Defense & Military
Turkish Aerospace and Airbus Expand HÜRJET Export to Spain
TUSAŞ and Airbus partner to export the HÜRJET jet trainer to Spain, enhancing European defense with advanced aerospace collaboration.
The defense landscape in Europe is undergoing a transformation, marked by a strategic collaboration between Turkish Aerospace Industries (TUSAŞ) and Airbus. The recent agreement to export Türkiye’s HÜRJET advanced jet trainer to Spain highlights not only the growing capabilities of Türkiye’s aerospace sector but also a shift in European defense procurement strategies. This development comes at a time when NATO allies are seeking cost-effective, technologically advanced solutions to modernize their air forces.
The partnership, formalized during the IDEF 2025 defense fair in Istanbul, is a milestone for both parties. For TUSAŞ, it marks a significant export achievement and validates years of research and development in indigenous defense technologies. For Airbus, it represents a diversification of its portfolio and a deeper integration into the European defense training systems market.
In this article, we explore the historical context of the TUSAŞ-Airbus partnership, the technical attributes of the HÜRJET, the structure of the new agreement, and the broader strategic implications for the defense industry in Europe and beyond.
Collaboration between TUSAŞ and Airbus dates back several years, rooted in both civilian and military aerospace initiatives. TUSAŞ has long been a supplier for Airbus commercial aircraft programs, contributing structural components such as rudder parts for the A320 and assemblies for the A350F freighter. These contributions have established TUSAŞ as a reliable partner within the European aerospace supply chain.
Beyond manufacturing, the partnership has extended into educational and training domains. A notable example is the Aviation Vocational School in Kahramanmaraş, co-developed by Airbus and TUSAŞ. This initiative aims to cultivate a skilled workforce tailored to the evolving needs of the aerospace industry, thereby reinforcing long-term collaboration.
In May 2025, the relationship took a more strategic turn with the signing of a memorandum of understanding (MoU) during the FEINDEF defense exhibition in Madrid. This agreement involved Airbus, TUSAŞ, and a consortium of 15 Spanish defense companies under the “Team Spain” initiative. The MoU laid the groundwork for integrating the HÜRJET into Spain’s defense training infrastructure and set the stage for the formal export agreement signed two months later.
The collaboration has also emphasized mutual development through education and industrial training. Programs like the aviation school in Türkiye aim to standardize aerospace education and align skill sets across both countries. This alignment is critical for seamless integration during joint production and maintenance phases of platforms like the HÜRJET.
Such initiatives not only ensure a pipeline of skilled labor but also foster cultural and technical exchange, which is essential for long-term industrial cooperation. Airbus and TUSAŞ have both expressed commitment to expanding these programs as the HÜRJET project progresses. This educational collaboration complements the technical partnership, creating a holistic ecosystem that supports both current and future projects between the two companies.
“This agreement will further deepen defense industry cooperation between our nations and open new pathways for Turkish engineering in Europe’s future aviation projects.”, Dr. Mehmet Demiroğlu, CEO of TUSAŞ
The HÜRJET is Türkiye’s first indigenously developed supersonic jet trainer, designed to replace aging trainer fleets and prepare pilots for fifth-generation fighter platforms. It features a single-engine, twin-seat configuration and is capable of reaching speeds up to Mach 1.4. The aircraft includes advanced avionics, a human-machine interface, and an embedded training system that integrates seamlessly with ground-based simulators.
Spain’s current trainer fleet, based on the Northrop F-5M, has been in service since the early 1970s. The need for a modern replacement has become increasingly urgent due to maintenance challenges and technological obsolescence. The HÜRJET, with its modern architecture and training capabilities, emerged as a suitable candidate under Spain’s Integrated Training System (ITS-C) program.
As of mid-2025, the HÜRJET had completed over 210 test flights, including supersonic trials. These milestones have demonstrated its readiness for operational deployment and bolstered its credibility in international markets.
One of the HÜRJET’s key strengths lies in its integrated training ecosystem. The aircraft is part of the Training 360 System, which includes simulators, mission planning tools, and debriefing systems. This reduces the need for live flight hours and enhances pilot readiness through high-fidelity simulations.
