Space & Satellites
NASA X-59 Completes 25th Flight, Enters Acoustic Validation
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic aircraft finished initial envelope expansion and moves to acoustic validation for the Quesst mission.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) X-59 quiet supersonic experimental aircraft completed its 25th test flights on August 21, 2026, validating aerodynamic models and clearing the way for the program’s critical acoustic validation phase.
In a press release issued on September 4, 2026, the agency confirmed the milestone marks the conclusion of initial envelope expansion for the centerpiece of the Quesst mission. The X-59 is designed to cruise faster than the speed of sound while producing a muted sonic thump rather than a disruptive sonic boom. Data collected during the upcoming flight phases will be shared with U.S. and international regulators to inform new noise thresholds, which could eventually lead to the lifting of the ban on commercial supersonic flight over land.
Flight envelope expansion and performance
During the 72-minute test flight originating from NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, the X-59 reached a speed of Mach 1.2 and an altitude of 49,000 feet. The flight followed a rapid envelope expansion campaign over the summer. The aircraft achieved its first supersonic flight on June 5, 2026, and reached its target cruise conditions of Mach 1.4 (924 mph) and 55,000 feet on June 12, 2026.
NASA Test Pilot Nils Larson described the test flights as “exciting but uneventful,” noting that the aircraft “likes to fly fast.”
The initial 25 flights focused on proving the airworthiness and baseline performance of the unique airframe, which was built by prime contractor Lockheed Martin and powered by a General Electric GE-F414 engine.
“Through our ongoing flight tests with the X-59, we’ve gained invaluable insights into both the aircraft’s performance and the unique challenges of the aircraft design,” said Cathy Bahm, Project Manager for the NASA Low Boom Flight Demonstrator project. “Each test point has validated our models and predictions, and it has strengthened our confidence in the aircraft’s performance.”
Transitioning to acoustic validation
With baseline performance established, the Quesst mission will now shift focus to measuring the sound produced by the aircraft. During the acoustic validation phase scheduled for later this year, NASA will utilize ground- and air-based tools to measure the sonic thumps generated by the X-59 at supersonic cruise speeds.
The objective is to verify that the physical aircraft meets the low-boom design targets established by computer modeling.
“This is the phase we’ve been working toward,” said Larry Cliatt, Acoustic Validation Technical Lead for the NASA Quesst mission. “Building and flying a brand-new aircraft is an extraordinary accomplishment, but the next phase is where the real research begins.”
Cliatt noted that the acoustic validation campaign will be complex and demanding. The tools and methods used to design the X-59 will be put to the test, potentially forming the foundation for future commercial supersonic aircraft development.
AirPro News analysis
The successful completion of the X-59’s initial flight test phase marks a pivotal transition for the Quesst mission. We view the upcoming acoustic validation phase as the true test of the program’s value to the broader aerospace industry. While building a supersonic demonstrator is a significant engineering feat, the X-59 is fundamentally a data-gathering tool. If the acoustic measurements match NASA’s models, the agency will possess the empirical evidence required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to establish noise-based certification standards. Establishing these standards is the mandatory first step toward opening overland routes to a new generation of commercial supersonic aircraft.
Sources: NASA Quesst Blog
Photo Credit: NASA
Space & Satellites
Reflect Orbital Buys Two Skyroot Launches for Satellite Fleet
Reflect Orbital purchases two dedicated Skyroot Aerospace launches for its sunlight-reflecting satellite constellation, announced Oct. 14, 2026.

Reflect Orbital has secured two dedicated rocket launches from India-based Skyroot Aerospace to deploy its planned constellation of sunlight-reflecting satellites. The agreement, announced on October 14, 2026, provides critical launch capacity for the California startup’s controversial orbital mirror project while marking a major commercial milestone for India’s emerging private space sector.
In a press release issued today, Reflect Orbital confirmed the purchase of the two dedicated missions, which will utilize Skyroot’s Vikram-1 and in-development Vikram-1U launch vehicles. The deal follows the successful maiden orbital flight of the Vikram-1 rocket in July 2026 and comes as commercial satellite operators face a global shortage of available launch capacity.
Securing capacity amid a launch shortage
The commercial space launch market is currently experiencing a capacity bottleneck, driving satellite operators to seek alternative providers outside of established players. Reflect Orbital Co-Founder and CEO Ben Nowack cited this dynamic as a key driver for the agreement.
“There’s a real launch capacity shortage right now,” Nowack said. “We’re excited to work with a new launch provider, Skyroot, to help ensure access to space.”
The first launch under the contract will utilize the Vikram-1, a four-stage small-lift launch vehicle featuring three solid stages and a liquid fourth stage. The Vikram-1 has a payload capacity of 350 kilograms to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The second launch will use the upgraded Vikram-1U variant, which incorporates strap-on boosters to increase the LEO payload capacity to 550 kilograms. Specific financial terms and launch dates for the two missions were not disclosed.
“Reflect Orbital represents the kind of ambitious global space mission the Vikram family is being built to serve. We are pleased to partner with Ben and the Reflect Orbital team across two dedicated launches, providing schedule certainty and mission flexibility.”
