Electric Aircraft
Vertical Aerospace VX4 Completes First Wing-Borne Flight Test
Vertical Aerospace’s VX4 eVTOL completes first wing-borne flight, advancing toward 2028 certification for sustainable urban air mobility.
The electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) sector continues to gain momentum, with Vertical Aerospace marking a major milestone in its development roadmap. On 22 May 2025, the UK-based aerospace company successfully completed the first wing-borne flight of its VX4 prototype. This flight not only demonstrated the aircraft’s ability to transition from vertical to conventional flight but also validated critical aspects of its design and performance.
As the global aviation industry shifts toward sustainable, zero-emission solutions, eVTOLs are emerging as a promising alternative for short-haul urban and regional transport. Vertical Aerospace’s VX4 is designed to meet this demand with a focus on safety, efficiency, and environmental responsibility. The successful wing-borne flight marks a pivotal step in the VX4’s path to certification and commercial deployment, positioning the company among the frontrunners in the urban air mobility (UAM) race.
The VX4 is an all-electric aircraft designed to carry four passengers and a pilot. With a projected range of approximately 100 miles (160 km) per charge and a cruise speed of around 130 knots (240 km/h), the VX4 aims to offer a viable alternative to ground-based transport in congested urban areas. Its hybrid design allows for both vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) and fixed-wing cruise, combining the benefits of helicopters and airplanes.
Key features of the VX4 include low noise emissions, zero operational emissions, and compliance with stringent aviation safety standards. The aircraft’s propulsion system is powered by electric motors, and its aerodynamic design supports efficient wing-borne flight, which is essential for extending range and reducing energy consumption.
Vertical Aerospace plans to conduct a series of test flights in different configurations. The current phase involves conventional take-off and landing (CTOL) flights, with around a dozen such sorties planned before transitioning to full VTOL testing. These tests are crucial for collecting performance data and refining digital models used in the aircraft’s development.
“The VX4 handled beautifully, and the transition to fixed-wing flight was smooth and stable, giving us confidence in the aircraft’s design and control systems.”
– Si Davies, Chief Test Pilot, Vertical Aerospace
The milestone flight took place at Vertical Aerospace’s Kemble test facility in southwest England. According to chief test pilot Si Davies, the VX4 rotated at 85 knots and cruised at approximately 100 knots during the flight, which ventured beyond the airfield for the first time. The approach was performed at 95 knots, and future tests are expected to push cruise speeds to 120 knots, nearing the 130-knot target for the production model.
Davies praised the aircraft’s responsiveness and natural handling, noting that the propulsion system performed as predicted. “It is very responsive in acceleration along the runway, it got into the air very quickly indeed,” he said. The aircraft’s performance during this flight validated pre-flight modeling related to drag and motor output, reinforcing confidence in the VX4’s design. Leading up to the wing-borne flight, the team conducted extensive low-speed taxi tests, including multiple runs at speeds just below take-off velocity. These preparations were essential for ensuring readiness and safety, both for the aircraft and the test crew.
Following the initial wing-borne flight, Vertical Aerospace plans to expand the flight envelope with additional sorties in CTOL mode. These will incrementally increase flight duration and speed to further validate battery and motor performance under varied conditions. The goal is to build a robust dataset that supports eventual certification and commercial readiness.
The next major milestone in the test program is the transition from thrust-borne (hover) to wing-borne flight while operating in full VTOL mode. This complex maneuver represents the final phase of the flight-test plan and is expected to occur in the second half of 2025. Achieving a seamless transition is critical for demonstrating the VX4’s operational versatility.
In parallel, Vertical Aerospace is preparing a second VX4 prototype for flight testing. This aircraft will join the test fleet in the coming months, allowing the company to accelerate data collection and refine its models. The company has stated a target certification date of 2028, aligning with evolving regulatory frameworks for eVTOL aircraft.