Its avionics suite supports mission-specific configurations, allowing it to serve not only as a trainer but also in light combat roles. This dual-use capability increases its value proposition for air forces seeking versatile platforms.
Furthermore, the aircraft’s design prioritizes cost efficiency. Its single-engine layout results in lower fuel consumption and maintenance costs compared to twin-engine alternatives, making it an attractive option for budget-conscious defense ministries.
Signed during the IDEF 2025 defense exhibition in Istanbul, the agreement between TUSAŞ and Airbus outlines a phased approach to delivering up to 30 HÜRJET aircraft to Spain. The final contract is expected to be signed by the end of 2025, with initial deliveries scheduled for 2028. The deal includes a clear division of responsibilities: TUSAŞ will manufacture the base aircraft, while Airbus will oversee the integration of Spanish-specific systems and ensure compliance with European certification standards. Spanish defense companies are also expected to participate in subsystem production, fulfilling national industrial participation requirements.
The agreement is structured in two phases. The first involves the delivery of 15–20 aircraft in their base configuration to meet Spain’s immediate needs. The second phase will focus on localized production and integration of Spanish-manufactured avionics and control systems.
One of the core components of the agreement is the inclusion of Spanish industry in the production process. This not only satisfies political and economic requirements but also lays the groundwork for future co-development projects.
Airbus will act as the prime integrator, ensuring that Spanish-specific modifications do not disrupt the overall development timeline. This requires careful program management, particularly as TUSAŞ is also engaged in other major projects like the KAAN fifth-generation fighter.
The agreement also includes provisions for joint training programs and maintenance support, further solidifying the long-term nature of the partnership.
“We must be careful not to overburden the core development team during this process.”, Jean-Brice Dumont, Head of Air Power, Airbus
The expanded cooperation between TUSAŞ and Airbus marks a significant milestone in both companies’ strategic trajectories. For Türkiye, it validates its aerospace capabilities on the European stage. For Airbus and Spain, it offers a cost-effective, modern solution to an urgent operational requirement while fostering industrial growth.
Looking forward, the success of the HÜRJET program could serve as a template for future collaborations, including potential exports to other NATO members. The partnership also opens doors for joint R&D in next-generation platforms, including unmanned systems and space technologies. As defense needs evolve, such strategic alliances will become increasingly vital in maintaining technological edge and operational readiness.
What is the HÜRJET? Why did Spain choose the HÜRJET? When will the HÜRJET be delivered to Spain?
Strategic Cooperation Between Turkish Aerospace and Airbus Expands Further: Focus on HÜRJET Export to Spain
Historical Context of TUSAŞ-Airbus Collaboration
Educational and Industrial Synergies
The HÜRJET Program and Spain’s Jet Trainer Requirement
Technical Capabilities and Training Architecture
The 2025 Agreement: Structure and Implementation
Industrial Participation and Technology Transfer
Conclusion and Future Prospects
FAQ
The HÜRJET is a supersonic advanced jet trainer developed by Turkish Aerospace Industries, designed to train pilots for fifth-generation fighter aircraft.
Spain selected the HÜRJET to replace its aging F-5M trainers due to its modern capabilities, cost efficiency, and the industrial partnership offered through Airbus.
The first deliveries are expected in 2028, following a final contract signing anticipated by the end of 2025.
Sources
Photo Credit: TUSAS
Defense & Military
Firehawk Aerospace Expands Rocket Motor Production in Mississippi Facility
Firehawk Aerospace acquires a DCMA-rated facility in Mississippi to boost production of solid rocket motors using 3D-printing technology.
This article is based on an official press release from Firehawk Aerospace.
On December 19, 2025, Firehawk Aerospace announced a significant expansion of its manufacturing capabilities with the acquisition of a specialized defense facility in Crawford, Mississippi. The Dallas-based defense technology company has secured a 20-year lease on the 636-acre site, which was formerly operated by Nammo Talley.
This acquisition marks a strategic pivot for Firehawk as it moves to address critical shortages in the U.S. defense supply chain. By taking over a facility that is already rated by the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA), the company aims to bypass the lengthy construction and certification timelines typically associated with greenfield defense projects. The site will serve as a hub for the full-system integration of solid rocket motors (SRMs), complementing the company’s existing R&D operations in Texas and energetics production in Oklahoma.
