The European Union surpassed its initial Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) mandate in 2025, with SAF accounting for 2.79 percent of all jet fuel supplied to EU airports during the first mandatory reporting year.

According to the 2026 ReFuelEU Aviation Annual Technical Report published by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) on September 17, 2026, fuel suppliers delivered 1.1 million tonnes of SAF against a total aviation fuel supply of 39.3 million tonnes. The 2.79 percent blend rate comfortably exceeded the 2 percent minimum required by the ReFuelEU regulation for 2025. This uptake resulted in an estimated reduction of 3.77 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent greenhouse gas emissions.

“We are pleased to confirm that the SAF mandate under ReFuelEU Aviation was not only met but exceeded,” EASA Executive Director Florian Guillermet stated in the agency’s press release.

Compliance and distribution across European hubs

The EASA report indicates high compliance rates across the sector. Ninety-three percent of aircraft operators and 90 percent of fuel suppliers fulfilled their reporting obligations in 2025. EASA noted that noncompliance among aircraft operators was primarily limited to small business jet operators, nonscheduled carriers, and third-country operators that failed to respond to competent authorities.

SAF distribution reached 121 Airports across all 27 Member States, representing 79 percent of all Union airports. Uptake was heavily concentrated at major European hubs. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (AMS) accounted for 29 percent of the tracked SAF supply, followed by Frankfurt Airport (FRA) at 8 percent and Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG) at 7 percent.

Supply chain dynamics and feedstock dependencies

While the headline blending figures demonstrate regulatory success, the technical report reveals a structural reliance on imported raw materials. Although 86 percent of the SAF supplied at EU airports was refined domestically within the European Union, 85 percent of the underlying feedstocks originated from outside the bloc.

The primary feedstock utilized was Used Cooking Oil (UCO) processed via the Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) pathway. Of the imported feedstocks, 61 percent originated from China, with additional volumes sourced from Malaysia and Indonesia. On the refining side, Neste’s Rotterdam facility alone produced 33 percent of all European SAF in 2025.

AirPro News analysis

The successful implementation of the 2 percent mandate in 2025 proves that the logistical framework for SAF distribution at major European hubs is functional. However, the heavy reliance on Asian Used Cooking Oil presents a long-term vulnerability for European aviation. As the ReFuelEU mandate scales to 6 percent in 2030, the Regulations will also introduce sub-mandates for synthetic aviation fuels (e-fuels). With approximately 50 synthetic fuel projects awaiting final investment decisions and no large-scale e-fuel facilities currently operational in Europe, we anticipate significant capital mobilization will be required over the next 36 months to prevent future supply bottlenecks and reduce dependency on imported biomass.

Sources: European Union Aviation Safety Agency

Vertical Aerospace officially opened its dedicated Aircraft Assembly Centre at Cotswold Airport on September 25, 2026, marking the company’s transition from prototype development to early-stage manufacturing. The facility will produce certification-conforming Valo electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft as the manufacturers targets UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Type Certification in 2029.

In a press release issued to coincide with the United Kingdom’s National Manufacturing Day, Vertical Aerospace detailed a £1.5 million investment in the Kemble site. The opening follows a September 24, 2026, announcement that the company has initiated a review of strategic alternatives and appointed Jefferies as a financial advisor to support its next phase of development.

Facility capabilities and production timeline

The new Aircraft Assembly Centre adds 60,000 square feet of operational space, bringing Vertical Aerospace’s total footprint at Cotswold Airport to 130,000 square feet. The facility is designed to assemble up to 25 Valo aircraft annually during the early production phase.

Assembly of the first certification-conforming aircraft is expected to begin in Q4 2027. These aircraft will be used for compliance demonstration and verification testing with the UK CAA. Vertical Aerospace CEO Stuart Simpson stated that the facility provides the capability needed to assemble certification aircraft and support initial customer deliveries while maintaining capital discipline ahead of higher-volume production.

The company expects to announce plans for a separate, full-scale production facility for higher-volume manufacturing in Q4 2026.

Economic impact and defense applications

The facility opening drew attention from UK government and industry officials. Minister for Reindustrialisation Blair McDougall MP and Make UK Chief Executive Stephen Phipson highlighted the project’s alignment with national manufacturing goals.

“The opening of Vertical Aerospace’s new Aircraft Assembly Centre at Kemble is exactly the kind of investment we want to see more of as we work to reindustrialise Britain, creating high-skilled local jobs and strengthening our manufacturing base,” McDougall said in the company’s release.

Independent analysis by Frontier Economics projects that Vertical Aerospace could anchor 2,000 high-value jobs and contribute an estimated £3 billion annually to the UK economy by 2035.