The VX4’s progress reflects broader trends in the eVTOL industry, which is projected to become a multi-billion-dollar market by 2030. Factors driving this growth include urban congestion, environmental concerns, and advancements in electric propulsion and autonomous flight technologies. Companies like Joby Aviation, Lilium, and Archer Aviation are also racing to bring certified eVTOLs to market, creating a competitive yet collaborative ecosystem.
Vertical Aerospace’s approach emphasizes certification under existing aviation regulations, working closely with the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). This strategy may offer a more streamlined path to market compared to companies pursuing novel certification categories. The CAA’s approval of the recent test flight underscores the regulator’s confidence in the VX4’s development process.
Successful demonstration of wing-borne flight is a key differentiator in the eVTOL space. While many prototypes can hover, transitioning to efficient fixed-wing flight is essential for achieving the range and speed necessary for commercial viability. The VX4’s hybrid design addresses this challenge directly, offering a blend of performance and operational flexibility.
Despite recent successes, challenges remain. Battery energy density continues to limit range and payload capacity for electric aircraft. Vertical Aerospace must also ensure that its aircraft can operate safely in diverse weather conditions and integrate seamlessly into existing air traffic management systems. Another hurdle is public acceptance and infrastructure readiness. Urban air mobility requires dedicated vertiports, charging infrastructure, and robust flight planning tools. While technology is advancing rapidly, the supporting ecosystem must evolve in parallel to enable widespread adoption.
Vertical Aerospace is addressing these issues through partnerships and simulations. The company is leveraging digital twin technology to model real-world performance and collaborating with stakeholders to plan future operational scenarios. These efforts aim to de-risk deployment and build confidence among regulators, operators, and the public.
The first wing-borne flight of Vertical Aerospace’s VX4 prototype marks a significant achievement in the journey toward sustainable urban air mobility. The successful transition from ground to fixed-wing flight validates the aircraft’s design and sets the stage for more complex test scenarios. With additional flights planned and a second prototype on the way, Vertical is steadily building momentum toward certification.
Looking ahead, the VX4’s development will be closely watched as a bellwether for the eVTOL industry. As regulatory frameworks solidify and infrastructure begins to take shape, aircraft like the VX4 could redefine short-haul transport in cities worldwide. The combination of zero emissions, reduced noise, and operational flexibility makes eVTOLs a compelling solution for the future of mobility.
What is the VX4? What was significant about the recent flight? When is the VX4 expected to be certified? How does the VX4 compare to other eVTOLs? What are the next steps in the VX4 test program?
Vertical Aerospace’s VX4 Achieves Milestone with First Wing-Borne Flight
Understanding the VX4 and Its Flight Test Program
Design and Capabilities of the VX4
Details of the Wing-Borne Flight
Next Steps in the Flight Test Campaign
Industry Implications and Competitive Landscape
Urban Air Mobility and Market Context
Technical and Operational Challenges
Conclusion
FAQ
The VX4 is an electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft developed by Vertical Aerospace. It is designed to carry four passengers and a pilot over short distances with zero emissions.
The VX4 completed its first wing-borne flight, transitioning from ground take-off to conventional fixed-wing flight. This validated key aspects of its design and performance.
Vertical Aerospace is targeting certification for the VX4 in 2028, pending successful completion of flight testing and regulatory approvals.
The VX4 combines vertical take-off capabilities with efficient fixed-wing cruise, offering a balance of range, speed, and operational flexibility. It competes with models from Joby Aviation, Lilium, and others.
Vertical Aerospace will conduct additional CTOL flights before transitioning to full VTOL testing, including thrust-to-wing-borne transitions later in 2025.
Sources
Photo Credit: VerticalAerospace
Electric Aircraft
Jekta Unveils Scale Model of PHA-ZE 100 Electric Amphibious Aircraft
Jekta advances electric amphibious aircraft development with a 1:9 scale model undergoing flight tests ahead of 2030 service entry.
