Defense & Military
Belgium Advances F-35 Acquisition with Delivery Delays and Training
Belgium receives initial F-35 jets amid technical delays, focusing on safety and training to achieve operational readiness by 2027.
The Arrival of Belgium’s F-35s: Progress, Delays, and Strategic Implications
The delivery of advanced fighter aircraft is a pivotal event for any nation seeking to modernize its air force. For Belgium, the arrival of the F-35A Lightning II jets marks a significant milestone in its multi-year military modernization program. This initiative is designed to replace the country’s aging fleet of F-16s, which have served as the backbone of the Belgian Air Force for over four decades. The transition to the F-35 platform reflects not only a technological leap but also a broader commitment to NATO interoperability and future defense readiness.
However, the process has not been without its challenges. The recent arrival of only three out of the first four scheduled F-35s at Florennes Air Base highlights both the complexity of integrating next-generation technology and the unpredictable nature of military procurement. Technical issues, software certification delays, and logistical hurdles have all played a role in shaping Belgium’s F-35 journey thus far. This article will explore the details of these developments, examine their implications, and provide a balanced perspective on the road ahead for Belgium’s air defense capabilities.
As we delve into the specifics, it becomes clear that while setbacks are inevitable in such ambitious defense projects, the overarching trend is one of progress and adaptation. Understanding the facts behind the headlines is essential to appreciating the broader significance of Belgium’s F-35 program.
Belgium’s F-35 Acquisition: Background and Milestones
The Decision to Modernize
In October 2018, the Belgian government made a strategic decision to purchase 34 F-35A Lightning II fighter jets from American defense contractor Lockheed Martin. This move was motivated by the need to replace the country’s fleet of F-16s, which have been in service for over 40 years and are increasingly viewed as obsolete in the face of modern aerial threats. The F-35A, with its stealth capabilities, advanced sensors, and networked warfare features, represents a substantial upgrade in terms of both technology and operational flexibility.
The acquisition is part of a broader military modernization plan, reflecting Belgium’s commitment to maintaining a credible defense posture within NATO. The original delivery schedule envisioned four F-35s arriving each year between 2023 and 2030, allowing for a phased transition and ample time for pilot training and logistical adaptation.
However, this timeline has been subject to several adjustments. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global supply chains and impacted subcontractors, leading to a rescheduling of the first batch of jets. Instead of the initial plan, the first two F-35s were slated for delivery at the end of 2023, with two more following in the first quarter of 2024.
Arrival and Initial Setbacks
On October 13, 2025, three of the first four F-35A fighter jets ordered by Belgium landed at Florennes Air Base. The arrival was marked by a formal ceremony attended by military personnel, members of the press, the public, and King Philippe of Belgium. This event underscored the symbolic and practical importance of the F-35 program for the nation’s defense strategy.
The fourth aircraft, however, was delayed during a stopover in the Azores due to what the Belgian Ministry of Defence described as “technical uncertainty regarding its airworthiness.” This cautious approach reflects the ministry’s prioritization of safety and operational reliability, especially given the high-profile nature of the program.
Major General Geert De Decker, Air Force Commander, emphasized that the decision to hold back the fourth jet was based on a strict focus on safety protocols. The incident serves as a reminder that the integration of advanced military technology often involves unforeseen technical challenges that must be addressed before full operational deployment.
“The decision to delay the fourth jet’s arrival reflects the ministry’s strict focus on safety,” Major General Geert De Decker, Belgian Air Force Commander
Training and Operational Readiness
Beyond the jets delivered to Belgium, eight additional F-35s are currently stationed at Luke Air Force Base in Arizona, USA. These aircraft are dedicated to the training of Belgian pilots, ensuring that personnel are fully prepared to operate and maintain the new platform. This approach allows Belgium to build a cadre of experienced F-35 operators before the jets become a routine presence in European airspace.
The Belgian Air Force has set ambitious targets for bringing the F-35 fleet to operational status. The goal is to achieve Initial Operational Capability (IOC) by 2027, with Full Operational Capability (FOC) projected around 2030. These milestones are aligned with NATO requirements and are intended to ensure that Belgium can contribute effectively to collective defense missions.
The phased approach to training and deployment provides flexibility in addressing unforeseen technical or logistical issues, such as the recent delay experienced by the fourth jet. It also enables incremental learning and adaptation as the program matures.
