Sustainable Aviation
Neste and United Airlines Expand Sustainable Aviation Fuel Use at US Airports
Neste and United Airlines extend their SAF partnership to three major US hubs, enhancing sustainable aviation with existing infrastructure integration.
Neste and United Airlines Deepen Partnership to Expand SAF Usage Across Major US Hubs
The aviation industry is navigating a critical juncture in its quest for sustainability, with a collective goal to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Central to this ambition is the adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), a renewable alternative that holds the potential to significantly decarbonize air travel. Unlike conventional jet fuel derived from fossil sources, SAF is produced from renewable raw materials like used cooking oil and agricultural residues. This shift is not merely an environmental aspiration but an operational imperative, as airlines and fuel producers collaborate to build a viable market for lower-emission fuels. The journey is complex, marked by challenges in production scale, cost, and infrastructure, yet it is being propelled forward by strategic partnerships and supportive government policies.
In a significant move that underscores this industry-wide momentum, Neste, the world’s leading producer of SAF, and United Airlines have announced a major expansion of their partnership. This collaboration is set to introduce SAF to three new major U.S. airports, marking a tangible step in making sustainable air travel more widespread. The agreement highlights a shared commitment to reducing the carbon footprint of aviation and demonstrates the growing demand for renewable fuel solutions. By scaling up the availability of SAF at key hubs, both companies are not only advancing their corporate sustainability goals but also signaling to the broader market that the infrastructure for a greener future in aviation is actively being built. This partnership serves as a crucial case study in how collaboration can accelerate the transition to more sustainable energy sources within a hard-to-abate sector.
Expanding the Footprint: SAF Lands at Three New Hubs
The core of the announcement is the introduction of Neste’s MY Sustainable Aviation Fuelâ„¢ at three key United Airlines hubs: George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) in Houston, Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR), and Dulles International Airport (IAD). This makes United the first commercial airline to use SAF at these airports, representing a notable “first-mover” achievement in the industry. The fuel, produced from 100% renewable raw materials, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80% over its lifecycle compared to traditional jet fuel when used in its pure form. For practical application, the neat SAF is blended with conventional jet fuel to meet stringent aviation specifications before being used in commercial flights.
The logistics of this expansion are as important as the fuel itself. Neste is delivering the SAF to the airports through existing pipeline infrastructure from its terminal facilities in Houston. This detail is critical, as it demonstrates that SAF can be integrated into the current fuel distribution systems without requiring massive, cost-prohibitive investments in new infrastructure. The delivery timeline has been staggered, with supplies to Houston’s IAH beginning in July 2025 and continuing through October 2025. Deliveries to Newark and Dulles commenced in September 2025 and are scheduled to run until the end of the year. This phased rollout allows for a managed integration of the new fuel supply into the airports’ operational workflows.
This latest agreement builds upon a pre-existing relationship between the two companies. Neste had already been supplying SAF to United at San Francisco International Airport (SFO) and Chicago O’Hare International Airport (ORD) since August 2024. The decision to expand to three more hubs reflects a successful initial phase and a mutual confidence in the scalability of the SAF market. Both companies have been vocal about the importance of a supportive policy environment, citing state-level incentives like California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) and Illinois’ SAF Purchase Credit as key enablers for their earlier collaborations.
“Introducing sustainable aviation fuel for the first time at our hubs in Houston, Newark, and Dulles is another significant milestone in United’s sustainability journey,” stated Lauren Riley, United’s Chief Sustainability Officer.
The Broader Context: Policy, Production, and a Push for Scale
The Neste-United partnership does not exist in a vacuum. It is emblematic of a broader trend fueled by a combination of corporate strategy and significant government support. The U.S. government has identified SAF as a critical component of its decarbonization strategy, rolling out powerful incentives to stimulate domestic production. Policies like the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which offers a tax credit of up to $1.75 per gallon, and the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) are designed to make SAF more cost-competitive with conventional jet fuel, which remains a primary barrier to widespread adoption. The White House’s “SAF Grand Challenge” further solidifies this commitment, setting an ambitious goal to scale U.S. production to 3 billion gallons by 2030.