Swiss aerospace manufacturer Jekta has officially unveiled a 1:9 scale model of its PHA-ZE 100 (Passenger Hydro Aircraft, Zero Emissions 100), marking a critical milestone in the development of its 19-passenger electric aviation amphibious aircraft. The announcement, made on December 11, 2025, confirms that the company has moved into active flight testing with the sub-scale demonstrator to validate its aerodynamic and hydrodynamic designs.
According to the company’s announcement, the remote-controlled model is currently undergoing flight campaigns in Italy. These tests are designed to gather real-world data that will be cross-referenced with computer simulations, ensuring the airframe is mature before the company proceeds to full-scale production. Jekta aims to reintroduce the utility of the “flying boat” to the global market, targeting an entry into service by 2030.
The newly unveiled model represents a significant engineering step for the Payerne-based company. While digital modeling provides a theoretical baseline, physical testing of the 1:9 scale model allows engineers to observe how the hull interacts with water during takeoff and landing, as well as how the distributed electric propulsion system performs in flight.
The testing is taking place near the base of Jekta’s Head of Design, Max Pinucci, in Italy. In a statement regarding the program’s progress, Jekta CEO George Alafinov emphasized the practical utility of the large-scale model:
“The 1:9 scale model is large enough to provide data representative of the full-size aircraft and is allowing us to efficiently expand the test envelope… ensuring the aircraft’s maturity as we work towards introducing it to the global air transport network in 2030.”
, George Alafinov, CEO of Jekta
The full-scale PHA-ZE 100 is designed to serve coastal communities, island nations, and regional routes that lack extensive airport infrastructure. By utilizing existing waterways and standard runways, the aircraft offers operational flexibility without the need for the expensive vertiports often required by eVTOL (electric vertical takeoff and landing) competitors.
According to technical details released by the manufacturer, the aircraft will feature: Jekta has outlined a dual-propulsion strategy to meet different market needs. The base model will utilize battery-electric technology, offering a range of approximately 150 km, suitable for short inter-island hops. However, through a partnership with ZeroAvia, Jekta is also developing a hydrogen fuel cell variant. This configuration is projected to quadruple the effective range to nearly 600 km, making regional connectivity viable for zero-emission operators.
Jekta’s progress highlights a growing sub-sector in sustainable aviation: the modernization of the amphibious aircraft. While the “Golden Age” of flying boats faded after World War II due to the rise of long runways and jet engines, the format solves a specific modern problem. Developing nations in Southeast Asia and archipelagos like the Maldives often struggle to build land-based runways due to ecological concerns or lack of space. The PHA-ZE 100’s ability to operate from water offers an “infrastructure-light” solution.
We note that Jekta faces competition in this niche, specifically from Norway’s Elfly Group, which is developing the 9-seat “Noemi,” and the US-based REGENT, which is building the “Viceroy” seaglider. However, Jekta’s 19-seat capacity places it in a larger utility class, potentially appealing to operators looking to replace aging Twin Otters or Cessna Caravans on over-water routes.
Jekta Advances Electric Amphibian Program with 1:9 Scale Model Unveiling
Flight Testing and Validation
PHA-ZE 100 Technical Specifications
Battery vs. Hydrogen Variants
AirPro News Analysis
The Return of the Flying Boat
Frequently Asked Questions
Sources
Photo Credit: Jekta
Electric Aircraft
Bye Aerospace Partners with Composite Approach for eFlyer 2 Production
Bye Aerospace teams with Composite Approach to produce composite structures for the eFlyer 2, targeting Spring 2026 first flight and FAA certification.
This article is based on an official press release from Bye Aerospace.
Bye Aerospace, the Denver-based developer of the all-electric eFlyer family of aircraft, has officially announced a strategic manufacturing partnership with Composite Approach. According to a press release issued on December 2, 2025, the Oregon-based manufacturer has been selected to produce the major composite structures, including the fuselage, wings, and empennage, for the first production-conforming eFlyer 2.
