Regulations & Safety
NTSB Urges FAA to Update Runway Condition Assessment Matrix for Heavy Rain
NTSB recommends FAA revise runway condition assessments and expand rainfall reporting after 11 runway overruns linked to heavy rain from 2008 to 2022.

This article is based on an official press release from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).
On May 26, 2026, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) issued a press release urging the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to overhaul how runway conditions are assessed during heavy rainfall. The safety board warns that the current framework leaves flight crews vulnerable to runway overruns by failing to capture the true impact of severe weather on aircraft braking performance.
Stemming from investigations into 11 runway overrun accidents and incidents that occurred on wet runways between 2008 and 2022, the NTSB has issued three new safety recommendations. These directives focus on updating the Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM) and expanding aviation weather reporting standards to better equip pilots with accurate data.
According to the NTSB, the current system fails to adequately account for the progressive loss of wheel braking friction as rainfall intensity increases. This creates a critical blind spot for pilots and dispatchers when calculating safe landing distances during intense storms.
The Limitations of Current Weather Reporting and RCAM
The RCAM is a standardized framework utilized by airport operators and flight crews to evaluate and report runway surface conditions. As noted in the NTSB release, it plays a vital role in calculating required landing distances, particularly on wet or contaminated runways.
However, the NTSB’s Aviation Investigation Report 26-04 (AIR-26-04), titled “Accounting for the Progressive Decrease in Runway Friction Associated with Increasing Rainfall Intensity,” highlights a significant flaw. The current matrix does not factor in the progressive decrease in runway friction that correlates with heavier rainfall.
Expanding Rainfall Descriptors
Currently, aviation weather reports cap the “heavy rain” threshold at 0.3 inches per hour. The NTSB points out that this limitation prevents flight crews from accurately assessing runway slipperiness when rainfall exceeds this rate.
To address this, the NTSB recommends that the FAA add new rainfall intensity descriptors to aviation weather reports. This would allow pilots to identify rainfall rates that surpass the 0.3 inches per hour mark, enabling more accurate landing distance calculations and better aeronautical decision-making.
Case Study: Miami Air International Flight 293
The NTSB’s recommendations are heavily informed by historical data, notably the crash of Miami Air International Flight 293. On May 3, 2019, a Boeing 737-81Q carrying 142 passengers and crew overran ungrooved runway 10 at Jacksonville Naval Air Station in Florida, coming to rest in the shallow waters of the St. Johns River.
While there were no serious injuries, the aircraft sustained substantial damage. The NTSB investigation determined that the probable cause was directly linked to the runway conditions and the intensity of the precipitation.
Extreme Conditions and Pilot Decision-Making
Crucially, the NTSB found that rainfall intensities during the Miami Air incident were two to eight times higher than the FAA’s heavy rain threshold of 0.3 inches per hour.
“an extreme loss of braking friction due to heavy rain and the water depth on the ungrooved runway, which resulted in viscous hydroplaning”
In its official report, the NTSB attributed the above cause to the Jacksonville overrun. The safety board noted that under such extreme conditions, braking effectiveness is reduced so severely that pilots should not even attempt to land.
NTSB’s Three Core Recommendations
Based on these findings, the NTSB has formally issued three safety recommendations to the FAA to mitigate future risks and improve operational safety.
First, the FAA must revise the RCAM to account for the progressive decrease in the wheel braking friction coefficient associated with increasing rainfall intensity. The NTSB advises that progressively higher rainfall intensities should correspond to progressively lower runway condition codes.
Second, as previously noted, the FAA should expand rainfall intensity descriptors in aviation weather reports to capture data beyond the current 0.3 inches per hour maximum.
Third, the NTSB emphasizes the need to improve flight crew awareness. By providing a broader range of descriptors, pilots will be better equipped to associate heavy rainfall with lower runway condition codes, preventing the dangerous underestimation of required landing distances.
AirPro News analysis
We view these recommendations as a necessary and overdue evolution in aviation safety protocols. If the FAA adopts these changes, it will fundamentally alter how pilots and dispatchers calculate landing performance during severe weather events, likely leading to an increase in weather-related diversions but a significant decrease in runway excursions.
