Technology & Innovation
Safran Logs 400 Hours Testing CFM RISE Open Fan Acoustics
Safran Aircraft Engines completes 400+ wind tunnel hours on its ECOENGInE demonstrator to validate CFM RISE Open Fan acoustic models.
Safran Aircraft Engines has completed more than 400 hours of wind tunnel testing on its 1/5-scale ECOENGInE demonstrator, advancing the acoustic and aerodynamic validation of the CFM RISE Open Fan architecture.
In a press release published on June 12, 2026, the manufacturer detailed its progress following the 32nd American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and Council of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS) Aeroacoustics Conference held in Brussels, Belgium, on May 28, 2026. The testing program addresses the primary environmental and regulatory hurdle for open rotor engines: managing noise emissions without a traditional engine nacelle.
Validating the Open Fan architecture
The ECOENGInE demonstrator testing took place at the ONERA S1MA wind tunnel in France and the DNW Large Low-speed Facility in the Netherlands. The test campaign stems from a framework agreement announced on January 19, 2024, between Safran and ONERA. The French Civil Aviation Authority (DGAC) supports the initiative through the Civil Aviation Research Council (CORAC) plan, which funds research to simulate real-world airspeeds and validate the fan module’s performance.
The 400 hours of accumulated testing provide physical data to verify numerical simulations of the Open Fan configuration as it would be installed on a commercial aircraft wing. This physical validation is required to prove that the computer models accurately predict how the airflows and sound waves will behave in flight.
Acoustic challenges of the CFM RISE program
The CFM Revolutionary Innovation for Sustainable Engines (RISE) program is managed by CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between Safran Aircraft Engines and GE Aerospace. The program targets a 20% reduction in fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions compared to current-generation commercial aircraft engines, with an entry-into-service goal of 2035 for next-generation single-aisle jets.
Removing the engine nacelle is central to achieving these efficiency gains through a significantly higher bypass ratio. However, the un-ducted design exposes the fan blades, creating complex aeroacoustic phenomena. Engineers must mitigate this noise to comply with stringent airport community noise regulations and ensure passenger cabin comfort.
At the AIAA/CEAS conference, Safran authored or co-authored approximately 12 technical papers detailing these efforts. The research involves collaboration with multiple European institutions, including the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR), the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics in Belgium, and the École Centrale de Lyon in France.
AirPro News analysis
We view the accumulation of 400 wind tunnel test hours as a critical de-risking step for the CFM RISE program. While the targeted 20% fuel burn reduction offers a clear economic incentive for airlines, acoustic certification remains the most significant technical barrier for any open rotor architecture. Historical attempts at un-ducted fans in the 1980s faltered largely due to insurmountable cabin and community noise issues.
By demonstrating that modern numerical acoustic modeling aligns with physical wind tunnel data, Safran and GE Aerospace are building the foundational environmental case required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The extensive involvement of European academic and state research institutions also indicates a broad regulatory and governmental alignment behind the Open Fan concept ahead of the 2035 target date.
Sources: Safran Group
Photo Credit: Rodolphe Alary / Safran
Technology & Innovation
Joby Aviation and Toyota Form eVTOL Manufacturing Joint Venture
Joby Aviation and Toyota establish a joint venture to manufacture the S4 eVTOL, with Toyota holding a 51% stake.
Joby Aviation, Inc. (JOBY) and Toyota Motor Corporation (TM) have formalized their nearly decade-long partnership by establishing a joint venture to manufacture electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The new entity, named the Joby Toyota Aero Manufacturing Preparation Company, will focus on scaling commercial production of the Joby S4 Series eVTOL aircraft.
Announced in a press release on June 30, 2026, following a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 8-K filing on June 29, 2026, the alliance combines Joby’s electric aviation technology with Toyota’s established production systems expertise. The joint venture will operate across locations in Santa Cruz, California, and Toyota City, Japan.
