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Rolls-Royce and EasyJet Complete 100% Hydrogen Engine Flight Cycle Test

Rolls-Royce and EasyJet tested a 100% hydrogen-powered Pearl 15 engine simulating full flight cycles at NASA, advancing hydrogen propulsion for aviation.

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This article summarizes reporting by easyJet.

Rolls-Royce and EasyJet have successfully completed a simulated flight cycle test using a 100% Hydrogen-powered aircraft engine. The ground tests, conducted at NASA’s Stennis Space Centre in Mississippi, utilized an adapted Pearl 15 engine to replicate the power outputs required during all critical stages of a commercial flight, including start-up, cruise, landing, and take-off.

According to reporting by gasworld, this milestone builds upon previous collaborative efforts between the two aviation companies. These prior achievements include a 2023 test of an annular combustor operating on pure hydrogen, as well as a November 2022 demonstration that was recognized as a world first for running a modern aero engine on the zero-emission fuel.

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While the broader aviation industry remains heavily focused on SAF to meet near-term decarbonization mandates, this successful demonstration highlights the ongoing technical viability of hydrogen as a long-term propulsion alternative for single-aisle commercial jets.

Advancing Hydrogen Propulsion Technology

The recent trials in Mississippi represent a significant step forward in understanding hydrogen combustion dynamics within aerospace engineering. As noted by gasworld, the tests evaluated the engine’s performance across a full operational profile, providing critical data for future development.

Hydrogen presents unique engineering hurdles compared to conventional Jet A-1 fuel. It burns more rapidly and possesses a broader flammability range. Consequently, engineers must manage complex variables, including flame stability, the mitigation of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and the logistical challenges of handling a fuel with exceptionally low volumetric energy density.

The trial gave the duo the “clearest understanding” of how hydrogen behaves in modern aero gas turbines.

, Adam Newman, Rolls-Royce’s Chief Engineer for the Hydrogen Demonstrator Programme, as reported by gasworld.

Application to the UltraFan Programme

Insights gained from the Pearl 15 testing will directly inform Rolls-Royce’s next-generation engine designs. The manufacturer is currently applying these learnings to its UltraFan initiative, which features a massive 140-inch fan engine. According to the source report, this technology could potentially be made available for commercial aircraft service by 2030.

Industry Context and the Path to Decarbonization

The Partnerships between EasyJet and Rolls-Royce is formalized under the H2Zero initiative, a program launched in 2022 to accelerate the development of hydrogen engine technology. Both companies are also active members of the Hydrogen in Aviation Alliance, a UK-based advocacy group targeted at securing funding for green flight initiatives.

Despite these technological strides, widespread commercial deployment of hydrogen aircraft faces substantial bottlenecks. The low energy density of hydrogen necessitates radical changes to aircraft design to accommodate larger fuel tanks. Furthermore, the industry must overcome massive hurdles related to airport infrastructure, green hydrogen production at scale, and stringent regulatory approvals.

AirPro News analysis

We observe that while hydrogen propulsion captures significant research investment from major aerospace players like Airbus, the immediate regulatory and operational focus remains firmly on Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). For instance, the European Union’s ReFuelEU Aviation mandate requires Airlines to incorporate 10% SAF by 2030, scaling up to 70% by 2050.

Because SAF can be used as a “drop-in” fuel with existing airframes and airport infrastructure, it provides a more immediate pathway to emissions reduction. Hydrogen, by contrast, represents a generational shift in aviation technology. The successful Stennis Space Centre tests prove the fundamental engine physics are sound, but the surrounding ecosystem, from cryogenic storage to global supply chains, will likely keep hydrogen passenger flights in the experimental or regional phases well into the next decade.

Frequently Asked Questions

What engine was used in the recent hydrogen test?

An adapted Rolls-Royce Pearl 15 engine was utilized to simulate a full commercial flight cycle on 100% hydrogen fuel.

Where did the testing take place?

The ground tests were conducted at NASA’s Stennis Space Centre, located in Mississippi.

When might this hydrogen technology enter commercial service?

Learnings from these tests are being applied to the Rolls-Royce UltraFan programme, which gasworld reports could potentially see aircraft service by 2030.


Sources: easyJet

Photo Credit: EasyJet

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Reliable Robotics Raises $115M, Valuation Tops $1 Billion

Reliable Robotics extends its Series D to $275M and crosses a $1B valuation as FAA certification work advances.