The statement was provided by Pawan Kumar Chandana, Co-founder and CEO of Skyroot Aerospace.
The orbital mirror concept and regulatory hurdles
Founded in 2021 and headquartered in Hawthorne, California, Reflect Orbital is developing space-enabled infrastructure designed to redirect sunlight to precise locations on Earth. The company aims to extend electricity generation at solar farms past sunset and provide illumination for search-and-rescue teams and nighttime construction crews. The long-term vision involves operating as many as 50,000 reflector satellites in orbit by 2035.
The concept of placing reflective surfaces in orbit has faced significant pushback from the astronomical community. Organizations including the American Astronomical Society have raised concerns regarding light pollution and potential interference with research telescopes.
Despite these objections, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted Reflect Orbital a license on July 9, 2026, to launch and operate its first demonstration satellite, designated Eärendil-1. The spacecraft will carry an 18-by-18-meter deployable mirror designed to beam concentrated sunlight onto targeted spots on the ground at night. Eärendil-1 is currently manifested to launch on a SpaceX rideshare mission in late 2026.
Addressing the regulatory and scientific concerns, Nowack emphasized the company’s commitment to collaboration. “For decades, the promise of space has been a better life here on Earth; expanding solar energy generation to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and helping save lives in emergency situations follow in that tradition,” Nowack said. “We were recently licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to operate our first spacecraft, and we will continue to work with astronomers, local communities and regulators to earn the right to scale.”
Skyroot’s commercial ascent
For Skyroot Aerospace, the Reflect Orbital contract serves as a critical validation of its commercial viability on the global stage. Founded in 2018 in Hyderabad, India, the company has rapidly advanced its launch vehicle development program.
Skyroot became the first Indian private company to launch a rocket into space with the suborbital flight of Vikram-S in 2022. In May 2026, the company raised nearly $60 million at a $1.1 billion valuation, achieving status as India’s first space-tech unicorn. This financial milestone was followed closely by technical success on July 18, 2026, when the Vikram-1 successfully reached orbit on its maiden flight. The achievement made India the third country, following the United States and China, to demonstrate private orbital launch capability.
AirPro News analysis
This agreement highlights a structural shift in the commercial launch market. As established providers prioritize their own mega-constellations or remain fully booked by government and legacy commercial contracts, emerging satellite operators are forced to look internationally for schedule certainty. For Reflect Orbital, securing dedicated launches mitigates a major programmatic risk as it attempts to scale a highly controversial business model. If the company cannot guarantee access to space, its regulatory victories with the FCC hold little value.
For Skyroot Aerospace, landing a US-based customer so soon after its maiden orbital flight is a strong indicator of market demand for alternative small-lift providers. We view this deal as a mutual de-risking exercise. Reflect Orbital bypasses the rideshare bottleneck for its dedicated constellation deployment, while Skyroot secures an anchor tenant to justify the development costs of its upgraded Vikram-1U vehicle.
Photo Credit: Reflect Orbital
Space & Satellites
SpaceX CRS-35 Delivers Final iROSA Arrays to ISS
SpaceX Dragon docked to the ISS on Oct. 15, 2026, delivering the last two iROSA arrays to complete the station’s power upgrade.

The Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) Dragon cargo spacecraft autonomously docked to the International Space Station (ISS) on October 15, 2026, delivering the final set of upgraded solar arrays required to complete a multi-year power modernization program for the orbital laboratory.
According to a press release from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the 35th Commercial Resupply Services mission (CRS-35) delivered more than 6,300 pounds of scientific equipment, supplies, and hardware to the Expedition 75 crew. The payload includes the seventh and eighth International Space Station Roll-Out Solar Arrays (iROSA), which are expected to increase the station’s electric power generation capacity by up to 30 percent once fully installed.
Autonomous docking and cargo delivery
The mission commenced on October 13, 2026, when a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launched the Dragon spacecraft from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. Lift-off occurred at 6:33 a.m. EDT. Following a two-day orbital transit, the spacecraft autonomously docked to the space-facing port of the ISS Harmony module at 11:00 a.m. EDT on October 15, 2026.
The 6,300 pounds of cargo includes critical hardware for advanced biomedical research. NASA highlighted that the scientific investigations aboard the Dragon spacecraft will support studies into the manufacturing of artificial retinas and the growth of heart tissues in microgravity environments. These experiments rely on the continuous power and stable microgravity conditions provided by the orbital outpost.
Completing the orbital power upgrade
The delivery of the final two iROSA units marks the concluding phase of an infrastructure upgrade program that began in June 2021. The initiative was designed to augment the station’s aging original solar arrays, which have degraded over more than two decades of exposure to the space environment.
Six arrays were previously installed during a series of spacewalks conducted between 2021 and 2023. The CRS-35 mission transported the seventh and eighth arrays stowed inside the unpressurized trunk of the Dragon spacecraft. Once these final arrays are extracted and integrated into the station’s truss structure, the total available power for the ISS will increase to between 160 and 215 kilowatts.
