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NASA Tests Air Traffic Surveillance Tech with Pilatus PC-12 Aircraft

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NASA Tests Air Traffic Surveillance Technology Using Its Pilatus PC-12 Aircraft

As air taxis, drones, and other innovative aircraft prepare to enter U.S. airspace, ensuring their safe integration is a top priority for NASA. The agency is leveraging its Pilatus PC-12 aircraft to test and evaluate communication, navigation, and surveillance systems critical for managing this new wave of urban air mobility (UAM). This research is part of NASA’s broader efforts to revolutionize air transportation and pave the way for safer, more efficient skies.

The Pilatus PC-12, a single-engine turboprop aircraft, is known for its versatility and reliability. With over eight million flight hours logged since its introduction in the 1990s, the PC-12 has proven itself in various roles, from surveillance to air ambulance missions. NASA’s use of this aircraft underscores its adaptability for cutting-edge research, particularly in the realm of advanced air mobility (AAM).

This article delves into NASA’s recent tests of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) technology using the Pilatus PC-12, exploring the significance of these efforts, the challenges of urban air traffic management, and the future implications of this groundbreaking research.

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The Role of ADS-B in Urban Air Mobility

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a cornerstone of modern air traffic management. This system allows aircraft to broadcast their location, altitude, and speed in real time, enabling air traffic control and other aircraft to track their movements. For air taxis and drones operating in densely populated urban areas, maintaining consistent ADS-B signals is essential to prevent collisions and ensure safe operations.

However, urban environments present unique challenges for ADS-B systems. Tall buildings, interference, and distance from ground stations can lead to signal dropouts, making it difficult to maintain real-time tracking. NASA’s Pilatus PC-12 is being used to simulate these conditions and identify solutions to enhance signal coverage and reliability.

During recent tests at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, researchers flew the PC-12 in a grid pattern over four ADS-B ground stations. By analyzing signal dropouts in relation to the aircraft’s altitude and distance from the stations, the team aims to optimize the placement of additional ground stations and improve signal reception for future UAM operations.

“Like all antennas, those used for ADS-B signal reception do not have a constant pattern. There are certain areas where the terrain will block ADS-B signals, and depending on the type of antenna and location characteristics, there are also flight elevation angles where reception can cause signal dropouts.” – Brad Snelling, Vehicle Test Team Chief Engineer, NASA’s Air Mobility Pathfinders Project

NASA’s Pilatus PC-12: A Versatile Research Platform

The Pilatus PC-12’s adaptability makes it an ideal platform for NASA’s research. With a pressurized cabin, high-altitude ceiling, and the ability to land on short, unpaved runways, the PC-12 can operate in a wide range of environments. Its cargo capacity also allows it to carry researchers and monitoring equipment, making it a valuable asset for testing new technologies.

NASA’s use of the PC-12 builds on earlier tests conducted at the Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, where researchers evaluated ADS-B signals between the aircraft and rooftop antennas. These initial flights provided valuable data that informed the recent tests at Armstrong, highlighting the PC-12’s role in advancing UAM research.

In addition to ADS-B testing, the PC-12 is being used to evaluate other communication technologies, such as radio systems, cellular services, and satellite technologies. These efforts are critical for developing the infrastructure needed to support air taxis and drones in urban and suburban areas.

Future Implications of NASA’s Research

NASA’s work with the Pilatus PC-12 is part of a larger effort to integrate advanced air mobility vehicles into the National Airspace System. By addressing challenges like signal dropouts and developing robust communication systems, this research lays the groundwork for a future where air taxis and drones are a common sight in urban skies.

The data collected from these tests will inform the design of infrastructure to support UAM operations, including the placement of ground stations and the development of new ADS-B-like concepts for uncrewed aircraft systems. These advancements will not only enhance safety but also enable more efficient and sustainable transportation solutions.

As urban air mobility continues to gain momentum globally, NASA’s research serves as a model for other organizations and countries looking to integrate these technologies into their airspace. The lessons learned from these tests will help shape the future of air transportation, making it safer, more accessible, and more efficient for everyone.

Conclusion

NASA’s use of the Pilatus PC-12 to test air traffic surveillance technology marks a significant step forward in the development of urban air mobility. By addressing the challenges of signal dropouts and optimizing communication systems, this research is paving the way for the safe integration of air taxis and drones into urban airspace.

As the demand for advanced air mobility grows, NASA’s efforts will play a crucial role in shaping the future of air transportation. The insights gained from these tests will not only enhance safety but also enable new possibilities for on-demand transportation, revolutionizing the way we move through our cities.

FAQ

What is ADS-B technology?
ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) is a system that allows aircraft to broadcast their location, altitude, and speed in real time, enabling air traffic control and other aircraft to track their movements.