The NTSB’s findings underscore that pilots are currently forced to make critical landing decisions based on incomplete weather data. Providing accurate descriptors for extreme rain will empower flight crews to confidently divert flights rather than risk a catastrophic runway overrun. Furthermore, the specific mention of an “ungrooved runway” in the Miami Air case highlights the ongoing need for airports to evaluate their infrastructure. The interaction between pavement types (grooved versus ungrooved) and heavy rainfall remains a critical variable in RCAM calculations that airport operators must prioritize.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the RCAM?
The Runway Condition Assessment Matrix (RCAM) is a standardized framework used by airport operators and flight crews to assess and report runway surface conditions. It is essential for calculating safe landing distances.
Why is the NTSB recommending changes to the RCAM?
The NTSB found that the current RCAM and weather reporting standards do not adequately account for the progressive loss of braking friction during rainfall that exceeds 0.3 inches per hour, leading pilots to underestimate required landing distances.
How many accidents prompted this NTSB report?
The NTSB based its recommendations on data gathered from investigations into 11 runway overrun accidents and incidents that occurred on wet runways between 2008 and 2022.
Sources
Photo Credit: NTSB
Regulations & Safety
FAA Opens $40M ATC Manufacturing Facility in Maryland
The FAA opened a $40M Rohde & Schwarz USA plant in Frederick, MD to produce VoIP switches for national ATC modernization by 2028.

On August 25, 2026, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) inaugurated a new $40 million manufacturing facility in Frederick, Maryland, dedicated to producing digital Voice over IP (VoIP) switches for the nation’s air traffic control network.
The 87,000-square-foot plant, operated by Rohde & Schwarz USA, represents a critical node in the FAA’s aggressive timeline to complete a nationwide air traffic control modernization overhaul by the end of 2028. According to an agency press release, the facility will build the CERTIUM Voice Communication System (VCS) to facilitate communication between air traffic controllers, pilots, and other control facilities.
Accelerating Air Traffic Control Modernization
The modernization effort is backed by a $12.5 billion down payment from the Working Families Tax Cut. U.S. Transportation Secretary Sean P. Duffy and FAA Administrator Bryan Bedford attended the opening to highlight the administration’s focus on domestic Manufacturing for critical aviation Infrastructure.
“Under President Trump, we aren’t just modernizing our skies at record speed—we’re putting American workers, American manufacturing, and American innovation first,” Duffy stated. “We’re making sure our air traffic control system is American made.”
Bedford emphasized the strict timeline driving the agency’s current procurement Strategy. He noted that the new facility supports the aggressive schedule to complete the new system by the end of 2028 while strengthening domestic production capabilities and creating high-quality jobs. Bedford described the equipment as a critical part of the landmark modernization effort.
Infrastructure Overhaul and Deployment Milestones
The opening of the Frederick plant follows a year of rapid infrastructure deployment by the FAA. The agency recently completed Wave 1 of its nationwide CERTIUM VCS deployment ahead of schedule. This milestone was marked by the installation of the 140th system at the Rapid City Regional Airport (RAP) control tower in South Dakota.
Beyond voice communication systems, the FAA has executed a massive infrastructure overhaul over the past year. The agency reports that 63 percent of legacy copper wires in air traffic control facilities nationwide have been replaced with high-speed fiber, 5G wireless, or Low Earth Orbit (LEO) capabilities.
Additional upgrades completed over the past year include the conversion of 388 radio sites and the installation of 176 IP voice switches. The FAA also deployed Surface Awareness Initiative technology at 96 towers, transitioned 21 towers to electronic flight strips, installed SMR4 Surface Movement Radars at five Airports, and added nine new Tower Simulation systems for controller Training.
AirPro News analysis
The opening of the Rohde & Schwarz USA facility in Maryland underscores a strategic shift toward localizing the supply chain for critical aviation infrastructure. By anchoring the production of digital VoIP switches domestically, the FAA mitigates supply chain risks that have historically delayed large-scale aerospace and infrastructure projects. We view the $12.5 billion funding injection as a substantial catalyst, though the 2028 completion target remains highly ambitious given the historical complexities of integrating new technologies into the national airspace system without disrupting active operations.