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Reliable Robotics Raises $115M, Valuation Tops $1 Billion

Reliable Robotics has secured $115 million in new capital, pushing the autonomous aviation startup’s valuation past the $1 billion mark and accelerating its push toward Federal Aviation Administration certification.

The Mountain View, California-based company announced the funding extension on October 20, 2026, in a press release. The capital injection upsizes its Series D round to $275 million and will fund the expansion of its aircraft fleet and production capacity for its Reliable Autonomy System.

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Funding structure and strategic expansion

The new funding consists of $90 million in equity and a $25 million term loan provided by Silicon Valley Bank. This extension follows the initial $160 million Series D round announced on April 21, 2026. The latest injection brings the company’s total equity capital raised to date to more than $380 million.

A broad coalition of investors participated in the round, including Nimble Partners, Gideon Capital, RockCreek, Geek Ventures, Gold Hill Capital, Sparkwave Capital, Island Green Partners, and Allen & Company.

The company will use the funds to scale its operations and expand its physical footprint. Reliable Robotics is opening a new engineering hub in Bothell, Washington, which will serve as a center of excellence for its radar program by tapping into the established aerospace talent pool in the Seattle area. The company is also expanding with a new office in San Diego, California, supporting a workforce that now exceeds 250 employees.

Crossing $1 billion in valuation is a significant milestone in Reliable’s mission to deliver certified autonomous flight systems that make aviation safer and more accessible.

Certification timeline and technology

Reliable Robotics is actively submitting evidence to the FAA for the certification of its continuous autopilot engagement system. The technology is designed to manage engine startup, taxiing, takeoff, and landing while a pilot remains onboard the aircraft. The company expects to achieve FAA certification for this system within 18 to 24 months.

Robert Rose, co-founder and chief executive officer of Reliable Robotics, noted that the company continues to make steady progress and deliver evidence to the FAA, moving closer to certification with each submission.

The company is also developing its solid-state collision-avoidance technology, known as Reliable Radar. Certification for the radar system is expected by the end of 2027. These systems are engineered to prevent the leading causes of aviation accidents, specifically loss of control (LOC) and controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).

A secondary certification phase, which would remove the pilot from the cockpit entirely to enable fully remote operations, is projected to take at least three years.

Retrofitting the existing cargo fleet

Founded in 2017 by former SpaceX and Tesla engineers Robert Rose and Juerg Frefel, Reliable Robotics has adopted a distinct strategy within the autonomous flight sector. Rather than designing and manufacturing clean-sheet aircraft, the company focuses on certifying autonomous systems for integration into existing, proven airframes.

The initial target for commercial certification is the Cessna 208B Grand Caravan, a widely used turboprop in the regional Cargo aircraft market. By retrofitting certified aircraft, Reliable Robotics aims to integrate its technology into the existing National Airspace System without requiring new infrastructure or entirely new regulatory frameworks.

This approach has generated significant market interest. The company has secured over 200 commitments from commercial and military customers. In the defense and government sectors, Reliable Robotics holds a $17.4 million contract with the United States Air Forces and participates in National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase III agreements.

AirPro News analysis

We view the equity-plus-debt structure of this Series D extension as a calculated move by Reliable Robotics to secure necessary runway while minimizing ownership dilution. The autonomous aviation sector is highly capital-intensive, and reaching the certification finish line often requires more funding than initial projections suggest. By securing a $25 million term loan alongside the $90 million in equity, the founders are protecting their cap table while ensuring they have the resources to complete the rigorous FAA certification process.

Furthermore, the company’s strategy of retrofitting the Cessna 208B Grand Caravan provides a clearer path to revenue than competitors attempting to certify entirely new aircraft designs. By focusing on the autonomy system rather than the airframe, Reliable Robotics bypasses the aerodynamic and structural certification hurdles that clean-sheet manufacturers face. The military contracts and NASA agreements also provide non-dilutive capital and operational validation, which likely contributed to the company’s ability to achieve a valuation over $1 billion in a challenging venture capital environment.

Photo Credit: Reliable Robotics

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Norway Selected for Electra EL2 eSTOL Demo Flights in 2027

Bristow, Electra, Avinor, and CAA Norway select five sites for hybrid-electric eSTOL demonstration flights in Q3 2027.