Technical Challenges and Program Delays
The TR-3 Software and Hardware Issue
One of the most significant hurdles facing Belgium’s F-35 program has been the delay associated with the “Tech Refresh 3” (TR-3) hardware and software upgrade. In August 2023, the Belgian Ministry of Defence announced that it would not accept new F-35 deliveries until the TR-3 system was fully certified. This decision mirrored a similar stance taken by the United States government, which also paused deliveries pending successful certification of the new technology.
The TR-3 upgrade is critical because it enables a suite of new capabilities collectively referred to as Block 4. These enhancements are designed to improve the F-35’s ability to address evolving air and ground threats, making the aircraft more adaptable and future-proof. However, the complexity of integrating advanced hardware and software has led to delays in both production and delivery.
According to official statements, while the hardware for the first jets was expected to be ready by December 2023, the final delivery was contingent on software certification, which was estimated for the second quarter of 2024. The current delay involving the fourth jet, however, appears to be unrelated to the TR-3 issue, instead stemming from a separate technical concern identified during transit.
Implications for Operational Capability
Delays in the delivery and certification of critical upgrades can have cascading effects on a nation’s defense planning. For Belgium, the postponement of F-35 deliveries has required adjustments to training schedules, maintenance planning, and operational readiness timelines. However, the Ministry of Defence has maintained that safety and long-term reliability are paramount, even if this means accepting short-term disruptions.
The situation also underscores the interdependence of international defense procurement. Belgium’s decision to pause deliveries in alignment with the US reflects the collaborative nature of the F-35 program, which involves multiple partner nations and a global supply chain. Such coordination is essential for maintaining common standards and ensuring interoperability among allied air forces.
Expert opinions suggest that while delays are frustrating, they are not uncommon in large-scale military acquisition programs. Prioritizing thorough testing and certification ultimately reduces the risk of more serious issues emerging during operational use.
“The Belgian Defence Ministry’s decision to wait for TR-3 certification is a logical step, following the lead of the US government and prioritizing long-term capabilities over immediate delivery.”
Looking Ahead: Future Developments
With the arrival of the first F-35s in Belgium and ongoing training in the United States, the focus now shifts to achieving operational milestones and integrating the new jets into the national defense strategy. The Belgian Air Force’s target of reaching IOC by 2027 remains ambitious but feasible, provided that technical and logistical challenges are managed effectively.
The program’s progress will be closely watched by other nations considering similar upgrades, as well as by stakeholders within NATO. Lessons learned from Belgium’s experience could inform best practices for balancing technological innovation with operational reliability.
As the F-35 program matures, ongoing software and hardware updates are expected to further enhance the platform’s capabilities. The adaptability of the F-35 is one of its key selling points, and Belgium’s phased approach to adoption positions it to benefit from future advancements as they become available.
Conclusion: Navigating Complexity in Defense Modernization
Belgium’s F-35 acquisition program illustrates both the opportunities and challenges inherent in modernizing a national air force. While the arrival of three out of the first four jets is a cause for celebration, the delay of the fourth aircraft serves as a reminder of the complexities involved in integrating cutting-edge technology. The program’s cautious approach to safety and certification reflects a commitment to long-term operational success, even at the cost of short-term setbacks.
Looking ahead, the Belgian Air Force is well positioned to achieve its operational goals, provided that it continues to prioritize rigorous testing, training, and collaboration with international partners. The experience gained through the F-35 program will not only strengthen Belgium’s defense capabilities but also contribute to the broader evolution of NATO’s air power in the years to come.
FAQ
Question: Why did only three of the first four F-35s arrive in Belgium?
Answer: The fourth jet was delayed due to a technical issue identified during a stopover in the Azores. The Belgian Ministry of Defence cited “technical uncertainty regarding its airworthiness” as the reason for the delay.
Question: What is the significance of the TR-3 upgrade for the F-35?
Answer: The TR-3 (Tech Refresh 3) upgrade is essential for enabling new capabilities in the F-35, collectively known as Block 4. These enhancements improve the aircraft’s ability to address modern threats and ensure future adaptability.
Question: When will Belgium’s F-35s reach full operational capability?
Answer: The Belgian Air Force aims to achieve Initial Operational Capability (IOC) by 2027 and Full Operational Capability (FOC) around 2030.
Question: How many F-35s has Belgium ordered in total?
Answer: Belgium has ordered a total of 34 F-35A fighter jets from Lockheed Martin.
Question: Where are Belgian F-35 pilots being trained?
Answer: Eight Belgian F-35s are stationed at Luke Air Force Base in Arizona, USA, where they are used for the training of Belgian pilots.