Sources: Federal Aviation Administration
Photo Credit: Federal Aviation Administration
Regulations & Safety
Global Aerospace Issues Hangar Foam Suppression Safety Guidelines
Global Aerospace updates hangar fire suppression guidelines, citing 200+ accidental foam discharges and the shift to PFAS-free alternatives.

Global Aerospace has issued updated safety and risk mitigation guidelines for aviation hangar fire suppression systems, highlighting the severe financial and environmental toll of accidental foam discharges. The aviation insurer published the comprehensive best practices on August 24, 2026, detailing the industry transition toward alternative fire protection technologies.
The guidance arrives alongside the introduction of the 2026 edition of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 409. This updated standard governs hangar fire protection and introduces critical changes to align requirements with modern aircraft design and growing environmental concerns regarding chemical suppressants.
The financial and human cost of accidental discharges
Fire suppression standards established in the mid-1970s heavily prioritized foam systems to combat large fuel-spill fires. However, Global Aerospace reports that these systems frequently cause more damage than the fires they are designed to prevent. Over the last two decades, more than 200 unnecessary foam discharges have occurred in aviation facilities.
These accidental activations have resulted in tens of millions of dollars in total damages, with the average per-incident cost reaching hundreds of thousands of dollars. Beyond property damage to aircraft and hangar infrastructure, accidental discharges pose severe life-safety risks to personnel.
The insurer cited a fatal 2014 incident at Eglin Air Force Base as a primary example of these hazards. Following a broken sprinkler pipe, the hangar filled with approximately 17 feet of foam in minutes, resulting in the death of one contractor.
Shifting standards and environmental-impact liabilities
Aviation insurers are increasingly processing claims that extend beyond immediate property damage to include long-term health risks and environmental restoration. This liability shift is largely driven by the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in older aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF).
To mitigate these chemical risks, the aviation industry is actively transitioning toward fluorine-free foams and alternative fire suppression technologies. Global Aerospace highlighted the growing adoption of ignitable liquid drainage floor assemblies and optical flame detection systems, such as multi-spectrum infrared detectors. These alternatives eliminate hazardous chemicals and significantly reduce the likelihood of false alarms.
While the 2026 edition of NFPA 409 provides the framework for these modern systems, the updated standards must be adopted by local fire marshals before facilities can implement the changes.
Operational risk mitigation strategies
For facilities still operating legacy high-expansion foam (HEF) or AFFF systems, Global Aerospace recommends strict operational protocols to minimize the risk and impact of an accidental discharge. The insurer advises operators to protect all aircraft openings and secure sensitive electronics during maintenance operations.
In the event of a discharge, the guidelines stress the importance of keeping hangar doors closed to contain the foam and prevent environmental contamination outside the facility. Additionally, Global Aerospace recommends conducting all system testing and maintenance during off-hours to limit personnel exposure and operational disruption.
AirPro News analysis
The publication of these guidelines by a major aviation insurer underscores a broader industry reality: insurance providers are often the primary catalyst for operational safety upgrades. While regulatory bodies like the NFPA set the baseline standards, the financial pressure of uninsurable environmental liabilities tied to PFAS contamination is forcing hangar operators to modernize. We expect the transition to optical flame detection and drainage floor assemblies to accelerate rapidly as insurers begin pricing the risk of legacy foam systems out of the market.
Sources: Global Aerospace
Photo Credit: Global Aerospace
Regulations & Safety
NTSB Preliminary Report: Ryanair 737-800 Engine Failure
NTSB confirms fan-blade-out on Ryanair 737-800 shattered cabin window, partially ejecting a passenger during climb from Thessaloniki.

This is a developing story. Information may change as official details are released.
This is original reporting and analysis by AirPro News.