This agreement marks a significant transition for Bye Aerospace as it moves from the research and development phase into industrialization. The components manufactured by Composite Approach will be utilized to assemble the specific aircraft designated for the eFlyer 2’s inaugural flight as a production-conforming prototype. The company has targeted Spring 2026 for this milestone flight.
The partnership focuses on the “new-design” eFlyer 2, a term the company uses to distinguish the production-conforming airframe from previous proof-of-concept demonstrators. According to the company’s announcement, this airframe represents the design specifications submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for certification.
Rod Zastrow, CEO of Bye Aerospace, described the partnership as a critical step in the company’s roadmap. In the press release, Zastrow emphasized the shift toward physical production of the certified asset.
“This partnership marks a turning point for Bye Aerospace as we move from design to the physical production of our certified aircraft.”
, Rod Zastrow, CEO of Bye Aerospace
Composite Approach, located in Redmond, Oregon, brings decades of experience in advanced composite manufacturing. The firm is tasked with executing a “build-to-print” mandate, producing high-precision carbon fiber parts based on Bye Aerospace’s engineering data. Brian Harris, CEO of Composite Approach, noted in the release that the project involves “pushing the boundaries of composite technology” to meet the rigorous weight and aerodynamic requirements of electric-aviation.
The production-conforming eFlyer 2 is designed to meet the FAA’s Part 23 Amendment 64 certification basis, a performance-based regulation adapted to accommodate novel technologies like electric propulsion. The aircraft features an optimized aerodynamic design intended to maximize the lift-to-drag ratio, a critical factor for extending the range of battery-electric aircraft. According to technical details released by the company, the aircraft will be powered by the Safran ENGINeUS™ 100 electric motor. This propulsion system, combined with high-density battery packs, is engineered to support a flight endurance of up to three hours. This endurance target is a key differentiator in the electric flight training market, where current certified competitors often offer significantly shorter flight times.
The selection of Composite Approach signals that Bye Aerospace is attempting to de-risk its path to market by leveraging an established supply chain partner rather than building internal fabrication capacity from scratch. By outsourcing the major structural components, Bye Aerospace can concentrate its internal resources on systems integration, final assembly, and the complex FAA certification process.
The stakes are high for the Denver-based manufacturer. With a reported order backlog exceeding $700 million, the company faces pressure to deliver a certified product to flight schools eager to reduce operating costs. Traditional training aircraft burn leaded aviation fuel and require frequent engine maintenance; Bye Aerospace claims the eFlyer 2 will operate at one-fifth the cost of these legacy aircraft.
While the Spring 2026 target for the inaugural flight is ambitious, it represents the critical path toward final certification flight testing. If the eFlyer 2 can achieve its projected 3-hour endurance, it would offer a distinct operational advantage over existing certified electric aircraft, such as the Pipistrel Velis Electro, which is generally limited to local traffic patterns.
What is the difference between the “new-design” eFlyer 2 and previous versions? When will the production-conforming eFlyer 2 fly? Who is manufacturing the airframe? What is the primary market for this aircraft?
Bye Aerospace Partners with Composite Approach for Production-Conforming eFlyer 2
Moving Toward Certification
Technical Specifications and Standards
AirPro News Analysis: The Industrialization Phase
Frequently Asked Questions
Previous versions were technology demonstrators or “proof-of-concept” aircraft. The “new-design” refers to the production-conforming aircraft, built exactly to the specifications submitted to the FAA for final certification.
Bye Aerospace has targeted Spring 2026 for the inaugural flight of this specific airframe.
Composite Approach, a manufacturer based in Redmond, Oregon, will build the fuselage, wings, and empennage.
The eFlyer 2 is a two-seat aircraft designed primarily for the flight training market, aiming to replace aging gasoline-powered trainers like the Cessna 172.Sources
Photo Credit: Bye Aerospace
Electric Aircraft
Air New Zealand and BETA Launch Electric Aircraft Trials in New Zealand
Air New Zealand partners with BETA Technologies to trial the all-electric ALIA CX300, advancing sustainable regional aviation in New Zealand.
