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USAF and Merlin Partner to Advance Autonomous Military Flight Systems

USAF and Merlin collaborate to improve autonomous contingency management in military aircraft using the government-owned A-GRA framework.

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Merlin and U.S. Air Force Forge Alliance for Autonomous Flight

In a significant move toward the future of aerial operations, the United States Air Force (USAF) has officially partnered with Merlin, a company at the forefront of autonomous flight technology. This collaboration, formalized through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA), signals a strategic push to integrate advanced AI into military aviation. The core objective is to enhance the autonomous capabilities of aircraft, specifically in managing unexpected events and system failures during missions. This partnership aims to create a more resilient and adaptable air fleet, capable of operating effectively in complex and unpredictable environments.

The collaboration centers on advancing the Autonomy-Government Reference Architecture (A-GRA), a foundational framework for autonomous systems within the military. By working together, Merlin and the USAF intend to develop and refine technologies that allow uncrewed and collaborative aircraft to detect, diagnose, and recover from in-flight issues without human intervention. This initiative is not just about technological advancement; it represents a foundational shift in operational strategy, aiming to reduce the cognitive load on human operators and increase the survivability and mission success rate of aerial assets. The outcomes of this CRADA are expected to set new standards for the defense industry, promoting open and modular solutions that can be applied across a wide range of current and future aircraft platforms.

Advancing Contingency Management in Military Aviation

The primary focus of the Merlin-USAF collaboration is to revolutionize contingency management for military aircraft. In the high-stakes environment of aerial operations, the ability to respond to unforeseen events, such as system malfunctions, adverse weather, or changing threats, is critical. This partnership directly addresses this need by concentrating on autonomous fault detection, recovery, and dynamic mission adaptation. The goal is to equip aircraft with the intelligence to handle these challenges independently, ensuring the mission can continue or be safely aborted without direct pilot control. This capability is essential for the next generation of uncrewed aerial systems and collaborative combat aircraft that will operate in increasingly contested airspace.

The Role of the Autonomy-Government Reference Architecture (A-GRA)

At the heart of this initiative is the Autonomy-Government Reference Architecture (A-GRA). This government-owned, open architecture serves as a common blueprint for developing autonomous systems. By building upon the A-GRA, the USAF aims to ensure that new technologies are interoperable, scalable, and secure. The collaboration with Merlin will contribute directly to this framework, providing design enhancements and software solutions that can be shared across the defense ecosystem. This approach avoids vendor-lock and encourages innovation from a broader range of industry partners, ultimately accelerating the development and deployment of trusted autonomous capabilities for the warfighter.

Merlin’s contribution will leverage its deep expertise in autonomy architecture and human-machine teaming. The company’s work will focus on creating sophisticated algorithms that can process vast amounts of data in real-time to make critical decisions. This includes identifying system degradations before they become catastrophic failures and dynamically replanning mission objectives based on the current operational picture. The result is an aircraft that is not just following a pre-programmed path but is actively problem-solving to ensure its own survival and the success of its mission.

The emphasis on a government-owned architecture is a strategic decision by the Air Force. It ensures that the core intellectual property for these critical systems remains within the Department of Defense, allowing for greater control, security, and flexibility in future acquisitions. This model fosters a more collaborative relationship between the military and its industry partners, moving away from proprietary, black-box solutions toward a more transparent and integrated development process.

“Contingency management is essential to achieving the Air Force’s vision of trusted, resilient autonomy. Through this collaboration, we can align Merlin’s expertise with the USAF’s operational priorities, helping to define autonomy standards that strengthen the entire defense ecosystem.” – Chris Gentile, General Manager for Tactical Autonomy at Merlin.

Building a Resilient and Adaptable Force

The long-term vision for this partnership extends beyond just technology. It is about building a more resilient and adaptable fighting force. As the nature of warfare evolves, the ability to deploy autonomous systems that can think and react in dynamic environments becomes a significant strategic advantage. These systems can operate in areas too dangerous for human pilots, persist for longer durations, and manage complex tasks that would overwhelm a human operator. By offloading the cognitive burden of contingency management to the machine, pilots and mission commanders can focus on higher-level strategic decisions.