Beyond commercial passenger applications, the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) has confirmed interest in the manufacturer’s hybrid-electric and autonomous capabilities. Vertical Aerospace plans to retrofit a prototype aircraft for hybrid-electric flight testing in H1 2027 to support these defense evaluations.

AirPro News analysis

The back-to-back announcements on September 24 and September 25 highlight the dual tracks eVTOL developers must navigate: advancing physical industrialization while securing the capital required to reach certification. Opening the Aircraft Assembly Centre demonstrates tangible progress toward the 2029 CAA certification target and provides a dedicated space for the rigorous compliance testing required for passenger operations.

However, the concurrent strategic review and appointment of Jefferies indicate that we are entering a critical capitalization phase for the sector. Transitioning from prototype assembly to a planned capacity of 25 aircraft annually requires significant resources. The stated strategy of maintaining capital discipline at the Cotswold facility while deferring the announcement of a larger, full-scale production site until Q4 2026 suggests a phased approach to scaling that aligns with the realities of current aerospace investments markets.

Sources: Vertical Aerospace

A coalition including ECU Health, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has launched a flight testing initiative to evaluate all-electric aircraft for medical logistics across rural North Carolina.

The Electric Logistics and Integrated Flight Testing (eLIFT-NC) program, detailed in a September 24, 2026, press release, operates under the FAA’s eVTOL Integration Pilot Program (eIPP). The initiative aims to demonstrate how electric-aviation can establish a practical healthcare supply network while informing future Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) regulations.

Flight operations and route network

Initial flight operations commenced on September 17, 2026. BETA Technologies deployed its ALIA Conventional Takeoff and Landing (CTOL) all-electric aircraft for the campaign, conducting flights that simulated the delivery of medical supplies, equipment, and disaster recovery resources.

The route network connects the Research Triangle to coastal areas. Specific flight segments were completed between Raleigh Executive Jetport (TTA), Pitt-Greenville Airport (PGV), and Dare County Regional Airport (MEO). During the initial phase, the ALIA aircraft covered more than 1,300 nautical miles. To support ongoing and future operations, BETA Technologies is developing more than 15 charging sites across the state.

The operational phase followed a March 2026 announcement by the NCDOT Division of Aviation confirming its selection for the federal pilot program. An official kick-off event took place at TTA on September 23, 2026, attended by North-America Governor Josh Stein and project stakeholders, including Joby Aviation, Metro Aviation, and WakeMed.

Healthcare logistics and rural access

ECU Health serves approximately 1.4 million patients across 29 primarily rural counties in eastern North Carolina. The health system is utilizing the eLIFT-NC program to test the viability of bypassing traditional ground transport limitations for critical medical deliveries.

“As a national leader in rural healthcare, ECU Health is helping build the model for how health systems, government agencies and innovative partners can work together to improve access and outcomes in rural communities,” said Brian Floyd, Chief Operating Officer of ECU Health. “Public partnerships like eLIFT-NC are essential to translating next-generation ideas into real-world solutions that bring care closer to home.”

BETA Technologies Founder and Chief Executive Officer Kyle Clark noted that medical applications have been a core focus for the manufacturers since its inception.

“We are supporting North Carolina’s world-class healthcare systems by using cost-effective, electric flight to overcome the distance that can make it difficult to get critical supplies, specialists, and care where they need to go,” Clark said.

Regulatory implications for Advanced Air Mobility

The eLIFT-NC initiative is part of a broader national push by the FAA to integrate AAM and electric aircraft into the national airspace system. BETA Technologies is currently participating in seven of the eight eIPP programs selected nationwide by the FAA, having previously conducted similar missions in Virginia, Maryland, Louisiana, and Texas.

NCDOT Deputy Secretary for Multimodal Transportation Julie White stated that the state is prepared to integrate these aircraft into its existing infrastructure to expand mobility options and demonstrate the benefits of electric aviation to residents.

AirPro News analysis

We view medical logistics as the most viable near-term application for Advanced Air Mobility. High-value, time-sensitive, and low-weight payloads like medical supplies align perfectly with the current payload and range limitations of first-generation electric aircraft. By focusing on cargo rather than passenger transport, manufacturers and operators can accumulate critical flight hours and reliability data in lower-risk environments. This operational experience provides the FAA with the empirical data required to establish permanent certification and operational rules for the broader AAM sector. The clear public benefit of rural healthcare access also helps secure local government support and infrastructure investment, as evidenced by the rapid expansion of charging networks in North Carolina.

Sources: ECU Health, BETA Technologies