These incentives are having a clear impact on the market. Projections show the U.S. SAF market is on a trajectory of rapid growth, with some forecasts predicting its value could rise from approximately $259 million in 2023 to over $2.2 billion by 2031. Production capacity is also expanding, with projections indicating a significant leap in output by the end of 2024. Neste itself is a major player in this expansion, with a current global SAF production capability of 1.5 million tons annually and plans to increase that to 2.2 million tons by 2027.
Despite the positive momentum, industry leaders are quick to point out that the work is far from over. In their joint announcement, both Neste and United emphasized the continued need for robust policy support. Carl Nyberg, Senior Vice President at Neste, noted the importance of more states enacting “proven incentive policy frameworks to accelerate the production of SAF.” This sentiment was echoed by United’s Lauren Riley, who stressed that the growth of the SAF market requires ongoing support from both state and federal governments to create sensible market incentives. Their statements highlight a crucial reality: while the technology and raw materials for SAF exist, its journey to becoming a mainstream aviation fuel is deeply intertwined with the policy landscape that governs it.
Conclusion: A Partnership Fueling the Future
The expanded agreement between Neste and United Airlines is more than just a supply deal; it is a clear indicator of the aviation industry’s evolving approach to sustainability. By bringing SAF to major hubs on the East Coast and in the South, the partnership makes a tangible impact on the availability of lower-emission fuel options and sets a precedent for other airlines to follow. The use of existing infrastructure is a particularly vital proof point, demonstrating that the transition to SAF can be more seamless and economically viable than often assumed. It reinforces the idea that progress can be made through practical, incremental steps that leverage current assets.
Looking ahead, the success of this and similar initiatives will depend heavily on the synergy between corporate action and government policy. The calls from both Neste and United for continued and expanded policy support underscore the fact that the SAF market is still in a nascent, growth-dependent phase. As production scales up and technology advances, the cost differential between SAF and conventional jet fuel is expected to narrow, but government incentives remain the critical bridge to get there. This partnership serves as a powerful model for how the private and public sectors can collaborate to tackle one of the most significant environmental challenges of our time, moving the entire aviation industry closer to its goal of a net-zero future.
FAQ
Question: What is Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)?
Answer: SAF is a renewable fuel used in commercial aviation that is produced from renewable sources such as used cooking oil, animal fat waste, and agricultural residues. It can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional fossil-based jet fuel.
Question: Which new airports will receive SAF under the expanded Neste and United Airlines partnership?
Answer: The new agreement includes George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) in Houston, Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR), and Dulles International Airport (IAD).
Question: How much can Neste’s SAF reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
Answer: In its neat (100% concentrated) form, Neste MY Sustainable Aviation Fuelâ„¢ can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80% over its life cycle compared to fossil jet fuel.
Question: Is new infrastructure needed to handle SAF at airports?
Answer: No, a key advantage highlighted by this partnership is that the SAF is delivered to the airports using existing pipeline infrastructure, where it is then blended with conventional jet fuel.
Sources
Photo Credit: Neste
Sustainable Aviation
U.S. Advances Sustainable Aviation Fuel Initiative with 2030 Targets
U.S. agencies collaborate to scale sustainable aviation fuel production to 3 billion gallons by 2030, aiming to cut emissions and boost energy security.
This article is based on an official press release from the U.S. Department of Energy.
U.S. Government Accelerates Sustainable Aviation Fuel Initiative to Meet 2030 Goals
The push to decarbonize the aerospace sector is entering a critical execution phase. Through a formalized Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Department of Transportation (DOT), and the Department of Agriculture (USDA) have united to drive the Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Initiative. Originally launched in September 2021 as the SAF Grand Challenge, this government-wide effort aims to scale up domestic production, enhance national energy security, and revitalize rural agricultural economies.