The Crawford facility is located in Lowndes County within Mississippi’s “Golden Triangle” region. According to the company’s announcement, the site is a “turnkey” defense asset designed specifically for handling high-grade explosives and munitions. The infrastructure includes assembly bays protected by one-foot-thick concrete walls and safety “blowout” walls designed to contain accidental detonations.
Because the facility was previously used by Nammo Defense Systems for the high-volume assembly of shoulder-launched munitions, such as the M72 LAW and SMAW systems, it retains the necessary regulatory certifications to allow for rapid operational ramp-up. Firehawk Aerospace CEO Will Edwards emphasized the urgency of this expansion in a statement regarding the deal.
“This acquisition strengthens Firehawk’s ability to address one of the nation’s most urgent defense challenges: rebuilding munition inventories that have been drawn down faster than they can be replaced.”
, Will Edwards, Co-founder and CEO of Firehawk Aerospace
The acquisition comes at a time when the Western defense industrial base is grappling with a severe shortage of solid rocket motors, which power critical systems like the Javelin, Stinger, and GMLRS missiles. Traditional manufacturing methods, which involve casting propellant in large batches that take weeks to cure, have created production bottlenecks.
Firehawk Aerospace intends to disrupt this model by utilizing proprietary 3D-printing technology to manufacture propellant grains. According to the press release, this additive manufacturing approach reduces production times from weeks to hours. The company has explicitly stated that the new Mississippi facility is being designed to achieve a production tempo of “thousands of rockets per month,” a significant increase over legacy industry standards. “While the current industrial base is built to produce thousands of rockets per year, we are building this site… to operate at a much higher production tempo… designing for throughput measured in thousands per month, not years.”
, Will Edwards, CEO
The expansion is expected to bring skilled jobs to the Golden Triangle region, which is increasingly becoming a hub for aerospace and defense activity. Mississippi Governor Tate Reeves welcomed the investments, noting the dual benefits of economic growth and national security support.
“Their acquisition in Crawford will bring skilled jobs to the region while directly contributing to the production capacity our nation needs.”
, Tate Reeves, Governor of Mississippi
From R&D to Mass Production: This acquisition signals Firehawk’s transition from a development-focused startup to a volume manufacturer. By securing a pre-rated facility, Firehawk has effectively shaved 2–3 years off its timeline, the period typically required to build and certify a new explosives handling site. This speed is critical given the current geopolitical demand for tactical munitions.
Supply Chain Decentralization: The move also highlights a strategy of decentralization. By distributing operations across Texas (R&D), Oklahoma (Energetics), and now Mississippi (Integration), Firehawk is building a supply chain that may prove more resilient than centralized legacy models. This geographic diversity also allows the company to tap into distinct labor markets and state-level incentives, such as Mississippi’s aerospace initiatives.
What is the significance of the DCMA rating? How does Firehawk’s technology differ from traditional methods? What was the facility used for previously?
Firehawk Aerospace Acquires Mississippi Facility to Scale Rocket Motor Production
Strategic Asset Details
Addressing the “Rocket Motor Crisis”
Regional Economic Impact
AirPro News Analysis
Frequently Asked Questions
A DCMA (Defense Contract Management Agency) rating verifies that a facility meets strict Department of Defense quality and safety standards. Acquiring a pre-rated facility allows Firehawk to begin production much faster than if they had to build and certify a new site from scratch.
Traditional solid rocket motors are cast in large batches, a process that requires weeks for the propellant to cure. Firehawk uses 3D-printing technology to print propellant grains, which allows for custom geometries and reduces the manufacturing time to mere hours.
The facility was formerly operated by Nammo Talley (now Nammo Defense Systems) for the assembly of shoulder-launched munitions, including the M72 LAW and SMAW systems.Sources
Photo Credit: Firehawk Aerospace
Defense & Military
20 Years of the F-22 Raptor Operational Capability and Upgrades
Lockheed Martin celebrates 20 years of the F-22 Raptor’s operational service, highlighting its stealth, combat roles, readiness challenges, and modernization.