Sources
Photo Credit: Belgian Defense
Defense & Military
Pratt Whitney Completes 3D-Printed TJ150 Turbojet Demo Test
Pratt & Whitney validates additive manufacturing for the TJ150, consolidating 50+ hot section parts into 3D-printed components.
Pratt & Whitney has successfully completed demonstration testing of an additively manufactured TJ150 turbojet engine, a process that consolidated more than 50 individual hot section components into a small number of 3D-printed parts.
The RTX Corporation subsidiary announced the milestone on July 20, 2026, during the Farnborough International Airshow in London. The test results validate the manufacturer’s strategy to use additive manufacturing to simplify design and accelerate production for expendable military propulsion systems.
Consolidating hot section components
According to the press release, nearly 60 percent of the TJ150 engine’s volume was produced using additive manufacturing. This volume includes major static and rotating hardware. By utilizing 3D printing technologies, engineers reduced the complexity of the engine’s hot section and replaced over 50 traditional parts with a handful of consolidated components.
The TJ150 is a 150-pound thrust class turbojet designed for single-use applications.
“For expendable engines like the TJ150, where missions can last minutes or hours, simplifying the design and scaling production quickly is essential to meeting rising demand,” said Jill Albertelli, President of Military Engines at Pratt & Whitney.
Integration with cruise missiles and decoys
The successful demonstration of the 3D-printed TJ150 follows recent contract awards and integration announcements for the engine platform. On March 10, 2026, Pratt & Whitney secured a follow-on contract from Leidos Dynetics to supply TJ150 engines for the AGM-190A small cruise missile.
In a separate announcement on July 15, 2026, Raytheon confirmed plans to prioritize the TJ150 engine for the initial production of the Miniature Air-Launched Decoy (MALD). Raytheon noted that utilizing the existing engine platform keeps restart timelines short while the company explores additively manufactured engines for longer-term opportunities.
Expanding additive manufacturing applications
Pratt & Whitney plans to apply the manufacturing techniques validated during the TJ150 demonstration to other propulsion programs. Albertelli stated that additive manufacturing helps the company move designs from concept to capability faster. She confirmed that the manufacturer is leveraging the TJ150 learnings to benefit other systems, including the Pratt & Whitney Valox engine family.
AirPro News analysis
The successful test of a heavily 3D-printed TJ150 highlights a critical shift in defense aerospace manufacturing. As military operators demand higher volumes of autonomous systems, decoys, and tactical missiles, traditional supply chains for small turbine engines face significant bottlenecks. Casting and machining conventional hot-section components requires extensive tooling and long lead times. By consolidating dozens of parts into a few additively manufactured pieces, we see manufacturers directly addressing the need for rapid scalability.
Expendable engines operate for very short durations, meaning they do not require the same long-term durability as commercial or manned military turbofans. This specific operational profile makes them ideal candidates for additive manufacturing, allowing producers to prioritize production speed and cost reduction over thousands of hours of time-on-wing reliability.
Photo Credit: RTX
Defense & Military
GE Aerospace and Magellan Sign F414 MRO MOU for Canada
GE Aerospace and Magellan Aerospace signed an MOU at Farnborough to establish a Canadian F414 engine MRO center if Canada selects the Gripen E.
GE Aerospace and Magellan Aerospace Corporation signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on July 22, 2026, at the Farnborough International Airshow to establish a Canadian MRO center for the F414-GE-39E engine. The agreement is entirely contingent on the Government of Canada selecting the Saab JAS 39 Gripen E for its future fighter fleet.
Announced in a GE Aerospace press release, the proposed MRO work would take place at Magellan’s facility in Mississauga, Ontario. The partnership aims to position Magellan as Canada’s domestic center of excellence for F414 engine sustainment, guaranteeing sovereign support capabilities for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) if the Gripen E is acquired.
Industrial offsets and the Gripen E campaign
The MOU represents a calculated component of a broader industrial offset campaign by Saab AB and its suppliers to secure a portion of Canada’s fighter procurement contract. The Canadian government is currently reviewing its fighter jet strategy. While Ottawa previously committed to purchasing a fleet of 88 Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II Military-Aircraft, the government is evaluating a potential mixed fleet that could include domestically built Gripen E fighters.
To strengthen the Gripen’s bid, Saab has been securing agreements with Canadian aerospace firms to promise domestic job creation and technology transfer. This engine sustainment agreement follows a similar MOU signed on July 17, 2026, between Saab and Canadian aviation training firm CAE Inc. to cooperate on advanced fighter pilot Training.