The future of aviation is quietly taking flight in New Zealand. In a significant move towards decarbonizing the skies, Air New Zealand has partnered with U.S. aerospace innovator BETA Technologies to begin trialing an all-electric aircraft. This collaboration, a cornerstone of the airline’s “Next Generation Aircraft programme,” was marked by the inaugural New Zealand flight of the BETA ALIA CX300 from Tauranga Airport on October 17, 2025. The event, which began with a sunrise blessing, signals more than just a test flight; it represents a tangible step in exploring sustainable solutions for regional air travel.
This initiative places New Zealand at the forefront of a global shift in aviation. For years, the concept of electric-powered commercial flight has been a distant goal. Now, through a carefully planned technical demonstrator program, we are seeing the practical application of this technology. The four-month trial is designed to be a rigorous evaluation, providing crucial data on how an electric aircraft performs within New Zealand’s unique geography and weather conditions. It’s a cautious but determined stride into what could become the new standard for connecting communities.
The partnership itself is the result of a meticulous global search by Air New Zealand, which reviewed 30 different manufacturers before selecting BETA Technologies. The goal is clear: to learn, adapt, and pave the way for integrating zero-emission aircraft into its domestic network, initially for cargo and, in the future, for passenger services. This trial is not just about testing a machine; it’s about building an operational blueprint for a cleaner era of aviation.
Air New Zealand’s commitment to sustainability is not a recent development, but the “Next Generation Aircraft programme” represents its most ambitious effort yet. The program is built on a foundation of proactive research and strategic partnerships aimed at identifying and vetting viable technologies that can reduce the airline’s carbon footprint. The selection of BETA Technologies was a deliberate choice, favoring a company with a pragmatic approach to design and a clear path to commercialization.
At the heart of this trial is the BETA ALIA CX300, a battery-electric, conventional take-off and landing (CTOL) aircraft. Its design is a key reason it was chosen. By functioning like a traditional airplane, it can utilize existing airport infrastructure, which dramatically lowers the barrier to adoption. There is no need for specialized runways or vertical take-off pads, allowing for faster and more efficient integration into the current network.
The aircraft boasts zero in-flight emissions and operates with significantly less noise than its conventional counterparts, a major benefit for communities near airports. Configured for this trial with two seats for crew, it offers a cargo capacity of 5.6 cubic meters (200 cubic feet). With a mission range of approximately 398 kilometers (215 nautical miles), it is well-suited for many of New Zealand’s short-haul domestic routes, making it an ideal candidate for connecting regional centers.
The ALIA CX300 is designed for all-weather deployment, a critical feature for operating reliably in New Zealand’s often-variable climate. This focus on practical, real-world application is what sets the aircraft and this trial apart. It’s less about futuristic concepts and more about what can be safely and efficiently implemented in the near future.
“This first flight marks the powerful intersection of pragmatic design and operational innovation. We built the ALIA CX300 on a foundation of simplicity to ensure a fast, safe, and efficient path to commercial service. With this ‘Tech Demonstrator’ collaboration, Air New Zealand is not just validating a single aircraft, they are creating the rigorous operational blueprint that will serve as a model for operators around the world who are serious about unlocking low-cost, sustainable connectivity for their regional communities.” – Chris Caputo, BETA Technologies Director of Flight Operations
The four-month technical demonstrator is more than a simple test; it’s a comprehensive fact-finding mission. The data gathered will be invaluable for Air New Zealand, its partners, and regulators in understanding the capabilities and limitations of current-generation electric aircraft. This knowledge is essential for developing safety protocols, maintenance procedures, and a realistic timeline for commercial deployment. The trial is structured in distinct phases to systematically assess the ALIA CX300’s performance. After its arrival in early October and the inaugural flight from Tauranga, the aircraft will be based at Hamilton Airport. During this initial phase, it will undergo a series of test flights under various conditions and at different altitudes to establish a baseline for its operational performance in the New Zealand environment.