Joint venture structure and financial stakes
Toyota holds a 51 percent majority stake in the new manufacturing company, acquired through the purchase of 1.02 million shares for $1.02 million. Joby retains the remaining 49 percent stake, having purchased 980,000 shares for $980,000. The joint venture will be governed by a five-member board of directors, with three members designated by Toyota and two designated by Joby.
The agreement includes specific intellectual property licensing arrangements between the two parent companies. Joby will license certain aircraft-related intellectual property to the joint venture on a royalty-free basis. In return, Toyota will license manufacturing-related intellectual property to the venture, which includes certain royalty-bearing rights.
Scaling eVTOL production
The formal joint venture builds upon a foundation of significant financial and technical support from the Japanese automaker. Toyota has provided approximately $900 million in total capital to Joby to date. The automaker is already providing technical assistance as Joby establishes a series production line for the S4 eVTOL aircraft at a facility in Ohio.
In the June 30 press release, Joby Aviation founder and CEO JoeBen Bevirt highlighted the depth of the corporate relationship.
“Toyota has been by Joby’s side for nearly a decade, providing invaluable guidance and support as we built the foundation for Manufacturing our aircraft. Today’s announcement reflects the strength of our relationship and our shared confidence in the opportunity ahead.”
Toyota Motor Corporation Chairman Akio Toyoda stated that the company views air mobility as a natural extension of its philosophy of providing mobility for all, expanding its focus from the ground into the sky to bring new value to society.
Certification progress and next steps
The manufacturing alliance aligns with Joby’s ongoing Certification efforts with the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). During the first quarter of 2026, Joby began flying its first FAA-conforming aircraft for type inspection authorization. This testing phase is a required step as the company works toward achieving full FAA type certification for the S4 Series.
With the joint venture now legally established, the two companies will begin integrating their engineering and manufacturing teams across the California and Japan facilities to prepare for high-volume aircraft production.
AirPro News analysis
We view the formalization of the Joby Toyota Aero Manufacturing Preparation Company as a critical de-risking event for Joby’s production ambitions. While designing and certifying an eVTOL aircraft presents significant regulatory hurdles, manufacturing these vehicles at scale with automotive-style efficiency is an entirely different challenge that has historically troubled aerospace Startups. By securing a majority-stake commitment from Toyota, Joby gains direct access to one of the world’s most proven manufacturing systems. Furthermore, the intellectual property arrangement, where Toyota retains royalty-bearing rights on its manufacturing processes, suggests the automaker sees long-term revenue potential in aerospace production beyond its initial capital Investments.
Photo Credit: Joby Aviation
Sustainable Aviation
KBR Selected for Asia’s First Ethanol-to-Jet SAF Plant in Singapore
KBR will provide PureSAF technology licensing and FEED services for a 100,000-ton/year SAF facility on Jurong Island, Singapore.
On June 29, 2026, KBR announced its selection by Keppel Ltd. and Aster Chemicals and Energy to provide technology licensing and Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) services for a proposed 100,000-ton-per-year SAF (SAF) facility on Jurong Island, Singapore.
The planned facility is envisioned as Asia’s first commercial-scale ethanol-to-jet (EtJ) SAF plant. According to the KBR press release, the project will utilize the company’s PureSAF technology to produce a 100% drop-in jet fuel, supporting Singapore’s national mandate to increase sustainability usage across the aviation sector.
PureSAF technology and project scope
The Jurong Island facility will leverage PureSAF, a technology originally developed by Swedish Biofuels AB and engineered for commercial-scale production by KBR, which holds the exclusive global license. The process is designed to convert ethanol into aviation fuel that requires no blending with conventional Jet A or Jet A-1 before use.
In a statement accompanying the announcement, KBR President and CEO Stuart Bradie highlighted the system’s flexibility.