Sustainable aviation fuel is a synthesized, “drop-in” hydrocarbon fuel derived from renewable or waste materials rather than traditional petroleum. Because it requires no modifications to existing aircraft engines or fueling infrastructure, federal agencies and industry leaders view it as the most viable near-term solution for reducing aviation emissions. According to the DOE, the initiative targets a minimum 50% reduction in lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional jet fuel.
As we move through 2026, the transition from foundational planning to active infrastructure expansion is well underway. With ambitious production targets looming at the end of the decade, the coordinated federal strategy is deploying hundreds of millions in grant funding to bridge the gap between current supply and future demand.
Core Objectives and Federal Investments
Time-Bound Production Targets
The SAF Initiative is anchored by two primary production milestones. According to official DOE and DOT frameworks, the near-term objective is to scale domestic SAF production to 3 billion gallons per year by 2030. Looking further ahead, the long-term goal is to produce enough SAF to meet 100% of domestic aviation fuel demand by 2050, a figure the agencies estimate will reach approximately 35 billion gallons annually.
Biomass Potential and Feedstock Diversity
To meet these massive volume requirements, the initiative relies on a diverse array of approved feedstocks, including corn grain, oil seeds, forestry residues, municipal solid waste, and agricultural byproducts. Data from the DOE’s 2023 Billion-Ton Report indicates that the United States possesses the capacity to triple its biomass production to over 1 billion tons per year. The DOE projects that this volume could yield an estimated 60 billion gallons of liquid biofuels, providing more than enough raw material to satisfy the 2050 aviation demand projections.
Infrastructure and Grant Funding
Federal financial backing has been crucial to moving these targets from paper to production. In January 2025, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) announced $249 million in grants through the Fueling Aviation’s Sustainable Transition (FAST) program. This capital injection, funded by a $297 million appropriation to the DOT under the Inflation Reduction Act, is specifically earmarked for domestic SAF production, transportation, and storage infrastructure.
These investments are already yielding tangible geographic expansions. Historically, U.S. SAF supply networks were heavily concentrated on the West Coast. However, federal progress reports note that by early 2025, new supply terminals successfully reached the U.S. East Coast, significantly broadening access for commercial and private aviation hubs nationwide.
“Over the past three years, as this Department has worked alongside our partners in the administration and in the private sector, we’ve made measurable progress in reducing emissions and making our skies cleaner while also growing the economy and creating good-paying jobs.”
Commercial Adoption and Global Context
Airlines Ramp Up Utilization
Commercial airlines are the ultimate end-users of this federal push, and recent data shows a marked increase in adoption, despite ongoing supply constraints. In April 2026, Delta Air Lines reported consuming 23.4 million gallons of SAF throughout 2025. According to the airline’s sustainability disclosures, this represents an 80% increase from the 13 million gallons utilized in 2024.
“Delta’s goal of using 10% SAF by 2030 remains real. Every day, we’re working across our business, industry and the SAF value chain for meaningful impact – and we’re making solid progress.”
International Regulatory Momentum
The U.S. SAF Initiative does not exist in a vacuum; it operates alongside tightening global regulations. In 2025, the European Union’s ReFuelEU Aviation mandate took effect, legally requiring fuel suppliers to blend a minimum percentage of SAF at EU airports. Concurrently, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established a global framework targeting a 5% reduction in the carbon intensity of international aviation fuels by 2030. These international pressures ensure that U.S. airlines operating globally must secure reliable SAF supply chains to remain compliant.
AirPro News analysis
We observe that the narrative surrounding the SAF Initiative has fundamentally shifted over the past two years. While the 2021 Grand Challenge was primarily framed around climate goals and decarbonization, the 2026 landscape, highlighted by reports like the World Economic Forum’s Global Aviation Sustainability Outlook 2026, positions SAF equally as a matter of national energy security. By utilizing domestic agricultural and municipal waste, the U.S. is actively attempting to insulate its aviation sector from volatile foreign oil markets.
However, significant hurdles remain. While Delta’s 80% year-over-year usage increase is commendable, 23.4 million gallons is a drop in the bucket compared to the 3-billion-gallon target set for 2030. The January 2025 SAF Grand Challenge Progress Report and the November 2024 Roadmap Implementation Framework both acknowledge persistent gaps in technology scaling and supply chain logistics. For the DOE, DOT, and USDA, the next four years will be a race against time to ensure that feedstock processing and refinery capacities can match the aggressive timelines they have mandated.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- What is Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)?