Why is the Pilatus PC-12 used for this research?
The Pilatus PC-12 is known for its versatility, reliability, and ability to operate in a wide range of environments, making it an ideal platform for testing new air traffic surveillance technologies.

What are the challenges of urban air mobility?
Urban air mobility faces challenges such as signal dropouts due to interference and distance from ground stations, as well as the need for robust communication systems to ensure safe operations in densely populated areas.

Sources: NASA

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Wisk Aero Opens eVTOL Vertiport at Hollister Airport

Wisk Aero opens a purpose-built vertiport at Hollister Municipal Airport to test its autonomous Generation 6 eVTOL aircraft.

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Wisk Aero Opens eVTOL Vertiport at Hollister Airport

Wisk Aero has commenced operations at a new purpose-built vertiport at Hollister Municipal Airport in California, establishing a dedicated physical environment to test its autonomous Generation 6 electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft.

Announced in a company press release on October 30, 2026, following a ribbon-cutting ceremony the previous day, the facility will serve as a real-world testbed for precision landing technologies and terminal area flight procedures. The operational data gathered at the site will directly support the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) eVTOL Integration Pilot Program (eIPP) and inform broader certification efforts for advanced air mobility (AAM) infrastructure.

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Validating autonomous flight operations

The Hollister installation features a 100-by-100-foot vertiport pad designed to accommodate both piloted and autonomous operations. Wisk constructed the site using a modular design approach that incorporates elevated steel structures, integrated solar panels, and dedicated power banks. This modularity allows the infrastructure to be relocated for future testing requirements in other regions, such as Texas.

The transition from the project groundbreaking announcement on August 26, 2026, to the October 29 ribbon-cutting ceremony took approximately nine weeks. Local, state, and federal officials attended the opening event.

Wisk Aero Chief Executive Officer Sebastien Vigneron highlighted the operational necessity of the new site for the company’s testing program.

“Opening this vertiport for flight testing is a big moment for Wisk and the future of piloted and autonomous flight. Deploying our aircraft on a purpose-built vertiport gives us the exact physical setup needed to validate precision landing technologies and our complete autonomy stack,” Vigneron stated.

Hollister Municipal Airport Executive Director Jeff Crechriou noted that hosting one of the first on-airport vertiports capable of supporting autonomous operations positions the airport at the forefront of the AAM sector.

Regulatory alignment and infrastructure standards

The development of physical ground infrastructure remains a primary constraint for the eVTOL industry. Wisk built the Hollister facility to comply with existing FAA standards, intending to use the site to evaluate complex terminal area flight procedures. Testing will focus on missed approaches and precision landings, particularly in GPS-denied environments.

Vigneron noted that the site is designed to support all vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. The resulting data will feed into the FAA eIPP and the California Advanced Air Mobility Corridors Initiative, helping establish best practices for scalable vertiport integration.

This testing aligns with ongoing regulatory updates at the federal level. On October 22, 2026, the FAA released draft advisory circular AC 150/5390-4, titled “Vertical Flight Aircraft Infrastructure Design.” This document proposes new standards for pad sizes and approach paths, intended to replace the current interim vertiport design guidance and the existing heliport design circular. The FAA is accepting public comments on the draft until January 11, 2027. Data generated at the Hollister site could provide empirical support for finalizing these infrastructure standards.

Wisk corporate evolution and the Archer acquisition

The opening of the Hollister vertiport occurs during a period of significant corporate transition for Wisk Aero. Founded in 2019 as a joint venture between The Boeing Company and Kitty Hawk, Wisk became a wholly owned Boeing subsidiary in 2023. The company has focused exclusively on self-flying, all-electric air taxis, designing and building six generations of eVTOL aircraft and accumulating over 1,750 test flights.

The Generation 6 aircraft, designed as a four-passenger autonomous air taxi, completed its maiden flight in December 2025. The Hollister facility is specifically tailored to advance the flight testing program for this vehicle.

In August 2026, Archer Aviation reached a definitive agreement to acquire Wisk Aero, along with Insitu and SkyGrid, from Boeing. According to reporting by AVweb, the all-stock transaction will result in Boeing taking a nearly 20 percent equity stake in Archer. The deal is expected to close by the end of 2026, subject to regulatory approvals. The acquisition will consolidate Wisk autonomous technology portfolio under Archer while maintaining Boeing access to the technology through cross-licensing agreements.

AirPro News analysis

The rapid nine-week deployment of the Hollister vertiport highlights a strategic pivot within the AAM sector from vehicle design to the practicalities of ground infrastructure. While the industry has directed substantial capital toward aircraft certification, the physical bottlenecks of vertiport availability, power management, and standardized approach procedures remain critical hurdles for commercialization. By controlling its own test environment, Wisk can generate the specific operational data the FAA requires to finalize its pending vertiport design circulars. This empirical data gives the company a distinct advantage in shaping the regulatory framework that competitors will eventually have to navigate, particularly as the FAA transitions from interim guidance to permanent infrastructure standards.

