Technology & Innovation
Swansea University Advances Aerospace Cybersecurity with MBSE Integration
Collaborative project applies Model-Based Systems Engineering to embed cybersecurity in aircraft design, enhancing resilience against evolving cyber threats.
Enhancing Aerospace Cybersecurity through Model-Based Systems Engineering
Swansea University, in collaboration with Novel Engineering Consultants Ltd and Airbus Endeavr Wales, has initiated a pioneering research project aimed at strengthening aerospace systems against cyber threats. This effort marks the first of its kind to explore the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) at the early design stage to proactively embed cybersecurity into aerospace infrastructure.
Led by Professor Siraj Shaikh, Head of the Systems Security Group at Swansea University, and Dr. Hoang Nga Nguyen, the project brings together academic research and industry expertise to create resilient, forward-thinking cybersecurity frameworks. The initiative addresses increasing concerns over cyberattacks in the aerospace sector and aims to develop tools and practices that can be integrated into system architectures from inception.
With the support of Airbus Endeavr Wales, a joint initiative between the Welsh Government and Airbus Defence and Space, the project also contributes to job creation, skills development, and economic growth in Wales. It underscores the importance of academic–industry collaboration in driving innovation and securing critical infrastructure.
Understanding the Aerospace Cybersecurity Landscape
Evolution of Aerospace Cyber Threats
The aerospace industry has witnessed a significant evolution in its cybersecurity needs over the past two decades. Historically, aviation systems operated in isolated environments with limited digital interfaces. However, the integration of satellite communications, in-flight entertainment, cloud-based navigation, and interconnected operational technologies has drastically expanded the attack surface.
Incidents such as the 2018 Cathay Pacific data breach, which impacted 9.4 million passengers, and attacks on European aerospace manufacturers have highlighted vulnerabilities in both passenger and operational domains. According to industry reports, cyberattacks on aerospace systems have increased by over 60% between 2019 and 2021, with ransomware and data breaches becoming increasingly common.
Regulatory bodies like the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) have responded by proposing amendments to aircraft certification processes, requiring cybersecurity considerations in systems that interface with flight control mechanisms. These developments underscore the urgency for integrated, systemic approaches to cybersecurity in aerospace.
What is Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE)?
MBSE is a methodology that replaces traditional document-based engineering with model-centric approaches. It provides a structured framework for managing system requirements, design, analysis, and validation through interconnected models. These models serve as the authoritative source of information throughout the system lifecycle.
By enabling real-time impact analysis and automated verification, MBSE enhances the ability to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities early in the design process. This is particularly valuable in complex systems like aircraft, where interdependencies between software, hardware, and human factors can introduce unforeseen risks.
In the context of cybersecurity, MBSE allows for the visualization of threat pathways, simulation of attack scenarios, and integration of security features as core design elements rather than afterthoughts. This proactive approach is essential in an environment where threats are constantly evolving.
“MBSE transforms cybersecurity from bolt-on remediation to foundational design principle. By modeling threat scenarios pre-deployment, we shift from reactive patching to predictive hardening.” , Professor Siraj Shaikh
The Collaborative Research Initiative
Roles and Contributions
Swansea University leads the research component of the project through its Systems Security Group. With a strong track record in cyber-physical systems, the university brings academic rigor and technical expertise to the initiative. Professor Shaikh and Dr. Nguyen are at the forefront of developing methodologies that integrate cybersecurity into system architecture from the outset.
Novel Engineering Consultants Ltd contributes its deep experience in MBSE. The company specializes in creating models that map complex interdependencies within aerospace systems. Their tools and frameworks are essential for visualizing and validating security measures across different system layers.
Airbus Endeavr Wales provides the industrial context and funding support necessary for real-world application. As a partnership between the Welsh Government and Airbus Defence and Space, Endeavr facilitates technology transfer from academia to industry, ensuring that innovations are aligned with operational needs.
Project Focus Areas
The project is organized around several key objectives. The first is early threat detection, which involves developing techniques to anticipate cyber threats before they affect operations. This includes the use of digital twins and simulation environments to model potential attack vectors.
Another focus is security validation, where the team is creating new methods to test and verify cybersecurity measures within system architectures. These methods aim to ensure that systems can withstand attacks without compromising safety or functionality.
Finally, the project seeks to establish best practice frameworks for integrating cybersecurity at the design stage. These frameworks will align with current aerospace security standards and help guide future developments in the industry.
Economic and Strategic Implications
The initiative is not only a technical endeavor but also a strategic investment in the regional economy. By fostering advanced skills and creating job opportunities, the project supports the Welsh Government’s broader goals for economic development and innovation.