SAF is a renewable, “drop-in” alternative to conventional petroleum-based jet fuel. It is synthesized from waste materials, biomass, and agricultural residues, and can be used in existing aircraft without engine modifications. - What are the primary goals of the U.S. SAF Initiative?
The initiative aims to achieve a 50% reduction in lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, produce 3 billion gallons of SAF annually by 2030, and scale up to 35 billion gallons by 2050 to meet 100% of domestic aviation demand. - Which federal agencies are leading this effort?
The initiative is a collaborative effort governed by a Memorandum of Understanding between the Department of Energy (DOE), the Department of Transportation (DOT), and the Department of Agriculture (USDA). - How is the government funding this transition?
Funding is being deployed through various channels, notably including $249 million in FAA FAST program grants announced in January 2025, which were funded by the Inflation Reduction Act.
Sources: U.S. Department of Energy
Photo Credit: U.S. Department of Energy
Sustainable Aviation
AeroDelft Conducts First Hydrogen Aircraft Taxi Tests in Netherlands
AeroDelft’s student team completed the first hydrogen-powered aircraft taxi tests at Rotterdam The Hague Airport, advancing sustainable aviation.
This article is based on an official press release from AeroDelft.
In late May 2026, the student-led engineering team AeroDelft achieved a significant milestone in sustainability aviation. According to an official press release from the organization, the team successfully conducted the first-ever taxi tests of a hydrogen-powered aircraft at an operational airport in the Netherlands. The tests took place at Rotterdam The Hague Airport (RTHA) and represent a critical transition from laboratory research to real-world application.
The comprehensive testing phase included hydrogen refueling operations, powertrain evaluations, and active taxi tests using gaseous hydrogen. By executing these procedures in a live commercial airport environment, AeroDelft and its partners gathered essential data on both the aircraft’s technological performance and the operational protocols required to safely handle hydrogen on an active tarmac.
This achievement is the culmination of extensive engineering and preparation. As noted in the team’s announcement, bringing a hydrogen aircraft to an operational airport required rigorous safety analyses, detailed operational planning, and close collaboration among multiple aviation and energy stakeholders.
Advancing Project Phoenix
From Laboratory to Tarmac
AeroDelft, a non-profit foundation run entirely by Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) students, has been developing “Project Phoenix” since 2018. According to supplementary research data, the initiative focuses on converting a Sling 4 airframe into a manned hydrogen-electric aircraft. Industry research highlights that in May 2025, AeroDelft became the first student team globally to test a full liquid hydrogen propulsion system in a lab setting, working alongside the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO).
Safety and Operational Planning
Operating an experimental aircraft at a commercial facility demands strict safety measures. According to project data, AeroDelft developed comprehensive risk analyses and an operational taxi test plan. This was achieved in close collaboration with research test pilots Alexander in ‘t Veld and Hans Mulder from TU Delft’s Flight Test Laboratory, ensuring that the live tests at RTHA’s Fieldlab Next Aviation facility met stringent aviation safety standards.
Technical Specifications and Infrastructure
Gaseous vs. Liquid Hydrogen
The recent taxi tests utilized gaseous hydrogen. While AeroDelft’s ultimate objective is to achieve flight using liquid hydrogen, gaseous hydrogen was selected for this phase due to its current technological maturity. Based on technical specifications provided in the research report, the single-seat converted aircraft uses a hydrogen fuel cell that combines hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, emitting only water. With a full tank of gaseous hydrogen, the aircraft is projected to have an endurance of approximately 40 minutes.
Transitioning to liquid hydrogen remains the next major technical hurdle. Because liquid hydrogen offers a significantly higher energy density by mass and volume, the team projects that utilizing liquid fuel will extend the aircraft’s flight endurance to approximately two hours. To achieve this, future development will require the integration of a cryogenic storage tank capable of maintaining temperatures at -253 °C, along with a complex distribution system.