Lockheed Martin has launched a campaign commemorating the 20th anniversary of the F-22 Raptor achieving Initial Operational Capability (IOC). In December 2005, the 27th Fighter Squadron at Langley Air Force Base in Virginia became the first unit to field the fifth-generation fighter, marking a significant shift in global air superiority.
According to the manufacturer’s announcement, the aircraft continues to define the benchmark for modern air combat. In a statement regarding the milestone, Lockheed Martin emphasized the platform’s enduring relevance:
“The F-22 Raptor sets the global standard for capability, readiness, and mission success.”
While the airframe was designed in the 1990s and first flew in 1997, the F-22 remains a central pillar of U.S. air power. The fleet, which consists of approximately 185 remaining aircraft out of the 195 originally built, has evolved from a pure air superiority fighter into a multi-role platform capable of ground strikes and strategic deterrence.
Since its operational debut, the F-22 has maintained a reputation for dominance, primarily established through high-end military aircraft exercises rather than direct air-to-air combat against manned aircraft.
Data from the U.S. Air Force and independent observers highlights the discrepancy between the Raptor’s exercise performance and its real-world combat engagements. During the 2006 Northern Edge exercise, its first major test after becoming operational, the F-22 reportedly achieved a 108-to-0 kill ratio against simulated adversaries flying F-15s, F-16s, and F/A-18s.
Despite this lethality in training, the aircraft’s combat record is distinct. The F-22 made its combat debut in September 2014 during Operation Inherent Resolve, conducting ground strikes against ISIS targets in Syria. To date, the aircraft has zero confirmed kills against manned enemy aircraft. Its sole air-to-air victory occurred in February 2023, when an F-22 utilized an AIM-9X Sidewinder missile to down a high-altitude Chinese surveillance balloon off the coast of South Carolina.
The primary driver of the F-22’s longevity is its low observable technology. Defense analysts estimate the Raptor’s Radar Cross Section (RCS) to be approximately 0.0001 square meters, roughly the size of a steel marble. This makes it significantly stealthier than the F-35 Lightning II and orders of magnitude harder to detect than foreign competitors like the Russian Su-57 or the Chinese J-20.
While Lockheed Martin’s anniversary campaign highlights “readiness” as a key pillar of the F-22’s legacy, recent Air Force data suggests a more complex reality regarding the fleet’s health. We note that maintaining the world’s premier stealth fighter comes at a steep logistical cost. According to data published by Air & Space Forces Magazine regarding Fiscal Year 2024, the F-22’s mission capable (MC) rate dropped to approximately 40%. This figure represents a decline from roughly 52% in the previous fiscal year and indicates that, at any given time, fewer than half of the Raptors in the inventory are flyable and combat-ready.
This low readiness rate is largely attributed to the fragility of the aircraft’s stealth coatings and the aging avionics of the older airframes. The Air Force has previously attempted to retire 32 older “Block 20” F-22s used for training to divert funds toward newer programs, though Congress has blocked these efforts to preserve fleet numbers. The contrast between the jet’s theoretical dominance and its logistical availability remains a critical challenge for planners.
Contrary to earlier projections that might have seen the F-22 retired in the 2030s, the Air Force is investing heavily to keep the platform viable until the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter comes online.
In 2021, the Air Force awarded Lockheed Martin a $10.9 billion contract for the Advanced Raptor Enhancement and Sustainment (ARES) program. This decade-long modernization effort aims to update the fleet’s hardware and software.
According to budget documents for Fiscal Year 2026, the “Viability” upgrade package includes several key enhancements:
These investments suggest that while the F-22 is celebrating its past 20 years, the Air Force intends to rely on its capabilities well into the next decade.
Sources: Lockheed Martin, U.S. Air Force
Two Decades of the Raptor: Celebrating the F-22’s Operational Milestone
Operational History and Combat Record
Exercise Performance vs. Combat Reality
Stealth Capabilities
AirPro News Analysis: The Readiness Paradox
Modernization and Future Outlook
The ARES Contract and Upgrades
Sources
Photo Credit: Lockheed Martin
Defense & Military
U.S. Navy Zero-G Helmet System Completes Critical Design Review
Collins Elbit Vision Systems completes design review for the Zero-G Helmet Display, reducing pilot weight load and enhancing safety for Navy aircraft.