Rebecca Evans MS, Cabinet Secretary for Economy, Energy and Planning, emphasized the importance of the Endeavr program in translating research into tangible economic benefits. The collaboration is expected to attract further investment and position Wales as a hub for aerospace cybersecurity.
The project also contributes to the UK’s national security objectives by enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure. As cyber threats become more sophisticated, initiatives like this are essential for maintaining operational integrity and public trust in aviation systems.
“By combining Novel’s deep expertise in model-based engineering with Swansea University’s world-class research in systems security, we’re creating new tools and practices that can integrate cybersecurity at the heart of aerospace.” , Ian Thomas, Novel Engineering
Broader Industry Context
Cybersecurity Trends in Aerospace
The aerospace industry is facing a growing array of cyber threats. These include ransomware attacks, supply chain vulnerabilities, and insider threats. As aircraft become more connected, the risk of cyber incidents affecting safety-critical systems increases.
Industry reports predict that the aerospace cybersecurity market will grow significantly over the next decade, driven by increased investment in defense technologies and regulatory compliance. The global market was valued at approximately $26.3 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach $58.8 billion by 2032.
Efforts to secure aerospace systems are increasingly focusing on proactive measures, such as threat modeling and zero-trust architectures. The use of MBSE is gaining traction as a means to implement these strategies effectively and at scale.
Regulatory Developments
Regulatory bodies are updating their frameworks to address new cybersecurity challenges. EASA, for example, has proposed amendments to its certification processes to include cybersecurity risk assessments. These changes reflect a shift towards more comprehensive and integrated security requirements.
The DO-326A standard has become a key reference for aviation cybersecurity. It outlines the processes manufacturers must follow to demonstrate that their systems are secure. The Swansea-led project aligns with these standards, ensuring that its outputs are relevant and applicable to current regulatory environments.
By anticipating regulatory trends, the project positions itself as a leader in shaping the future of aerospace cybersecurity. Its frameworks could serve as models for other sectors facing similar challenges, such as maritime and automotive systems.
Conclusion
The collaboration between Swansea University, Novel Engineering, and Airbus Endeavr Wales represents a significant step forward in aerospace cybersecurity. By applying MBSE at the design stage, the project aims to create systems that are inherently secure, resilient, and compliant with emerging standards.
Beyond technical innovation, the initiative supports economic development and workforce training in Wales. It exemplifies how academic–industry partnerships can drive meaningful change and ensure that the aerospace sector remains safe, secure, and competitive in the face of evolving cyber threats.
FAQ
Question: What is MBSE and how does it relate to cybersecurity?
Answer: Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is a methodology that uses models to manage system design and analysis. In cybersecurity, MBSE helps identify vulnerabilities early and integrate security measures throughout the system lifecycle.
Question: Who are the main partners in this project?
Answer: The project is a collaboration between Swansea University, Novel Engineering Consultants Ltd, and Airbus Endeavr Wales.
Question: What are the goals of the research?
Answer: The project aims to develop frameworks for early threat detection, security validation, and regulatory compliance in aerospace systems using MBSE.
Sources
Photo Credit: Airbus
Technology & Innovation
NASA X-59 Completes First Supersonic Flight at Mach 1.1
NASA’s X-59 reached Mach 1.1 over the Mojave Desert on June 5, 2026, marking the first supersonic flight of the Quesst mission.
NASA’s experimental X-59 aircraft successfully completed its first supersonic flight over the Mojave Desert on June 5, 2026, marking a critical milestone in the agency’s Quesst mission to gather acoustic data that could eventually prompt regulators to lift the ban on commercial supersonic travel over land.
In a press release issued by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the agency confirmed that the Lockheed Martin-built aircraft exceeded the speed of sound, reaching approximately Mach 1.1 (713 mph) at an altitude of 43,400 feet. The 81-minute flight, piloted by NASA test pilot Jim “Clue” Less, originated from Edwards Air Force Base in California at 11:08 a.m. PDT (18:08 UTC).
Expanding the flight envelope
The supersonic milestone follows a period of intensive subsonic testing. Over the 90 days preceding the June 5 flight, the X-59 team completed 16 flights to expand the aircraft’s flight envelope through lower-altitude and slower-speed tests. The aircraft previously reached 43,000 feet and roughly Mach 0.95 during testing in April 2026.
NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman highlighted the program’s momentum since the aircraft’s initial flight on October 28, 2025.