The DutcHâ‚‚ Aviation Hub
The successful test campaign was facilitated by the DutcHâ‚‚ Aviation Hub, a collaborative ecosystem coordinated by the Rotterdam The Hague Innovation Airport (RHIA) Foundation and funded by the City of Rotterdam. The AeroDelft press release explicitly thanked partners including TU Delft Aerospace Engineering, RTHA, RHIA, and Air Products Benelux for their roles in turning months of preparation into a successful live test.
Perspectives on Sustainable Aviation
The transition to zero-emission aviation requires proving that new technologies are viable outside of controlled environments. Isha Moharir, Team Manager at AeroDelft, emphasized the importance of real-world testing in public remarks cited by industry reports:
“We want to demonstrate that flying on hydrogen works and that it’s safe in the air and at the airport… We are making absolutely no concessions on safety.”
Moharir further noted that testing at an operational commercial airport yields invaluable insights into the practical steps needed for sustainable aviation. Similarly, Daan van Dijk, an innovator at Rotterdam The Hague Airport, stated that these tests demonstrate tangible progress. According to research summaries, van Dijk highlighted that testing at an active airport is the exact method by which the aviation industry will learn to safely scale hydrogen-powered flight.
AirPro News analysis
We observe that while much of the aerospace sector’s attention has been focused on the in-flight capabilities of hydrogen aircraft, the logistical realities on the ground present an equally formidable challenge. The AeroDelft taxi tests at Rotterdam The Hague Airport serve as a crucial proof-of-concept for bridging the infrastructure gap. Traditional airports are optimized for kerosene; introducing hydrogen requires entirely new storage facilities, mobile refuelers, and emergency response protocols.
Furthermore, the broader hydrogen aviation race is accelerating. While battery-electric aviation propulsion shows promise for short-haul routes, the prohibitive weight of current battery technology limits its application for commercial passenger aviation. Liquid hydrogen presents a highly competitive alternative for longer ranges, provided that the cryogenic and logistical challenges, which initiatives like Project Phoenix are actively addressing, can be resolved at scale.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Project Phoenix?
Project Phoenix is an initiative launched in 2018 by AeroDelft, a student-led team from TU Delft, aimed at developing a manned hydrogen-electric aircraft by converting a Sling 4 airframe.
Why did AeroDelft use gaseous hydrogen instead of liquid hydrogen for the taxi tests?
Gaseous hydrogen was used because it is currently a more mature and developed technology, allowing the team to safely test the powertrain and airport integration. The ultimate goal remains transitioning to liquid hydrogen for greater flight endurance.
Where did the taxi tests take place?
The tests were conducted at the Fieldlab Next Aviation facility located at Rotterdam The Hague Airport (RTHA) in the Netherlands.
Sources
- AeroDelft Official Press Release
- Supplementary Industry Research Report (Provided Data)
Photo Credit: AeroDelft
Sustainable Aviation
Loganair Signs 15-Year Sustainable Aviation Fuel Deal with ClimaHtech
Loganair secures a 15-year SAF supply agreement with ClimaHtech Green Flight, starting deliveries by 2029 to support UK SAF mandate compliance.
This article is based on an official press release from Loganair.
Loganair, the United Kingdom’s largest regional Airlines, has officially entered into a 15-year SAF offtake agreement with ClimaHtech Green Flight (CGF). According to the company’s press release, fuel deliveries under this new partnership are scheduled to commence by 2029. The agreement marks a significant step in the regional carrier’s strategy to secure a long-term fuel supply while navigating the evolving landscape of aviation emissions regulations.
The strategic partnership is designed to hedge against long-term fuel price volatility and mitigate compliance costs associated with the UK government’s SAF mandate. While the specific commercial value and volume metrics of the contract have not been publicly disclosed, the agreement insulates the airline from broader macroeconomic supply chain disruptions and high logistics costs.