This CRADA also reflects a broader trend within the Department of Defense to leverage the innovation of commercial technology companies. The AFWERX program, which is involved in this agreement, is specifically designed to bridge the gap between the Air Force and the tech industry. By partnering with companies like Merlin, the USAF can tap into a pool of talent and cutting-edge technology that might otherwise be inaccessible through traditional defense procurement channels.

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The solutions developed through this collaboration are intended to be modular, meaning they can be integrated into a variety of aircraft platforms, both new and existing. This plug-and-play approach will allow the Air Force to upgrade its fleet more rapidly and cost-effectively, ensuring that it can keep pace with emerging threats and technological advancements. The ultimate goal is to create a network of intelligent, collaborative systems that can work together seamlessly to achieve mission objectives in the most challenging operational scenarios.

“To maintain our strategic advantage, the Air Force must leverage the ingenuity of industry partners like Merlin. This CRADA will help us build on a common, government-owned architecture for autonomous systems, ensuring interoperability, accelerating innovation, and ultimately, delivering resilient and adaptable capabilities to our warfighters.” – Major Dustin Graves, AFWERX.

Conclusion: Charting the Future of Autonomous Defense

The collaboration between Merlin and the U.S. Air Force represents a critical step forward in the evolution of military aviation. By focusing on autonomous contingency management and building upon a common, government-owned architecture, this partnership is laying the groundwork for a future where uncrewed and collaborative aircraft can operate with unprecedented levels of intelligence and resilience. The initiative moves beyond theoretical research, aiming to deliver tangible capabilities that will enhance mission assurance, reduce operator workload, and increase the survivability of aircraft in diverse and dangerous scenarios.

Looking ahead, the success of this CRADA could have far-reaching implications for the entire defense industry. It champions a model of open architecture and public-private partnership that encourages broader innovation and interoperability. As autonomous systems become more integrated into military operations, the standards and technologies developed through this effort will likely influence the design of future aerial platforms worldwide. This strategic alignment ensures that the U.S. maintains its technological edge while fostering a more robust and collaborative defense ecosystem prepared for the challenges of the 21st century.

FAQ

Question: What is a CRADA?
Answer: A Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) is a formal agreement between a government agency and a private company or university to work together on research and development.

Question: What is the main goal of the Merlin and USAF collaboration?
Answer: The primary goal is to enhance the Autonomy-Government Reference Architecture (A-GRA) to improve autonomous contingency management, allowing military aircraft to better handle unforeseen events and system failures without human intervention.

Question: Why is a government-owned architecture important?
Answer: A government-owned architecture like the A-GRA ensures interoperability between systems from different vendors, prevents reliance on proprietary technology, and gives the military greater control and security over its critical autonomous capabilities.

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Photo Credit: Merlin

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Defense & Military

South Korea Grounds AH-1S Cobra Helicopters After Fatal Crash

South Korea suspends AH-1S Cobra helicopter operations following a fatal training crash amid delays in fleet replacement.

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This article summarizes reporting by South China Morning Post and official statements from the South Korean military.

South Korea Grounds AH-1S Cobra Fleet Following Fatal Training Crash

The South Korean military has ordered an immediate suspension of all AH-1S Cobra helicopters operations following a fatal accident on Monday morning. According to reporting by the South China Morning Post (SCMP), the crash occurred in Gapyeong and resulted in the deaths of two crew members. The grounding order remains in effect pending a comprehensive investigation into the cause of the incident.

The tragedy has renewed scrutiny over the Republic of Korea Army’s aging fleet of attack helicopters, many of which have surpassed their original intended service life. Military officials confirmed that the aircraft involved was conducting training maneuvers at the time of the accident.