“X-59 is getting ready for its quiet supersonic debut. Since the aircraft’s first-flight on Oct. 28, 2025, the team has made tremendous progress, flying 16 times in the last 90 days and getting into a steady test rhythm. In the coming days, we expect to take the next step and push to Mach 1.4,” Isaacman stated.
During the supersonic run, the aircraft’s eXternal Vision System digital display indicated a speed of Mach 1.077 when the true speed was Mach 1.0. NASA attributed this discrepancy to system calibration, which engineers will fine-tune as the flight envelope continues to expand.
Acoustic testing and regulatory implications
The Quesst mission’s ultimate goal is to demonstrate that the X-59 can fly at supersonic speeds while producing a “quiet thump” rather than a disruptive sonic boom. However, acoustic testing was not the primary focus of the June 5 flight. A McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle operated by NASA flew alongside the X-59 as a chase plane. The loud sonic booms generated by the F-15 intentionally obscured any sound produced by the experimental aircraft, as formal acoustic measurements are reserved for a later phase of the program.
The next phase of testing will push the X-59 to Mach 1.4 (approximately 925 mph) at an altitude of roughly 55,000 feet. These parameters represent the mission conditions required for eventual community noise demonstrations over the United States. The data collected during those future flights will be provided to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and international regulators to inform potential rule changes regarding overland supersonic flight.
Michael Kratsios, Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, noted the broader significance of the achievement, describing the flight as a testament to American leadership in aerospace innovation.
AirPro News analysis
The successful supersonic transition of the X-59 represents a technical validation of the aerodynamic design developed by Lockheed Martin Skunk Works, but the regulatory hurdles ahead remain substantial. While reaching Mach 1.1 proves the airframe’s basic supersonic capability, the true test of the Quesst mission will be the acoustic data collection at Mach 1.4. If the acoustic signature performs as modeled during community overflights, we expect aviation regulators will face increased industry pressure to establish new noise certification standards for commercial supersonic aircraft, potentially opening a lucrative new market for aerospace manufacturers.
Sources: NASA Press Release, NASA Quesst Blog
Photo Credit: NASA
Sustainable Aviation
ICAO and IATA Enhance Sustainable Aviation Fuel Tracking Partnership
ICAO and IATA strengthen cooperation to improve transparency and tracking of Sustainable Aviation Fuels, supporting aviation’s net-zero goals by 2050.
This article is based on an official press release from ICAO.
ICAO and IATA Deepen Cooperation to Boost Sustainable Aviation Fuel Tracking
On June 2, 2026, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) announced an enhanced partnership during the ICAO Aviation Climate Week in Montreal. According to an official press release from ICAO, the collaboration is designed to advance transparency and integrity in tracking the progress, development, and deployment of SAF.
The global aviation sector has formally committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Industry estimates indicate that SAF is the most significant decarbonization lever currently available, expected to account for up to 65 percent of the total carbon mitigation required to reach this mid-century target. The joint announcement underscores that close collaboration between industry and states, supported by high-quality data, is essential for credible tracking of cleaner aviation energies.
This strategic alignment was unveiled during the “One Global Path: Advancing Net-Zero Aviation” conference, which serves as a global platform for aviation leaders to monitor progress on the ICAO Global Framework for SAF. By integrating robust tracking systems, both organizations aim to ensure that climate investments are recognized consistently across international regulatory frameworks.
Enhancing Transparency and Global Tracking
The Role of the CADO SAF Registry
A central component of this enhanced tracking initiative involves the evaluation of existing fuel accounting systems. According to supplementary industry research, IATA and ICAO will explore how platforms like the SAF Registry can support international reporting. Launched in March 2025 and now managed by the independent, Montreal-based Civil Aviation Decarbonization Organization (CADO), the registry is designed to record SAF transactions accurately and transparently.
Because physical SAF supply is not yet available at all geographical locations, the registry utilizes a “Book and Claim” approach. This system decouples the physical fuel from its environmental attributes, allowing airlines and corporate customers to claim the environmental benefits of SAF without physically loading it into their specific aircraft. This methodology is critical for preventing double-counting and ensuring immutable tracking of emissions reductions.
Aligning with ICAO Frameworks
The press release notes that the organizations agreed to explore how SAF registries and their collected data can support the implementation of ICAO’s Long-Term Aspirational Goal (LTAG) Monitoring and Reporting (LMR) methodology. Furthermore, the data collected through these robust systems helps airlines meet international regulatory obligations, such as ICAO’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), by providing verifiable emissions reduction data to state authorities.