Engine sustainment and domestic capabilities
The F414 engine family has accumulated more than 5 million flight hours globally. The new agreement builds on a 60-year working relationship between GE Aerospace and Magellan Aerospace Corporation.
Paul Ferraro, Vice President of Defense Engines & Services at GE Aerospace, stated that the agreement spans both military and commercial engines and will ensure the RCAF has in-country access to sustainment services to maintain F414 readiness.
Haydn Martin, Vice President of Business Development, Marketing, and Contracts at Magellan Aerospace Corporation, emphasized the operational benefits of the proposed partnership.
“Should the Saab JAS 39 Gripen E aircraft be selected, Magellan Aerospace will be ready to provide world-class engine maintenance, repair and overhaul services that enhance operational readiness for the Royal Canadian Air Force while maintaining highly skilled Canadian jobs, developing advanced technical expertise, and strengthening Canada’s long-term defence industrial capacity,” Martin said.
AirPro News analysis
We view this MOU as a clear signal that the competition for Canada’s fighter fleet remains highly active despite the initial F-35A selection. By lining up domestic heavyweights like Magellan and CAE, Saab is directly addressing Ottawa’s stringent Industrial and Technological Benefits (ITB) policy requirements. If the Government of Canada opts for a mixed fleet, establishing sovereign MRO capabilities for the F414 engine will be a critical factor in mitigating supply chain risks and ensuring RCAF operational independence. Until a formal procurement decision is finalized, these agreements remain strategic positioning rather than guaranteed Contracts.
Sources: GE Aerospace
Photo Credit: GE Aerospace
Defense & Military
CBP AMO Orders 10 Airbus H125 Helicopters for Fleet Expansion
CBP Air and Marine Operations contracts for 10 Airbus H125 helicopters, expanding a 30-year fleet of over 100 rotary-wing aircraft.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection Air and Marine Operations (CBP AMO) has finalized a contract to acquire 10 additional Airbus H125 helicopters, expanding a fleet modernization effort that relies heavily on the single-engine platform for border security and law enforcement missions.
In a press release issued on July 7, 2026, Airbus confirmed the agreement, which reinforces a three-decade relationship between the federal agency and the aerospace manufacturer. The new helicopters will be assembled at the Airbus Helicopters production facility in Columbus, Mississippi.
Expanding the airborne law enforcement fleet
The latest acquisition builds upon a previous order placed in August 2020, when CBP AMO contracted for 16 H125 helicopters to upgrade its aging rotary-wing assets. The agency currently operates a total fleet of more than 240 aircraft, which includes over 100 helicopters from the Airbus H120 and H125 families delivered over the past 30 years.
The H125, formerly known as the Eurocopter AS350, is utilized by CBP AMO for a variety of demanding flight profiles, including border surveillance, suspect pursuit, and general public safety operations across the United States.
Bart Reijnen, Head of the North America Region for Airbus Helicopters, stated that the expansion “underscores the long-standing collaboration” between the manufacturer and the federal agency. He added that the selection highlights the trust placed in the H125 to execute critical public safety missions under demanding conditions, with Airbus committing to provide comprehensive services to maintain mission readiness.
Virtual reality integration for pilot training
As CBP AMO increases its H125 inventory, the agency is simultaneously overhauling how it trains the personnel who fly them. In November 2025, CBP became the first federal law enforcement agency and the first branch of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to integrate virtual reality into its aerial training program.
According to reporting by FLYING Magazine, the agency awarded a contract to adopt an FAA-qualified Airbus H125 virtual reality flight simulator developed by Loft Dynamics. The simulator is being installed at the CBP AMO training center in Oklahoma City, where it will be used to train the agency’s roster of more than 600 pilots.
AirPro News analysis
We view CBP AMO’s continued investment in the H125 platform as a clear indicator of the agency’s preference for fleet commonality. Operating a standardized fleet of over 100 H125-family helicopters significantly reduces maintenance overhead, streamlines supply chains, and simplifies pilot transition training. Furthermore, Airbus’s strategy of assembling these aircraft in Columbus, Mississippi, likely plays a crucial role in navigating federal procurement requirements, ensuring that the European manufacturer remains highly competitive for U.S. government contracts. The parallel investment in Loft Dynamics’ VR simulators suggests the agency is preparing for a sustained, long-term operational lifespan for the H125 fleet.
Sources: Airbus
Photo Credit: Airbus
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