS Kaga in 2017. These vessels were initially designed to carry helicopters, primarily for anti-submarine warfare. However, the changing geopolitical landscape in the Indo-Pacific region prompted Japan to reconsider their role. In December 2018, the Japanese Cabinet approved modifications to these ships to accommodate F-35B fighter jets, which are capable of short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL).

Historically, Japan operated aircraft carriers during World War II, with the original Kaga being a prominent example. Post-WWII, Japan’s pacifist constitution and defense guidelines prohibited the operation of such vessels. The conversion of the Izumo-class ships represents a significant departure from these restrictions, reflecting Japan’s proactive approach to regional security challenges.

“The conversion of the Izumo-class ships into aircraft carriers is aimed at strengthening air defense in the Pacific Ocean and ensuring the safety of Self-Defense Force pilots.” – Takeshi Iwaya, Japan’s Defense Minister

Technical Modifications and Capabilities

The conversion process involves several critical modifications to the Izumo and Kaga. These include reinforcing the flight decks to withstand the heat and forces generated by F-35B jets, reshaping the bow section from trapezoidal to rectangular, and installing necessary power supply equipment. These changes enable the ships to operate as full-fledged aircraft carriers, capable of launching and recovering advanced fighter jets.

Performance tests conducted in 2021 confirmed the feasibility of operating F-35Bs from JS Izumo, with similar tests on JS Kaga following in 2024. These milestones demonstrate the successful integration of cutting-edge technology into Japan’s naval fleet. The Japan Air Self-Defense Force has ordered 42 F-35B variants, with deliveries expected to begin in 2024. These aircraft will initially operate from land bases before transitioning to the Izumo-class ships.

The Izumo-class ships measure approximately 248 meters in length and have a standard displacement of 19,500 tons. With the conversion, they will be capable of carrying up to 28 aircraft, including F-35B jets and helicopters. This multi-role capability enhances Japan’s ability to respond to a wide range of security threats, from aerial combat to disaster relief.



Regional and Global Implications

The conversion of the Izumo-class ships is a strategic response to China’s growing military assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific region. By enhancing its naval capabilities, Japan aims to strengthen its deterrence and ensure regional stability. The cooperation with the U.S. Marine Corps in operating F-35Bs from these ships underscores the strong bilateral defense relationship between Japan and the United States.

This development also reflects broader trends in naval warfare, where versatility and multi-role capabilities are increasingly valued. The ability to operate advanced fighter jets from naval platforms provides Japan with a significant advantage in maintaining air superiority and responding to crises. The conversion of the Izumo-class ships aligns with Japan’s evolving defense policies, which emphasize proactive contributions to regional and global security.

Looking ahead, the completion of the second phase of modifications for JS Izumo and JS Kaga is expected by 2027 and 2028, respectively. These upgrades will further enhance Japan’s naval capabilities, ensuring that the JMSDF remains a formidable force in the Indo-Pacific region. The integration of F-35B jets into Japan’s naval fleet marks a new chapter in the country’s defense strategy, with far-reaching implications for regional security.

Conclusion

The conversion of Japan’s Izumo and Kaga destroyers into aircraft carriers represents a significant milestone in the country’s defense strategy. By enabling the operation of F-35B stealth fighter jets, Japan is enhancing its air defense capabilities and strengthening its deterrence in the face of regional security challenges. This development reflects Japan’s proactive approach to maintaining stability in the Indo-Pacific region and underscores the importance of international cooperation in addressing shared security concerns.

As Japan continues to modernize its naval fleet, the integration of advanced technologies and multi-role capabilities will play a crucial role in shaping the future of its defense strategy. The conversion of the Izumo-class ships is not just a technological achievement but also a testament to Japan’s commitment to safeguarding regional peace and security in an increasingly complex geopolitical landscape.

FAQ

Question: Why is Japan converting its destroyers into aircraft carriers?
Answer: Japan is converting its Izumo and Kaga destroyers into aircraft carriers to enhance its air defense capabilities and strengthen regional deterrence, particularly in response to China’s growing military presence.

Question: What modifications are being made to the Izumo-class ships?
Answer: The modifications include reinforcing the flight decks, reshaping the bow section, and installing power supply equipment to accommodate F-35B fighter jets.

Question: When will the conversion of the Izumo-class ships be completed?
Answer: The second phase of modifications for JS Izumo is expected to be completed by 2027, while JS Kaga’s upgrades are scheduled for completion by 2028.