Photo Credit: Wisk Aero

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Archer Aviation and ITA Airways Partner on Italy eVTOL Network

Archer Aviation and ITA Airways sign an agreement to launch an electric air taxi network in Italy, starting with Rome Fiumicino routes.

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Archer Aviation and ITA Airways Partner on Italy eVTOL Network

Archer Aviation Inc. and ITA Airways signed an agreement on October 29, 2026, to develop an all-electric air taxi network across Italy, marking the California-based manufacturer’s first partnership with a European airline.

The collaboration centers on deploying Archer’s Midnight electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft to connect major Italian cities and airports. According to a press release issued by Archer, the initial focus will be on routes connecting Rome Fiumicino Airport to Rome’s city center, targeting a reduction in travel time from a 60 to 90-minute ground commute to a zero-emission flight of less than 10 minutes.

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Targeting urban congestion in Rome

Rome Fiumicino processed 50 million passengers in 2025, creating significant ground traffic between the airport and the urban core. The planned air taxi service aims to bypass this congestion using the Midnight aircraft, which is designed to carry four passengers and a pilot. The aircraft is optimized for back-to-back 20-mile trips with minimal charging time required between flights.

Archer Founder and Chief Executive Officer Adam Goldstein highlighted the market potential in the joint announcement, noting the infrastructure and regulatory environment in Italy.

“Italy is one of the most visited countries on Earth: Rome Fiumicino crossed 50 million passengers last year for the first time in its history. Every one of those travelers deserves the option to skip an hour in traffic with a 10-minute, all-electric flight.”

The manufacturer recently demonstrated the aircraft’s urban capabilities during piloted test flights in the San Francisco Bay Area. Those demonstrations included flights between Oakland and San Francisco’s Marina District, completing the route in approximately 10 minutes.

Expanding global airline partnerships

The agreement with ITA Airways expands Archer’s strategy of partnering with established commercial carriers to integrate eVTOL operations into existing passenger networks. The eVTOL market remains highly competitive, with manufacturers like Joby Aviation and Beta Technologies also advancing toward certification. Archer’s approach relies on utilizing the operational expertise and established customer bases of traditional airlines to drive early adoption of air taxi services.

ITA Airways, formed in 2021 following the restructuring of Alitalia, operates a modern Airbus fleet and serves over 70 destinations worldwide as part of the Star Alliance network. Joerg Eberhart, Chief Executive Officer and General Manager of ITA Airways, stated that the carrier intends to explore innovative solutions to strengthen connectivity.

“This agreement with Archer represents an important step in assessing how electric air taxi services could complement our network and enhance connections between airports, city centers and other strategic destinations.”

Archer has previously secured similar operational agreements with United Airlines in the United States and Abu Dhabi Aviation in the United Arab Emirates. In late October 2026, the manufacturer also announced plans for three air taxi networks in the Texas Triangle, connecting airports and business districts in Dallas-Fort Worth, Austin, and Houston.

Lufthansa Group integration and regulatory pathways

The partnership development occurs as ITA Airways undergoes a major ownership transition. The Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance currently holds a 59% stake in the carrier, with Deutsche Lufthansa AG holding the remaining 41%. Lufthansa finalized its initial acquisition in January 2025 and confirmed in May 2026 that it will exercise an option to increase its ownership to 90% following a €325 million investment. The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2027, pending regulatory approvals from the European Commission and the US Department of Justice.

For the Italian air taxi network to materialize, Archer must secure certification for the Midnight aircraft from both the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the EASA. The aircraft cleared Phase 3 of the FAA’s four-stage certification process in April 2026.

The company is also advancing its regulatory path in other international markets. In May 2026, the UAE General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) transitioned the Midnight aircraft into a Restricted Type Certificate program, streamlining its path to operations in the Middle East.

AirPro News analysis

Securing ITA Airways as a European launch partner provides Archer with a critical foothold in a market heavily regulated by EASA. While the technological and certification hurdles for eVTOL aircraft remain high across the industry, aligning with a carrier that is actively being integrated into the Lufthansa Group offers Archer potential future access to one of the largest airline networks in Europe. We view this partnership as a strategic move to build operational credibility, though the timeline for commercial passenger flights in Rome will depend entirely on the pace of EASA validation and the construction of dedicated vertiport infrastructure.

Photo Credit: Archer Aviation

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Joby Aviation Begins eVTOL Flights in Florida Under eIPP

Joby Aviation launched piloted eVTOL flights across Florida on Oct 30, 2026, under the federal eIPP program.