This article is based on an official press release from Collins Elbit Vision Systems (RTX).
Collins Elbit Vision Systems (CEVS), a joint venture between RTX’s Collins Aerospace and Elbit Systems of America, has officially announced the completion of the Critical Design Review (CDR) for the Zero-G Helmet Mounted Display System+ (HMDS+). This milestone, finalized on December 12, 2025, marks a pivotal step in the U.S. Navy’s Improved Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing System (IJHMCS) program.
The successful CDR effectively freezes the system’s design, confirming that the helmet meets the Navy’s rigorous requirements for safety, performance, and platform integration. With the design locked, the program now transitions into the airworthiness testing and integration phase, bringing the system closer to deployment aboard the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA-18G Growler fleets.
According to the press release, the Zero-G HMDS+ is engineered to address long-standing physiological challenges faced by naval aviators while introducing “6th-generation” digital capabilities to existing 4.5-generation aircraft.
The Zero-G HMDS+ represents a significant departure from legacy analog systems. While previous iterations required pilots to physically attach heavy Night Vision Goggles (NVGs) for low-light operations, the new system integrates digital night vision directly into the visor. This integration streamlines cockpit operations and reduces the physical burden on the aircrew.
A primary driver for the Zero-G’s development is the reduction of head-borne weight. High-G maneuvers in fighter aircraft place immense strain on a pilot’s neck and spine, a hazard exacerbated by heavy, unbalanced legacy helmets. CEVS reports that the Zero-G system is more than 25 percent lighter than current market alternatives. Its name is derived from its optimized center of gravity, designed to minimize fatigue and long-term injury risks.
Capt. Joseph Kamara, the U.S. Navy Program Manager for Naval Aircrew Systems (PMA-202), emphasized the safety implications of the new design in a statement:
“Aircrew health and safety is our number one priority. The Zero-G being integrated through our IJHMCS program promises to relieve aircrew of neck and back strain and greatly improve ejection safety.”
Beyond ergonomics, the helmet utilizes a binocular waveguide display system. Unlike monocular reticles used in older models, this technology projects high-definition color symbology and video into both eyes, creating a fully immersive 3D view of the battlespace. The system is capable of “sensor fusion at the edge,” processing mission data and weapon information directly on the helmet to act as a primary flight instrument. Luke Savoie, President and CEO of Elbit Systems of America, highlighted the strategic necessity of this upgrade:
“Zero-G is providing sensor fusion at the edge… As fighter aircraft level-up, the HMDs of those systems need to as well.”
The Zero-G HMDS+ program has moved rapidly since CEVS was awarded a $16 million contract by the U.S. Navy in September 2023 for development and test support. Following the successful CDR in December 2025, the program is scheduled to undergo flight testing and Avionics integration throughout 2026 and 2027.
The U.S. Navy projects Initial Operational Capability (IOC) for the system in 2027. Once fielded, it is expected to equip aviators across the entire fleet of U.S. Navy and Royal Australian Air Force Super Hornets and Growlers, totaling more than 750 aircraft.
The completion of the CDR signals a critical maturity point for the Navy’s effort to modernize the human-machine interface in its tactical fleet. While much industry attention is focused on future platforms like NGAD (Next Generation Air Dominance), the Zero-G program illustrates the military’s commitment to maintaining the lethality and survivability of its existing backbone fleet.
By adapting technology originally matured for the F-35 Gen III helmet, CEVS is effectively retrofitting advanced situational awareness tools onto older airframes. This approach not only extends the combat relevance of the Super Hornet but also addresses the acute retention issue of pilot physical health. The shift to digital night vision and balanced weight distribution suggests that the Navy views pilot longevity as a critical component of fleet readiness.
Critical Design Review Completed for Navy’s Next-Gen Helmet
Technical Leap: The Zero-G HMDS+
Weight Reduction and Pilot Safety
Advanced Display Capabilities
Program Timeline and Deployment
AirPro News Analysis
Sources
Photo Credit: RTX
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