Industry Leadership Perspectives
Leadership from both organizations emphasized the necessity of verifiable data to build trust and accelerate the transition away from conventional jet fuel. In the official release, IATA Director General Willie Walsh highlighted the importance of accurate measurement:
“Credible tracking is necessary to know the emissions reductions delivered by SAF. The data collected by the CADO SAF Registry, among others, has the potential to meet this need. By working with ICAO to strengthen how progress on SAF use is measured and reported, we can accelerate deployment, build trust across stakeholders, and put aviation on track for net zero by 2050. This will set a great example for individual states to work with industry to make the most of the SAF data that is being accumulated.”
Willie Walsh, IATA Director General
Echoing this sentiment, ICAO Secretary General Juan Carlos Salazar pointed to the unprecedented level of coordination required to meet the industry’s mid-century climate goals:
“Achieving ICAO’s vision of net zero carbon emissions from international aviation by 2050 will require unprecedented levels of transparency and cooperation across the entire sector. This agreement will support the strengthening of ICAO’s leadership as we support States and industry in their scaling up of sustainable aviation fuels and other aviation cleaner energies.”
Juan Carlos Salazar, ICAO Secretary General
Overcoming Supply Challenges and Market Implications
Current Production Realities
Despite the critical role of SAF in decarbonizing air travel, production volumes have historically lagged behind demand. According to industry data, SAF accounted for just 0.3 percent of global jet fuel production at the end of 2024. Scaling up production remains the primary bottleneck for the Commercial-Aircraft sector, making the efficient allocation and tracking of existing supplies paramount.
To build trust and ensure impartial governance over these limited supplies, IATA spun off the management of the SAF Registry to CADO in early 2025. CADO’s inclusive structure allows participation from governments, fuel producers, airlines, and corporate customers, fostering a harmonized global market.
AirPro News analysis
We view the deepening cooperation between ICAO and IATA as a necessary maturation of the SAF market. By standardizing how environmental attributes are tracked and claimed, this partnership helps create a liquid, global market for sustainable fuels. This standardization provides certainty to airlines that their environmental claims are valid, and assures producers that they can accurately account for deliveries. Ultimately, a unified, credible tracking system mitigates the risk of greenwashing, ensuring that corporate Scope 3 emissions reporting and airline compliance claims are backed by immutable, verified data. This regulatory certainty is exactly what investors need to fund the massive scale-up in SAF production facilities required over the next two decades.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the CADO SAF Registry?
The CADO SAF Registry is an independent platform launched in March 2025 to accurately and transparently record Sustainable Aviation Fuel transactions. It is managed by the Civil Aviation Decarbonization Organization, a Montreal-based non-profit.
What is the “Book and Claim” approach?
The “Book and Claim” system allows airlines and corporate customers to purchase the environmental benefits of SAF even if the physical fuel is not available at their specific departure airport. The physical fuel is used elsewhere in the aviation system, but the environmental credit is securely tracked and claimed by the purchaser, preventing double-counting.
Why is SAF critical for aviation’s net-zero goals?
Sustainable Aviation Fuel is considered the most viable near-term solution for reducing aviation emissions, as it can be used in existing aircraft engines. Industry projections estimate that SAF will need to provide up to 65 percent of the carbon mitigation required for the aviation sector to reach net-zero emissions by 2050.
Sources: ICAO
Photo Credit: ICAO
Technology & Innovation
IAG Deploys AISmartPlan AI Maintenance Platform at Aer Lingus
IAG signs multi-year deal to deploy AISmartPlan AI maintenance planning platform at Aer Lingus, reducing planning time from hours to minutes.
This article is based on an official press release from International Airlines Group (IAG).
On May 28, 2026, International Airlines Group (IAG) announced a multi-year commercial agreement between its Irish flag carrier, Aer Lingus, and AISmartPlan, an advanced AI-powered aircraft maintenance planning platform. According to the official press release, the partnership follows a highly successful three-month trial conducted during the 2025 cohort of the IAGi Accelerator programme.
The integration of AISmartPlan’s technology is designed to replace traditionally manual maintenance production planning with an intelligent, automated system. By pulling together critical operational data, ranging from flight schedules and aircraft availability to workforce constraints, the platform generates optimized maintenance plans, reducing a process that previously took hours down to mere minutes.
As airlines globally face supply chain bottlenecks and labor shortages, the adoption of artificial intelligence to streamline workforce management and reduce aircraft downtime is becoming increasingly critical. This deployment at Aer Lingus serves as a significant milestone in IAG’s broader strategy to embed AI-driven efficiencies across its portfolio of airlines.