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Norway Selected for Electra EL2 eSTOL Demo Flights in 2027

Bristow Group Inc., Electra, Avinor, and the Civil Aviation Authority of Norway (CAA Norway) have selected five locations across Norway to host demonstration flights of Electra’s hybrid-electric ultra-short takeoff and landing (eSTOL) technology demonstrator in the third quarter of 2027.

Announced in a joint press release on October 19, 2026, the initiative will test infrastructure, airspace integration, and regulatory frameworks across three distinct operating environments to prepare for the commercial introduction of hybrid-electric aircraft.

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Testing eSTOL capabilities across diverse environments

The demonstration flights will take place at Horvnes quay near Sandnessjøen, Kongsbergporten Business Park, Trondheim Airport, Oslo Airport, and Mosjøen Airport. These locations were chosen to represent a cross-section of Norwegian aviation infrastructure, ranging from novel landing sites without established runways to short-runway regional facilities and major international aviation hubs.

The site selection follows an April 21, 2026 partnership agreement among the four organizations to use Norway as an international test arena for zero- and low-emission aviation technologies. Avinor, a state-owned company responsible for 43 airports and Norway’s air navigation services, is facilitating the infrastructure integration.

What matters is not the individual location itself, but that we are able to test the technology under different conditions and in different parts of the aviation system. This will give us insight into what is required in terms of infrastructure, airspace, procedures and regulations when new types of aircraft are ready to enter service in Norway.

The statement was provided by Karianne Helland Strand, Executive Vice President of Sustainability and Infrastructure at Avinor.

Bristow Group Inc., a global provider of aviation services, will operate the flights. Dave Stepanek, Executive Vice President and Chief Transformation Officer at Bristow, noted that the selected locations will allow the partners to demonstrate the operational flexibility of the aircraft across varied environments. He added that detailed planning for the 2027 flight demonstrations will now begin.

Regulatory integration and the path to commercial service

A primary objective of the 2027 flights is to generate data for regulatory authorities. FAA Norway will use the demonstrations to evaluate how eSTOL aircraft can safely share airspace with conventional air traffic and whether current aviation regulations require modification to accommodate hybrid-electric operations.

When we test new aircraft technologies in such a range of different scenarios, we will be able to assess whether the existing regulatory framework is fit for purpose. It is also valuable for us to build knowledge about how a new type of aircraft with specific characteristics can be safely integrated with other air traffic.

The remarks were made by Jan Petter Steinland, Director of Innovation, Research and Sustainability at CAA Norway.

Electra views the Norwegian demonstrations as a foundational step toward a new operational model. Diana Siegel, Vice President of Commercial Programs at Electra, stated that the flights will lay the groundwork for a “Direct Aviation ecosystem” that connects major airport hubs directly with communities lacking traditional runways.

Electra’s eSTOL development and market positioning

The aircraft slated for the Norwegian demonstrations is the Electra EL2, also known as the Goldfinch. The EL2 is a two-seat technology demonstrator that utilizes blown-lift aerodynamics and distributed electric propulsion to achieve takeoffs and landings in under 170 feet (approximately 50 meters). The demonstrator previously completed its first urban flight on June 2, 2026, landing on a pier in downtown Charleston, South Carolina.

Data gathered from the EL2 flights will inform the development of the Electra EL9, the company’s planned nine-passenger commercial variant. The EL9 combines electric propulsion with a turbogenerator powered by SAF. According to Electra, this hybrid approach aims to deliver 2.5 times the payload and 10 times the range of pure electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, with 70 percent lower operating costs than traditional helicopters.

Electra has secured more than 2,200 letters of intent from over 60 commercial customers for the EL9. To meet this anticipated demand, the company announced an $850 million investment on July 21, 2026, to build a manufacturing facility in Springfield, Ohio. The factory is projected to produce up to 800 EL9 aircraft annually and create nearly 2,000 jobs.

On September 15, 2026, Electra signed an agreement with Atlas to manufacture and assemble airframes for the EL9 prototypes at facilities in Wichita, Kansas. The first prototypes are expected to be delivered for flight testing in 2027, aligning with the company’s target to achieve Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Part 23 type certification in 2029.

AirPro News analysis

The selection of Norway as a testing ground highlights a strategic divergence in the advanced air mobility (AAM) sector. While much of the industry has focused on eVTOL designs for urban air mobility, Electra’s eSTOL approach bypasses the severe battery weight penalties associated with vertical lift. By requiring just 50 meters of runway, the EL9 can operate from repurposed maritime infrastructure, business parks, and the existing network of short-runway regional airports.