NASA astronaut Anil Menon and Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Joshua Kutryk are scheduled to conduct U.S. spacewalks 100 and 101 to complete the installation. The exact dates for these extravehicular activities remain pending.
Expedition 75 operations and commercial resupply context
The arrival of the CRS-35 cargo mission follows a recent crew rotation on the station. On October 1, 2026, the SpaceX Crew-13 mission reached the ISS, bringing Menon, Kutryk, and NASA astronauts Jessica Watkins and Luke Delaney to begin their six-month research mission as part of Expedition 75. The previous Crew-12 quartet departed the station on October 7, 2026, clearing the docking ports and schedule for upcoming cargo operations.
SpaceX operates as a primary provider for NASA’s Commercial Resupply Services program. The agency also contracts with Northrop Grumman, utilizing its Cygnus spacecraft, and Sierra Space, utilizing its Dream Chaser spaceplane, for cargo delivery. These commercial partnerships ensure a continuous national capability to deliver scientific research and critical supplies to the ISS, significantly increasing the ability of NASA to conduct new investigations.
AirPro News analysis
The delivery of the final iROSA arrays represents the culmination of a critical infrastructure project for the ISS. As the station operates through its final planned years, maximizing electrical power generation is essential to support the increasing volume of commercial and government research payloads. We view the successful deployment of these final arrays as a necessary step to maintain the station’s viability and research output capacity. The completion of this power upgrade ensures the orbital laboratory can meet the energy demands of advanced microgravity research through the end of its operational lifecycle.
Photo Credit: NASA
Space & Satellites
Agile Space Industries Expands to Bellevue Washington
Agile Space Industries opens a Bellevue, WA office amid 40% annual growth, a Colorado HQ expansion, and a $36M Oklahoma test center.

Agile Space Industries is establishing a new office in Bellevue, Washington, positioning the in-space propulsion manufacturer to recruit from the Pacific Northwest’s established aerospace engineering talent pool.
The expansion, announced in an October 2026 press release, follows a period of rapid scaling for the company, which has recorded year-over-year growth exceeding 40 percent for the past three years. The Bellevue location adds to a growing national footprint designed to meet surging demand for chemical propulsion systems in the commercial space, lunar exploration, and defense sectors.
Scaling operations across multiple states
The move into the Seattle metropolitan area is part of a broader infrastructure build-out for Agile Space Industries. By the end of 2026, the company expects its business to have grown more than four-fold compared to 2022 levels. To support this trajectory, the manufacturer recently completed a 20,500-square-foot expansion of its headquarters in Durango, Colorado.
The August 2026 Durango expansion doubled the facility’s footprint to 40,000 square feet. This additional space is dedicated to increasing manufacturing capacity for the company’s 3D-printed thrusters and supporting a growing workforce. During the ribbon-cutting ceremony for the Colorado site, Agile Space Industries CEO Chris Pearson highlighted the strategic nature of the company’s geographic spread.
“The opening of the expanded Durango facility is crucial to support our continued growth. By year-end, the business will have grown more than four-fold since 2022, and the expanded footprint shows our commitment to our HQ here in Colorado while growing our presence in Oklahoma and Washington.”
Concurrently, the company is developing a $36 million hot-fire rocket engine testing center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Located on 20 acres adjacent to Tulsa International Airport (TUL), the facility will support testing requirements for NASA, the US Department of Defense, and commercial space operators. The Tulsa site adds dedicated infrastructure for the rigorous qualification processes required for in-space propulsion systems.
Leadership changes and propulsion market context
The Bellevue office announcement follows a recent leadership transition aimed at managing the company’s rapid scaling. In late September 2026, Agile Space Industries appointed Jason Wright as President. Wright brings 25 years of aerospace experience to the role, including previous tenure at Lockheed Martin. He is tasked with steering the organization toward its goal of quintupling 2022 revenue by the end of the current year.
Agile Space Industries specializes in designing, 3D printing, and testing chemical propulsion systems that operate on hydrazine and hydrazine-based constituents. The company differentiates itself in the competitive space propulsion market through rapid design iteration and extensive in-house testing capabilities. Engineers at the firm have conducted over 8,000 hot-fire tests to date, a metric that underscores the company’s focus on empirical validation.
The manufacturer gained significant industry traction in April 2023 when it qualified its A110 bipropellant thruster for lunar landers. This milestone marked the first US-built thruster qualified for lunar landers since the Apollo program. Following the qualification, the company secured agreements to supply thrusters for lunar vehicles developed by Astrobotic, ispace, and Masten Space Systems.
Financial backing has accelerated this industrial expansion. In February 2026, Agile Space Industries raised $17 million in an oversubscribed Series A funding round. This capital injection has directly supported the company’s hiring initiatives. As of September 2026, the company employed 167 people across four states, having added 77 employees over the preceding 12 months. The new Bellevue office is expected to further accelerate this headcount growth by tapping into Washington’s deep reservoir of aerospace engineering talent.
Photo Credit: Agile Space Industries
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