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Joby Aviation Begins eVTOL Flights in Florida Under eIPP

Joby Aviation, Inc. has commenced a week-long series of piloted electric air taxi flights across Florida, marking the state’s first operations under the White House-backed eVTOL Integration Pilot Program (eIPP).

The October 30, 2026, inaugural flight retraced the route of the world’s first scheduled commercial airline flight across Tampa Bay, initiating a campaign that will map the initial phase of Florida’s planned Aerial Highway Network. In a press release issued today, the California-based aerospace company confirmed the flight campaign will continue to Orlando International Airport (MCO) and the Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center.

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Retracing aviation history across Tampa Bay

The initial leg of the Joby flight campaign originated at Albert Whitted Airport in St. Petersburg and concluded at Tampa International Airport (TPA). The route was selected to mirror the January 1, 1914, flight by aviation pioneer Tony Jannus, who carried former St. Petersburg Mayor Abe Pheil across Tampa Bay on what is recognized as the world’s first scheduled commercial airline flight.

Joby Aviation Founder and Chief Executive Officer JoeBen Bevirt noted the historical parallel during the launch event, stating that Florida is now helping lead the next generation in aviation just as it made history more than a century ago.

“From Tampa Bay to Orlando and the Space Coast, we’re giving Floridians a glimpse of a future where quiet, all-electric aircraft make it easier and faster to connect the places people live, work and visit. Florida has the vision, the destinations and the ambition to lead this transformation, and we’re proud to work alongside FDOT to turn that vision into reality,” Bevirt said.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) also highlighted the milestone, releasing a statement from Florida Governor Ron DeSantis regarding the state’s role in testing new aerospace technologies.

“This morning, history was made in Tampa Bay with Florida’s first Advanced Air Mobility electric aircraft demonstration flights. From the first commercial airline flight over Tampa Bay in 1914, to today’s AAM demonstrations along that same historic route, Florida has long been a launchpad for new ideas that shape the future of transportation,” DeSantis said.

Florida’s Advanced Air Mobility testing ecosystem

The Joby flights are a core component of the eIPP, a federal initiative announced by the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) in March 2026 to accelerate the safe introduction of electric air taxis into the national airspace system. The program facilitates concurrent testing by multiple manufacturers to gather comprehensive data on infrastructure, acoustics, and air traffic control integration.

Alongside Joby’s operations, BETA Technologies recently completed 14 flights across Florida as a partner in the eIPP project. The BETA flight campaign covered nearly 700 nautical miles using the company’s Alia CX300 electric Conventional Takeoff and Landing (eCTOL) aircraft. Another manufacturer, Electra, is scheduled to conduct flight tests in several locations throughout central Florida in November 2026.

The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has led statewide Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) planning since 2021. In April 2026, Governor DeSantis signed House Bill 1093, legislation that allows FDOT to fund vertiport infrastructure statewide. To further support the sector, FDOT is constructing SunTrax Air, a dedicated AAM test campus located off Interstate 4, with testing planned to begin at the end of 2026.

Joby S4 specifications and commercial roadmap

The Joby S4 is an all-electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft designed to operate as a commercial air taxi. The aircraft is configured to carry one pilot and four passengers at speeds of up to 200 mph, with a maximum range of 100 miles and zero operating emissions.

The Florida operations serve as the final stop on the company’s 2026 “Electric Skies Tour,” a nationwide showcase that previously included piloted flights in the San Francisco Bay Area, New York, and Dallas-Fort Worth. Joby is utilizing the data gathered during the eIPP flight campaign on airport integration, acoustics, and vertiport procedures to move through the final stages of FAA type certification ahead of its planned commercial launch.

Joby’s commercial strategy in Florida is supported by its wholly owned subsidiary, Blade Urban Air Mobility, which has flown passengers between the New York area and South Florida since 2015. In November 2026, Blade is scheduled to relaunch its BLADEone jet service to Miami and Palm Beach in partnership with private jet airline Aero. This partnership provides Joby with an established customer base and existing ground infrastructure in the state as it prepares to transition from testing to commercial eVTOL operations.

AirPro News analysis

The concurrent testing of eVTOL and eCTOL platforms by Joby, BETA, and Electra under the eIPP framework demonstrates a coordinated regulatory push to integrate AAM into complex airspace. By operating at major hubs like Orlando International Airport and Tampa International Airport, these manufacturers are generating the real-world acoustic and operational data the FAA requires to finalize vertiport design standards and air traffic control integration procedures ahead of commercial certification.

Florida’s state-level funding for vertiport infrastructure through FDOT provides a template for how local governments can subsidize the ground infrastructure necessary for AAM networks to scale. We view the combination of federal airspace integration testing and state-level infrastructure funding as a critical de-risking mechanism for operators like Joby, bridging the gap between aircraft certification and commercial viability.

Photo Credit: Joby Aviation

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