Transforming Maintenance with Artificial Intelligence
From Manual Spreadsheets to Automated Workflows
According to industry data provided in the supplementary research report, AISmartPlan was founded by Nicolas Grondin and developed by Sydney-based Redback Software. The platform is engineered to integrate seamlessly with an airline’s existing Maintenance and Engineering (M&E) software. By doing so, it automatically matches the right maintenance technicians to specific aircraft and tasks at the optimal time.
The press release highlights that the system offers intuitive, drag-and-drop visualization tools, enabling maintenance teams to quickly understand, adapt, and take ownership of their schedules. Furthermore, the platform includes a dedicated chat feature connecting planners and technicians, alongside an AI assistant capable of answering operational questions and generating reports.
“The way maintenance tasks were allocated to our engineers was previously highly manual and time consuming, which limited how far ahead we could plan. The IAGi Accelerator programme provided us with a valuable opportunity to work with AISmartPlan and test an AI optimised approach using real operational constraints. This partnership marks a fundamental change in how we plan and optimise maintenance. What used to take hours each day can now be done in minutes, and with far greater confidence in the outcome.”
The Role of the IAGi Accelerator
Fast-Tracking Aviation Technology
The rapid deployment of AISmartPlan, moving from a proof of concept to a working, commercial-grade solution in just three months, was facilitated by the IAGi Accelerator. Formerly known as “Hangar 51,” the program rebranded to “IAGi” in March 2025 to align more closely with the parent brand. Entering its 10th year, the accelerator has partnered with more than 120 companies to test and validate technologies in live aviation environments.
The research report notes that upon its 2025 rebrand, IAG’s venture arm (IAGi Ventures) committed €200 million over five years to invest in aviation and travel technology startups. The 2025 cohort was the program’s largest to date, featuring 29 startups from 11 countries, with a heavy focus on artificial intelligence.
“Our goal has always been to fully automate maintenance planning and make complex plans instantly visible and actionable. The IAGi Accelerator gave us an incredible opportunity that early-stage companies rarely get – deep operational engagement with an airline that was willing to test, challenge and cocreate the solution with us. Aer Lingus’ feedback directly shaped the product and proved its market fit in aviation.”
Broader Industry Implications
AirPro News analysis
We observe that the aviation industry is undergoing a systemic shift away from reactive maintenance, often reliant on legacy tools and spreadsheets, toward proactive, AI-driven predictive maintenance. In a sector where an extra hour of aircraft downtime can cost thousands of dollars, the ability to dynamically schedule and optimize maintenance is a distinct competitive advantage.
The AISmartPlan agreement is not an isolated technological upgrade; it is indicative of a much larger AI transformation at IAG. We note that IAG’s in-house AI Labs, based in London and Barcelona, recently developed an “Engine Optimisation System.” This proprietary system runs millions of “what-if” scenarios to dynamically schedule engine maintenance. Much like AISmartPlan, this engine system was first implemented at Aer Lingus, which frequently serves as the group’s testing ground, and is slated for rollout across British Airways, Iberia, and Vueling.
The success of AISmartPlan underscores the immense value of corporate accelerators in highly regulated industries. By embedding early-stage startups directly into complex operational environments, major airline groups can fast-track the development of deep-tech solutions that might otherwise take years to achieve market fit.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is AISmartPlan?
AISmartPlan is an advanced AI-powered aircraft maintenance planning platform that automates the scheduling of maintenance tasks, matching engineers to aircraft based on operational data, flight schedules, and workforce constraints.
How much time does AISmartPlan save?
According to Aer Lingus, the implementation of the platform has reduced the time required for daily maintenance planning from hours to minutes.
What is the IAGi Accelerator?
Formerly known as Hangar 51, the IAGi Accelerator is International Airlines Group’s flagship innovation program. It partnerships with startups to test and validate new technologies in live airline environments. The program has worked with over 120 companies in its 10-year history.
Photo Credit: IAG
-
Regulations & Safety2 days agoNTSB Reports United Airlines Flight 169 Newark Approach Incident
-
Technology & Innovation3 days agoGE Aerospace Completes Ground Test of Hybrid Electric Engine System
-
Regulations & Safety6 days agoFAA Proposes $336,000 Fine Against Planet Nine Private Air
-
Space & Satellites6 days agoNASA X-59 Set for First Supersonic Flight in June 2026
-
Defense & Military6 days agoUSAF Launches EPAWSS Speedline to Accelerate F-15E Modernization