Sources: Wikipedia – Izumo-class destroyer, Naval News, The Japan Times

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Defense & Military

Pratt Whitney Completes 3D-Printed TJ150 Turbojet Demo Test

Pratt & Whitney validates additive manufacturing for the TJ150, consolidating 50+ hot section parts into 3D-printed components.

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Pratt & Whitney has successfully completed demonstration testing of an additively manufactured TJ150 turbojet engine, a process that consolidated more than 50 individual hot section components into a small number of 3D-printed parts.

The RTX Corporation subsidiary announced the milestone on July 20, 2026, during the Farnborough International Airshow in London. The test results validate the manufacturer’s strategy to use additive manufacturing to simplify design and accelerate production for expendable military propulsion systems.

Consolidating hot section components

According to the press release, nearly 60 percent of the TJ150 engine’s volume was produced using additive manufacturing. This volume includes major static and rotating hardware. By utilizing 3D printing technologies, engineers reduced the complexity of the engine’s hot section and replaced over 50 traditional parts with a handful of consolidated components.

The TJ150 is a 150-pound thrust class turbojet designed for single-use applications.

“For expendable engines like the TJ150, where missions can last minutes or hours, simplifying the design and scaling production quickly is essential to meeting rising demand,” said Jill Albertelli, President of Military Engines at Pratt & Whitney.

Integration with cruise missiles and decoys

The successful demonstration of the 3D-printed TJ150 follows recent contract awards and integration announcements for the engine platform. On March 10, 2026, Pratt & Whitney secured a follow-on contract from Leidos Dynetics to supply TJ150 engines for the AGM-190A small cruise missile.

In a separate announcement on July 15, 2026, Raytheon confirmed plans to prioritize the TJ150 engine for the initial production of the Miniature Air-Launched Decoy (MALD). Raytheon noted that utilizing the existing engine platform keeps restart timelines short while the company explores additively manufactured engines for longer-term opportunities.

Expanding additive manufacturing applications

Pratt & Whitney plans to apply the manufacturing techniques validated during the TJ150 demonstration to other propulsion programs. Albertelli stated that additive manufacturing helps the company move designs from concept to capability faster. She confirmed that the manufacturer is leveraging the TJ150 learnings to benefit other systems, including the Pratt & Whitney Valox engine family.

AirPro News analysis

The successful test of a heavily 3D-printed TJ150 highlights a critical shift in defense aerospace manufacturing. As military operators demand higher volumes of autonomous systems, decoys, and tactical missiles, traditional supply chains for small turbine engines face significant bottlenecks. Casting and machining conventional hot-section components requires extensive tooling and long lead times. By consolidating dozens of parts into a few additively manufactured pieces, we see manufacturers directly addressing the need for rapid scalability.

Expendable engines operate for very short durations, meaning they do not require the same long-term durability as commercial or manned military turbofans. This specific operational profile makes them ideal candidates for additive manufacturing, allowing producers to prioritize production speed and cost reduction over thousands of hours of time-on-wing reliability.

Sources: RTX / Pratt & Whitney (July 20, 2026)

Photo Credit: RTX

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Defense & Military

GE Aerospace and Magellan Sign F414 MRO MOU for Canada

GE Aerospace and Magellan Aerospace signed an MOU at Farnborough to establish a Canadian F414 engine MRO center if Canada selects the Gripen E.

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GE Aerospace and Magellan Aerospace Corporation signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on July 22, 2026, at the Farnborough International Airshow to establish a Canadian MRO center for the F414-GE-39E engine. The agreement is entirely contingent on the Government of Canada selecting the Saab JAS 39 Gripen E for its future fighter fleet.

Announced in a GE Aerospace press release, the proposed MRO work would take place at Magellan’s facility in Mississauga, Ontario. The partnership aims to position Magellan as Canada’s domestic center of excellence for F414 engine sustainment, guaranteeing sovereign support capabilities for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) if the Gripen E is acquired.

Industrial offsets and the Gripen E campaign

The MOU represents a calculated component of a broader industrial offset campaign by Saab AB and its suppliers to secure a portion of Canada’s fighter procurement contract. The Canadian government is currently reviewing its fighter jet strategy. While Ottawa previously committed to purchasing a fleet of 88 Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II Military-Aircraft, the government is evaluating a potential mixed fleet that could include domestically built Gripen E fighters.

To strengthen the Gripen’s bid, Saab has been securing agreements with Canadian aerospace firms to promise domestic job creation and technology transfer. This engine sustainment agreement follows a similar MOU signed on July 17, 2026, between Saab and Canadian aviation training firm CAE Inc. to cooperate on advanced fighter pilot Training.