“KBR’s PureSAF is a feedstock-flexible, bankable technology that is designed to deliver a 100% drop in jet fuel, ready to power aircraft without blending. We are constantly innovating our SAF solution to make it compatible with feedstock availability in different regions and to enable the aviation industry to transition to low-carbon jet fuel with a cost-optimized approach.”
The FEED study will determine the technical configuration and project capital expenditure required for the facility. The development remains subject to regulatory approvals and a final investment decision (FID) by the project partners.
Aligning with Singapore’s aviation mandates
The selection of KBR follows a January 28, 2026, agreement between Keppel’s Infrastructure Division and Aster to jointly assess the development of the Jurong Island site. Aster operates as a joint venture between Indonesian petrochemical company Chandra Asri and Swiss commodities trader Glencore.
The proposed 100,000-ton annual production capacity aligns directly with targets set by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS). Starting in 2026, the CAAS mandates a 1% SAF uplift for all departing flights from the country, with a stated goal of increasing that requirement to between 3% and 5% by 2030.
Alongside the SAF plant contract, KBR and Keppel signed a Memorandum of Intent to collaborate on broader energy transition initiatives. The companies plan to explore technologies related to waste-to-energy, plastic recycling, biofuels, and artificial intelligence-driven digitalization.
AirPro News analysis
We view the progression of the Jurong Island project to the FEED stage as a critical indicator of the Asia-Pacific region’s readiness to scale SAF production. While North America and Europe have led early SAF capacity investments, Singapore’s firm regulatory mandate provides the demand certainty required to underwrite commercial-scale facilities in Southeast Asia. The choice of an ethanol-to-jet pathway is particularly notable, as it allows operators to bypass the constrained supply of fats, oils, and greases that limit hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) production volumes. The project’s ultimate realization hinges on the upcoming final investment decision, which will test the commercial viability of the EtJ process in the current economic environment.
Sources: KBR
Photo Credit: KBR
Technology & Innovation
Mako Aerospace Indicates $28M Series A for Electric Jet Engine
Scottish startup Mako Aerospace indicates a $28M Series A to advance its superconductor-based all-electric jet engine prototype.
Mako Aerospace, a Scottish aerospace startups developing all-electric jet engine technology, has indicated the closure of a $28 million Series A funding round to advance its propulsion systems.
A URL published on the company’s domain outlines the capital injection for the Dunfermline-based manufacturers. Mako Aerospace is currently developing “The Forerunner,” an all-electric jet engine prototype utilizing superconductor technology designed to extend the range of electric aircraft.
Advancing all-electric propulsion
Led by Chief Executive Officer Kieran Duncan and Chief Operations Officer Pia Saelen, Mako Aerospace is focused on reducing operating expenses for aircraft operators. The company targets a 70% reduction in fuel costs compared to traditional turboprop engines using its proprietary technology.
In September 2022, Mako Aerospace announced a partnerships with the National Manufacturing Institute Scotland (NMIS) to manufacture the prototype of its electric jet engine. The reported $28 million Series A would provide the capital required to scale this development and pursue experimental certification for the propulsion system.
Funding verification and industry context
The $28 million funding figure originates from a dedicated URL on the Mako Aerospace website. The primary press release is not currently accessible through public web searches, and the funding round has not yet been confirmed by regulatory filings or secondary financial press.
If completed, a $28 million Series A represents a substantial investments in the electric aviation sector. Startups developing novel propulsion systems require significant early-stage capital to transition from conceptual design to physical prototyping and testing.
AirPro News analysis
We note that while the $28 million figure is substantial for a regional aerospace startup at this stage, the lack of accessible public filings or widespread syndication of the press release warrants caution. Developing an all-electric jet engine using superconductors is a highly capital-intensive process. If the funding is fully realized, it will likely bridge the gap between the NMIS-supported prototype phase and initial ground testing. Certification by aviation authorities remains a distant and expensive hurdle for any novel propulsion technology.
Sources: Mako Aerospace
Photo Credit: Mako