We view Norway as the ideal proving ground for this operational model. The country’s challenging geography of fjords and scattered coastal communities relies heavily on a subsidized regional air network managed by Avinor. If Bristow and Electra can successfully demonstrate reliable, low-emission operations in these environments during the 2027 test campaign, it will provide a compelling proof-of-concept for eSTOL technology as a viable replacement for aging regional turboprops and expensive helicopter transport.

Photo Credit: Bristow Group Inc.

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Archer Aviation Midnight eVTOL Completes Bay Area Flight Tour

Archer Aviation’s Midnight eVTOL logged 200+ miles across the San Francisco Bay Area, ahead of LA flights under the FAA’s eIPP.

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Archer Aviation Midnight eVTOL Completes Bay Area Flight Tour

Archer Aviation Inc. (ACHR) has concluded the Northern California phase of its nationwide flight tour, accumulating over 200 flight miles with its Midnight electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft across the San Francisco Bay Area.

The piloted demonstration flights included operations out of Oakland International Airport (OAK) and were designed to test the aircraft’s integration into the complex airspace surrounding three major international hubs. In a press release issued on October 19, 2026, the company stated that the operational experience gathered will support upcoming flights in Los Angeles under a federal airspace integration initiative.

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Navigating Bay Area airspace

The Northern California leg of the “No Roads” tour included stops in Salinas, Hollister, San Martin, San Jose, Mountain View, and Hayward before culminating in the Bay Area. During the final phase, the Midnight aircraft conducted multiple flights taking off and landing at Oakland. One highlighted route connected Oakland to San Francisco’s Marina District, a journey the aircraft completed in approximately 10 minutes. The company contrasted this with the hour or more required to make the same trip by car in typical traffic.

Adam Goldstein, Founder and CEO of Archer Aviation, emphasized the operational goals of the regional tour.

Flying Midnight across multiple cities in Northern California shows we can connect communities with no roads, no traffic, and no emissions in minutes instead of hours. That’s the future we’re working towards bringing to the Bay Area, Los Angeles and cities across the country.

While the flight demonstrated the aircraft’s point-to-point capabilities, technology publication PCMag noted that the Marina District has not housed an active commercial air facility since 1944. The flight served as a capability demonstration rather than a test of an active commercial route.

Midnight aircraft specifications

The Midnight is a piloted, four-passenger air taxi powered by 12 electric motors and six independent battery packs. According to technical specifications provided by the manufacturer, the aircraft is designed for rapid back-to-back trips of 20 to 50 miles. It features an advertised cruise speed of 150 mph and requires approximately 10 minutes of recharging time between flights.

During the Bay Area demonstrations, the aircraft reached a top speed of 131 mph. The manufacturer also highlights the aircraft’s acoustic profile, estimating that it produces 45 decibels of noise during forward flight, a metric designed to facilitate operations in noise-sensitive urban environments.

The path to commercial operations

The data collected during the Northern California tour sets the stage for Archer’s next phase of testing in Southern California. The company plans to fly the Midnight aircraft in Los Angeles as part of the eVTOL Integration Pilot Program (eIPP). Announced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) in March 2026, the eIPP is a White House-backed initiative designed to accelerate the testing and integration of electric aircraft into the national airspace system.

Archer is preparing for its role as the Official Air Taxi Provider of the LA28 Olympic Games. The company is competing in a rapidly developing sector alongside manufacturers like Joby Aviation, which began its own eIPP demonstration flights in the Dallas-Fort Worth region in September 2026.

Archer’s operational push follows a corporate restructuring on August 10, 2026, when the company agreed to acquire three autonomous aviation subsidiaries from The Boeing Company (BA). Following the transfer of Wisk Aero, SkyGrid, and Insitu, Boeing retained a 19.75 percent ownership stake in Archer.

AirPro News analysis

We view the transition from controlled test environments to complex urban airspace as a critical milestone for the eVTOL sector. Operating in the vicinity of San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose requires coordination with multiple air traffic control facilities and demonstrates the aircraft’s ability to integrate into existing traffic flows. However, the Marina District landing highlights a parallel challenge for the industry. While the aircraft can physically complete the 10-minute journey, the lack of existing infrastructure in dense urban neighborhoods underscores that the success of urban air mobility will depend as much on local zoning and vertiport development as it does on aircraft certification.

Photo Credit: Archer Aviation

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