A standout feature of this collaboration is CGF’s decentralized production model. Rather than relying on traditional, centralized mega-refineries, modular SAF production units will be deployed directly across Loganair’s primary operational network, which includes the Scottish Highlands, Islands, and other regional UK routes.
A Decentralized Approach to Sustainable Aviation Fuel
The partnership relies on highly innovative fuel production technology. ClimaHtech Green Flight, a wholly owned subsidiary of Belfast-based clean energy engineering company CATAGEN, will supply Loganair with fuel produced via two advanced pathways: BioSAF (Power-Biomass-to-Liquid) and eSAF (Power-to-Liquid).
According to the provided technical details, CGF utilizes patented modular reactor technology, specifically the BIOHGEN and E-FUEL GEN systems developed by CATAGEN. This electrically driven platform can operate alongside intermittent renewable power assets and utilize waste biomass feedstocks. Each modular unit is capable of producing 1 million liters of SAF per year, delivering an estimated 90% reduction in well-to-wing carbon emissions compared to conventional fossil jet fuel.
Overcoming Regional Logistics Challenges
As a regional carrier, Loganair operates numerous routes that serve as essential lifelines for remote communities rather than luxury travel destinations. Decarbonizing these short-haul flights presents unique logistical challenges. By deploying production infrastructure close to the point of consumption across Northern Ireland and Scotland, the decentralized model eliminates the need to ship fuel from a distant central hub, thereby reducing both transportation costs and associated carbon emissions.
Regulatory Pressures and Industry Context
The agreement is heavily driven by the current regulatory landscape in the United Kingdom. The UK SAF mandate officially entered into force on January 1, 2025. The mandate requires jet fuel suppliers to blend alternative aviation fuel into conventional aviation fuel at increasing concentrations. The requirement started at 2% in 2025, will rise to 10% by 2030, and is set to reach 22% by 2040. Securing a 15-year supply helps Loganair ensure compliance and avoid potential future market shortages.
ClimaHtech Green Flight, launched in September 2025 at CATAGEN’s Titanic Quarter Campus in Belfast, was created to disrupt the SAF market using off-grid renewable and low-carbon electricity sources. The company has already secured strategic partnerships and offtake agreements with other major industry players, including Ryanair and Shell Aviation Ireland Limited.
Executive Perspectives
Company leadership emphasized the importance of localizing fuel production to support regional connectivity.
“As the UK’s largest regional airline, Loganair plays a vital role in connecting communities across the UK, particularly in areas where aviation is a lifeline rather than a luxury. Decarbonising regional aviation is therefore both a responsibility and a practical challenge. This long-term agreement with ClimaHtech Green Flight is an important step in securing access to Sustainable Aviation Fuel that is produced closer to where we operate, supports UK supply chains, and reflects our commitment to lower our carbon footprint.”
“This offtake agreement with Loganair demonstrates strong airline confidence in our SAF pathways and our ambition to build a distributed, regional SAF production model.”
AirPro News analysis
We view this agreement as a critical indicator of how regional airlines are adapting to stringent environmental mandates. A major hurdle for SAF adoption globally has been the cost and carbon footprint of transporting the fuel from centralized refineries to regional airports. CGF’s decentralized model could serve as a blueprint for regional airlines worldwide, solving the logistics bottleneck that often plagues smaller carriers.
Furthermore, by utilizing local waste biomass and renewable energy, the UK aviation sector can reduce its reliance on imported fuels. This aligns with broader national energy security goals. With the UK SAF mandate now active, airlines are in a race to secure affordable SAF. Early movers like Loganair are locking in long-term Contracts to avoid the anticipated price spikes as the mandate percentages increase toward 2030.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
When will Loganair begin receiving SAF under this agreement?
Fuel Deliveries from ClimaHtech Green Flight are scheduled to commence by 2029.
How much SAF can the modular units produce?
Each modular unit from CGF is capable of producing 1 million liters of SAF per year.
What are the UK SAF mandate requirements?
The mandate requires a 2% SAF blend starting in 2025, increasing to 10% by 2030, and reaching 22% by 2040.
Sources
Photo Credit: Loganair
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