Engine sustainment and domestic capabilities

The F414 engine family has accumulated more than 5 million flight hours globally. The new agreement builds on a 60-year working relationship between GE Aerospace and Magellan Aerospace Corporation.

Paul Ferraro, Vice President of Defense Engines & Services at GE Aerospace, stated that the agreement spans both military and commercial engines and will ensure the RCAF has in-country access to sustainment services to maintain F414 readiness.

Haydn Martin, Vice President of Business Development, Marketing, and Contracts at Magellan Aerospace Corporation, emphasized the operational benefits of the proposed partnership.

“Should the Saab JAS 39 Gripen E aircraft be selected, Magellan Aerospace will be ready to provide world-class engine maintenance, repair and overhaul services that enhance operational readiness for the Royal Canadian Air Force while maintaining highly skilled Canadian jobs, developing advanced technical expertise, and strengthening Canada’s long-term defence industrial capacity,” Martin said.

AirPro News analysis

We view this MOU as a clear signal that the competition for Canada’s fighter fleet remains highly active despite the initial F-35A selection. By lining up domestic heavyweights like Magellan and CAE, Saab is directly addressing Ottawa’s stringent Industrial and Technological Benefits (ITB) policy requirements. If the Government of Canada opts for a mixed fleet, establishing sovereign MRO capabilities for the F414 engine will be a critical factor in mitigating supply chain risks and ensuring RCAF operational independence. Until a formal procurement decision is finalized, these agreements remain strategic positioning rather than guaranteed Contracts.

Sources: GE Aerospace

Photo Credit: GE Aerospace

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Defense & Military

CBP AMO Orders 10 Airbus H125 Helicopters for Fleet Expansion

CBP Air and Marine Operations contracts for 10 Airbus H125 helicopters, expanding a 30-year fleet of over 100 rotary-wing aircraft.

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U.S. Customs and Border Protection Air and Marine Operations (CBP AMO) has finalized a contract to acquire 10 additional Airbus H125 helicopters, expanding a fleet modernization effort that relies heavily on the single-engine platform for border security and law enforcement missions.

In a press release issued on July 7, 2026, Airbus confirmed the agreement, which reinforces a three-decade relationship between the federal agency and the aerospace manufacturer. The new helicopters will be assembled at the Airbus Helicopters production facility in Columbus, Mississippi.

Expanding the airborne law enforcement fleet

The latest acquisition builds upon a previous order placed in August 2020, when CBP AMO contracted for 16 H125 helicopters to upgrade its aging rotary-wing assets. The agency currently operates a total fleet of more than 240 aircraft, which includes over 100 helicopters from the Airbus H120 and H125 families delivered over the past 30 years.

The H125, formerly known as the Eurocopter AS350, is utilized by CBP AMO for a variety of demanding flight profiles, including border surveillance, suspect pursuit, and general public safety operations across the United States.

Bart Reijnen, Head of the North America Region for Airbus Helicopters, stated that the expansion “underscores the long-standing collaboration” between the manufacturer and the federal agency. He added that the selection highlights the trust placed in the H125 to execute critical public safety missions under demanding conditions, with Airbus committing to provide comprehensive services to maintain mission readiness.

Virtual reality integration for pilot training

As CBP AMO increases its H125 inventory, the agency is simultaneously overhauling how it trains the personnel who fly them. In November 2025, CBP became the first federal law enforcement agency and the first branch of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to integrate virtual reality into its aerial training program.

According to reporting by FLYING Magazine, the agency awarded a contract to adopt an FAA-qualified Airbus H125 virtual reality flight simulator developed by Loft Dynamics. The simulator is being installed at the CBP AMO training center in Oklahoma City, where it will be used to train the agency’s roster of more than 600 pilots.

AirPro News analysis

We view CBP AMO’s continued investment in the H125 platform as a clear indicator of the agency’s preference for fleet commonality. Operating a standardized fleet of over 100 H125-family helicopters significantly reduces maintenance overhead, streamlines supply chains, and simplifies pilot transition training. Furthermore, Airbus’s strategy of assembling these aircraft in Columbus, Mississippi, likely plays a crucial role in navigating federal procurement requirements, ensuring that the European manufacturer remains highly competitive for U.S. government contracts. The parallel investment in Loft Dynamics’ VR simulators suggests the agency is preparing for a sustained, long-term operational lifespan for the H125 fleet.

Sources: Airbus

Photo Credit: Airbus

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