Incident Details and Casualties

The crash took place at approximately 11:04 AM KST on February 9, 2026. The aircraft, an AH-1S Cobra operated by the Army’s 15th Aviation Group, went down on a riverbank in Gapyeong County, located roughly 55 kilometers northeast of Seoul.

According to military briefings, the two crew members on board, both Warrant Officers, were recovered from the wreckage in cardiac arrest. They were transported to a nearby hospital but were subsequently pronounced dead.

Preliminary reports indicate the crew was engaged in “emergency landing procedures.” In rotorcraft aviation, this typically refers to autorotation training, a high-risk maneuver where pilots simulate engine failure to glide the helicopter safely to the ground using the energy stored in the spinning rotors. While standard for pilot certification, autorotation requires precise handling, particularly during the final “flare” phase near the ground.

Fleet Status and Delayed Retirement

The AH-1S Cobra has been a staple of South Korea’s anti-tank capabilities since its introduction between 1988 and 1991. However, the fleet is widely considered obsolete by modern standards. Estimates suggest the Army still operates between 55 and 70 of these airframes.

According to defense procurement plans previously released by the government, the AH-1S fleet was scheduled for retirement by 2024. The continued operation of these helicopters in 2026 points to significant delays in the full deployment of replacement platforms, specifically the AH-64E Apache Guardian and the domestically produced KAI LAH (Light Armed Helicopter).

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Previous Safety Concerns

This is not the first time the aging Cobra fleet has faced safety questions. In August 2018, the fleet was grounded after a catastrophic mechanical failure in Yongin. During that incident, a main rotor blade separated from the fuselage during takeoff, leading to a crash landing. That failure was later attributed to a defect in the rotor strap assembly, highlighting the structural fatigue inherent in airframes that have been in service for nearly four decades.

AirPro News Analysis

The Risks of Legacy Training
The crash in Gapyeong underscores a critical dilemma facing modernizing militaries: the necessity of training on “high-risk” airframes while awaiting delayed replacements. Autorotation training is inherently dangerous even in modern aircraft; performing these stress-inducing maneuvers on helicopters approaching 40 years of service compounds the risk profile significantly.

Modernization Pressure
We anticipate this incident will accelerate political pressure on the Ministry of National Defense to expedite the retirement of the remaining AH-1S Cobras. While South Korea has become a major exporter of advanced defense hardware, such as the K2 tank and FA-50 light combat aircraft, the domestic reliance on Vietnam-era derivative helicopters creates a stark capability gap. The tragedy may force the military to prioritize the delivery of the KAI LAH to prevent further loss of life among aircrews operating obsolete equipment.

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Photo Credit: Reuters

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Grid Aero Raises $20M to Deploy Long-Range Autonomous Airlift

Grid Aero secures $20M Series A funding to develop the “Lifter-Lite,” a long-range autonomous aircraft for military logistics in the Indo-Pacific.

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This article is based on an official press release from Grid Aero.

Grid Aero Secures $20M Series A to Deploy Long-Range Autonomous Airlift for Contested Logistics

Grid Aero, a California-based aerospace Startups, announced on January 26, 2026, that it has raised $20 million in Series A funding. The round was led by Bison Ventures and Geodesic Capital, with participation from Stony Lonesome Group, Alumni Ventures, Ubiquity Ventures, Calibrate Ventures, and Commonweal Ventures. The capital will be used to transition the company’s “Lifter-Lite” autonomous aircraft from prototype to a fielded platform, specifically targeting military logistics challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.

Unlike many entrants in the autonomous aviation sector that focus on electric propulsion, Grid Aero has developed a clean-sheet, conventional-fuel aircraft designed to address the “tyranny of distance.” By utilizing standard Jet-A fuel and a rugged fixed-wing design, the company aims to provide a heavy-lift solution capable of operating without traditional runway infrastructure.