On August 13, 2026, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) issued its preliminary report on a July 10 uncontained engine failure aboard a Ryanair Boeing 737-800, confirming that a fan-blade-out event shattered a cabin window and caused a rapid decompression. The incident resulted in a 61-year-old male passenger being partially pulled through the shattered window before being secured by fellow passengers.
The event occurred during climb out from Thessaloniki International Airport (SKG) in Greece. The flight, operated by Ryanair subsidiary Malta Air, was bound for Memmingen, Germany (FMM). The NTSB is currently investigating potential similarities between this event and a fatal 2018 engine failure, while the agency has also publicly addressed premature speculation regarding the cause by Ryanair leadership.
Flight 1879 rapid decompression
According to the NTSB preliminary report, the Boeing 737-800 was climbing when the right-hand CFM56-7B engine experienced a fan-blade-out event. Debris from the engine struck the fuselage and shattered a window at row 11. The resulting rapid decompression pulled a passenger partially outside the aircraft. The passenger sustained neck and shoulder injuries as well as friction burns, but no fatalities occurred.
Reporting by The Air Current indicates the failure happened at an altitude of approximately 15,000 feet. Passengers described a sudden and violent disruption to the flight. A passenger told AP News that the cabin was quiet before a loud noise resembling a bursting tire occurred, adding that they knew immediately the aircraft had lost pressure due to the sudden loss of altitude.
Initial reports following the July 10 incident suggested the failure occurred in the airspace of the Republic of North Macedonia. However, flight path analysis confirmed the event took place in Greek airspace. The Hellenic Air and Rail Safety Investigation Authority officially delegated the investigation to the NTSB on July 16, 2026.
Maintenance history and preliminary findings
The NTSB preliminary report notes that bird remains were found inside the damaged engine. Flight crews had reported four suspected bird strikes to the aircraft’s number two engine in the 12 months preceding the accident. The report states that bird remains were found in two of those previous cases.
Maintenance records indicate that the fan blades on the failed right engine underwent ultrasonic inspections in November 2025 and May 2026. No damage was found during either inspection. The official cause of the July 10 failure remains under investigation by the NTSB, with participation from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Boeing, and CFM International, a joint venture between GE Aerospace and Safran.
Regulatory protocols and historical precedent
The investigation has generated friction between the NTSB and Ryanair regarding public communications. On August 7, 2026, NTSB Chair Jennifer Homendy issued a letter to Ryanair CEO Michael O’Leary after he told investors the investigation was focused on foreign object damage rather than aircraft age or maintenance. Homendy stated that the NTSB had made no such determination and noted that O’Leary’s comments violated International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 13 protocols governing accident investigations.
The aviation industry is closely monitoring the investigation due to the aircraft and engine types involved. The Air Current reported that the event closely mirrors the April 2018 Southwest Airlines flight 1380 uncontained engine failure, which also involved a Boeing 737-700 and a CFM56-7B engine. That incident resulted in one passenger fatality after a shattered window caused partial ejection, leading the FAA to mandate engine inlet redesigns by July 2028.
The NTSB addressed the historical context directly in its preliminary report:
The investigative team is aware of previous … events with similar engine models that resulted in damage to engine inlets or cowlings and fuselage structures. Determination of any relevant similarities or details between this accident and previous events remains under investigation.
AirPro News analysis
We observe that the public rebuke of a major airline CEO by the NTSB is a rare and significant enforcement of ICAO Annex 13 communication protocols. Operators typically defer entirely to the investigating authority to avoid compromising the integrity of an active probe. The NTSB’s swift correction underscores the agency’s zero-tolerance policy for operator speculation, particularly when an event involves high-profile safety concerns like uncontained engine failures.
The CFM56-7B is one of the most widely used commercial aviation engines in the world. Any investigation involving a fan-blade-out event on this powerplant will naturally draw intense regulatory scrutiny, especially given the precedent set by the 2018 Southwest Airlines accident. While the discovery of bird remains introduces foreign object damage as a variable, we expect investigators will rigorously examine the efficacy of the ultrasonic inspections conducted in November 2025 and May 2026 to understand how the blade failure propagated.
Sources: National Transportation Safety Board
Photo Credit: NTSB
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