In December, the program will advance to its next stage. The aircraft will be relocated to Wellington Airport to begin conducting flights across the Cook Strait to Blenheim. This route is a vital domestic link and will provide a real-world test case for the aircraft’s ability to handle a busy and commercially significant route. This phase will be critical in evaluating the aircraft’s efficiency and reliability in day-to-day operations.
This methodical progression from controlled testing to simulated commercial routes allows the team to build confidence and gather comprehensive data at each step. It also offers the New Zealand public a chance to see this groundbreaking technology in action, fostering familiarity and excitement for the future of air travel.
An electric aircraft is only as effective as the ground infrastructure that supports it. Recognizing this, Air New Zealand has proactively installed 65kW mobile chargers at Hamilton, Wellington, and Blenheim airports. This essential infrastructure, funded by the airline’s Climate and Nature Fund, ensures the ALIA CX300 can be charged efficiently between flights. The use of mobile chargers also provides flexibility as the trial progresses and as future needs evolve.
Beyond the hardware, the human element is paramount. A key objective of the trial is to familiarize pilots, engineers, and ground crews with the new technology. In November, Air New Zealand pilots will begin their training on the ALIA CX300, learning the unique characteristics of flying an electric aircraft. This hands-on experience is crucial for developing the skills and standard operating procedures necessary for a safe and successful transition to electric aviation.
“New Zealand has a proud history of aviation innovation and pushing for progress… It’s incredibly special to partner with a global innovator like BETA to ensure New Zealand is a part of shaping what the future of flight might look like both here and around the world. We know aviation will keep changing, it always has. This is a small, cautious step to learn and be part of that change.” – Baden Smith, Air New Zealand General Manager, Fleet, Networks and Strategy
The collaboration between Air New Zealand and BETA Technologies is a landmark moment in the journey toward sustainable aviation. By bringing the ALIA CX300 to New Zealand for a rigorous trial, the airline is moving beyond ambition and into action. This program is a calculated, methodical effort to understand the real-world performance of electric aircraft, from flight dynamics and battery performance to the necessary ground support and personnel training. It’s a foundational project that will yield critical insights for years to come.
While this four-month trial is just one step, its implications are far-reaching. The operational blueprint developed here could serve as a model for other airlines and regions around the world. It positions New Zealand not just as a participant but as a leader in shaping the future of regional air connectivity. As we watch the ALIA CX300 take to the skies, we are witnessing a cautious but profoundly important step toward a future where air travel is cleaner, quieter, and more sustainable for everyone.
Question: What aircraft is Air New Zealand trialing? Question: What is the main purpose of this trial? Question: Will this aircraft be used for passenger flights? Question: What is the range of the BETA ALIA CX300?
A New Dawn for Aviation: Air New Zealand and BETA Launch Electric Aircraft Trials
A Strategic Leap into Sustainable Aviation
The Star of the Show: The BETA ALIA CX300
The Trial Program: A Blueprint for the Future
A Phased Approach to Testing
Building the Groundwork: Infrastructure and Training
Concluding Section: Charting a Course for Greener Skies
FAQ
Answer: Air New Zealand is trialing the BETA ALIA CX300, an all-electric, conventional take-off and landing (CTOL) aircraft designed for cargo and regional transport.
Answer: The primary purpose is to conduct a four-month technical demonstrator program to assess the aircraft’s performance in New Zealand’s specific operational conditions and to help Air New Zealand understand the requirements for integrating electric aircraft into its network.
Answer: The initial trial is focused on assessing the aircraft for cargo routes. The long-term goal of Air New Zealand’s “Next Generation Aircraft programme” includes exploring the feasibility of electric aircraft for passenger services in the future.
Answer: The aircraft has a mission range of up to approximately 398 kilometers (215 nautical miles), making it suitable for many of New Zealand’s domestic short-haul routes.
Sources
Photo Credit: Air New Zealand
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