The “Lifter-Lite” Platform: Capabilities and Design

According to the company’s announcement, the flagship “Lifter-Lite” aircraft prioritizes range and payload capacity over novel propulsion methods. The system is engineered to carry between 1,000 and 8,000 pounds of cargo, with a maximum range of up to 2,000 miles. This range capability allows for trans-oceanic flights, such as routes from Guam to Japan, which are critical for Pacific theater operations.

The aircraft utilizes a conventional turboprop engine, a strategic choice intended to ensure compatibility with existing military fuel supply chains. The design features Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) capabilities, enabling operations from dirt strips, highways, or damaged runways where standard cargo planes cannot land.

Leadership and Engineering Pedigree

Grid Aero was founded in 2024 by CEO Arthur Dubois and CTO Chinmay Patel. Dubois previously served as Director of Engineering at Xwing and was an early engineer at Joby Aviation. Patel, who holds a PhD in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford, brings experience from Zee Aero (Kitty Hawk). The leadership team emphasizes a shift away from the “electric hype” of the urban air mobility sector toward pragmatic, physics-based solutions for defense logistics.

“We are building the pickup truck of the skies, a rugged, affordable, and autonomous logistics network capable of operating in austere environments.”

, Grid Aero Mission Statement

Strategic Context: Addressing Contested Logistics

The Investments from Geodesic Capital, a firm known for fostering U.S.-Japan collaboration, highlights the strategic focus on the Indo-Pacific. The Department of Defense (DoD) has identified logistics as a primary vulnerability in potential conflicts where traditional supply lines may be contested. Grid Aero positions its technology as an “attritable” asset, low-cost, unmanned systems that can be deployed in volume without risking human crews.

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AirPro News Analysis

The Shift to Pragmatic Propulsion

While the broader autonomous aviation market has largely chased the promise of electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) technologies, Grid Aero’s successful Series A raise signals a growing investor appetite for pragmatic, mission-specific engineering. Electric propulsion currently struggles with energy density, limiting most eVTOLs to ranges under 200 miles, insufficient for the vast distances of the Pacific.

By opting for a conventional turboprop engine, Grid Aero bypasses the battery bottleneck entirely. This decision allows the “Lifter-Lite” to integrate immediately into existing defense infrastructure (using Jet-A fuel) while offering ranges that are an order of magnitude higher than its electric competitors. For military buyers, the ability to repair an aluminum airframe in the field is often more valuable than the theoretical efficiency of composite electric platforms.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary use case for Grid Aero’s aircraft?

The aircraft is designed for “contested logistics,” delivering heavy cargo (1,000–8,000 lbs) over long ranges (up to 2,000 miles) to areas without standard runways, such as islands or forward operating bases.

Why does Grid Aero use conventional fuel instead of electric power?

Conventional Jet-A fuel offers significantly higher energy density than current battery technology, enabling the long ranges required for operations in the Pacific. It also ensures compatibility with existing military logistics chains.

Who are the lead investors in this round?

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The Series A round was led by Bison Ventures, a deep-tech VC firm, and Geodesic Capital, which specializes in U.S.-Japan expansion and security collaboration.

Is the aircraft fully autonomous?

Yes, the system is designed for fully autonomous flight operations, allowing for “fleet-scale” management where a single operator can oversee multiple aircraft simultaneously.

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Photo Credit: Grid Aero

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Apogee Aerospace Signs $420M Deal for Albatross Amphibious Aircraft

Apogee Aerospace partners with Australia’s AAI to purchase 15 Albatross 2.0 amphibious planes and invest in India’s seaplane infrastructure.

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This article summarizes reporting by The Economic Times.

Apogee Aerospace Signs $420M Deal for Albatross Amphibious Aircraft

In a significant development for India’s regional and maritime aviation sectors, Apogee Aerospace Pvt Ltd has signed a definitive agreement with Australia’s Amphibian Aerospace Industries (AAI). According to reporting by The Economic Times, the deal, finalized on February 5, 2026, is valued at approximately Rs 3,500 crore ($420 million) and involves the purchase of 15 Albatross 2.0 amphibian aircraft.

The partnership extends beyond a simple acquisition. Reports indicate that Apogee Aerospace will invest an additional Rs 500 crore ($60 million) to develop a domestic ecosystem for seaplanes in India. This infrastructure commitment includes a final assembly line, a Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) facility, and a pilot training center. The move appears strategically timed to align with the Indian Navy’s recent interest in acquiring amphibious capabilities.

Deal Structure and Investment Details

The agreement outlines a comprehensive collaboration between the Indian entity and the Darwin-based manufacturer. As detailed in the report, Apogee Aerospace, a special purpose vehicle of the deep-tech defense firm Apogee C4i LLP, has secured 15 units of the G-111T Albatross. This modernized aircraft is a “revival” of the Grumman HU-16, a platform historically utilized for open-ocean rescue missions.

To cement the partnership, Apogee has reportedly invested $7 million (Rs 65 crore) directly into AAI’s parent company, Amphibian Aircraft Holdings. This equity stake grants the Indian firm a long-term interest in the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). According to the timeline provided in the reporting, the first aircraft is expected to enter the Indian market within 18 to 24 months, with a demonstration aircraft likely arriving within six months.

Domestic Manufacturing and MRO

A central component of the deal is the focus on “Make in India” initiatives. The Rs 500 crore investment is designated for establishing local capabilities that would allow Apogee to service the fleet domestically. This aligns with the Indian government’s Union Budget 2026-27, which explicitly offered incentives for indigenous seaplane manufacturing and viability gap funding for operators.

The Albatross 2.0 (G-111T) Platform

The aircraft at the center of this procurement is the Albatross 2.0, also known as the G-111T. While based on a legacy airframe, the new variants are being rebuilt in Darwin with significant modernizations. The Economic Times notes that AAI holds the type certificate for the aircraft, which is the only FAA and EASA-certified transport-category amphibian in its class.

Key upgrades to the platform include:

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  • Propulsion: Replacement of original radial engines with modern Pratt & Whitney PT6A-67F turboprops.
  • Avionics: Installation of a fully digital glass cockpit and modern navigation suites.
  • Capacity: Configuration options for up to 28 passengers in a civil variant, or specialized payloads for search and rescue (SAR) and surveillance in military configurations.

Strategic Context: The Indian Navy Bid

The timing of this commercial agreement coincides with a major defense procurement opportunity. On January 10–12, 2026, the Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD) issued a Request for Information (RFI) seeking to wet-lease four amphibious aircraft for the Indian Navy. The Navy requires these assets for SAR operations, island logistics in the Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep archipelagos, and maritime surveillance.

Industry observers suggest that the Apogee-AAI partnership intends to bid for this contract against established global competitors, most notably Japan’s ShinMaywa. The ShinMaywa US-2 has been evaluated by the Indian Navy for over a decade, but high unit costs, estimated at over $110 million per aircraft, have historically stalled acquisition efforts. In contrast, the Albatross 2.0 is positioned as a cost-effective alternative, with a claimed unit cost significantly lower than its Japanese competitor.

AirPro News Analysis

We view this deal as a calculated gamble by Apogee Aerospace to disrupt a defense procurement process that has been stagnant for years. By securing a commercial order and investing in local MRO, Apogee is likely attempting to present a “sovereign industrial capability” argument to the Ministry of Defence. This approach addresses two critical pain points for Indian defense planners: cost and indigenization.

However, risks remain. While the ShinMaywa US-2 is a proven, currently operational platform with extreme rough-sea capabilities, the Albatross 2.0 is effectively a remanufactured legacy aircraft from a company that is still ramping up production. The Indian Navy’s RFI calls for an immediate wet-lease solution. Whether AAI can meet the operational readiness requirements with a production line that is still maturing will be the key factor in the upcoming bid evaluation. The promise of a demo aircraft in six months will be the first real test of this partnership’s viability.

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Sources: The Economic Times

Photo Credit: AAI

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