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Northrop Grumman Beacon Testbed Advances Autonomous Defense Systems

Open-access ecosystem accelerates mission autonomy development with flight-proven hardware and collaborative software testing, aligned with DoD standards.

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Northrop Grumman’s Beacon™: A New Era in Autonomous Mission Capability Testing

As the aerospace and defense sectors continue to evolve, the demand for autonomous systems capable of executing complex missions with minimal human intervention has surged. In response to this growing need, Northrop Grumman has introduced Beacon™, a next-generation autonomous testbed ecosystem. Announced on June 18, 2025, at the Paris Air Show, Beacon is designed to accelerate the development and deployment of mission autonomy software in an integrated and operationally relevant environment.

Beacon represents a significant step forward in the digital transformation of defense technologies. By combining proven flight hardware and software with open-access collaboration, Northrop Grumman aims to reduce the time and cost of delivering autonomous mission capabilities. This initiative not only reflects the company’s commitment to innovation but also aligns with broader industry trends emphasizing modular architectures, rapid prototyping, and cross-sector collaboration.

Beacon™ Autonomous Testbed: Purpose and Architecture

Design and Capabilities

Beacon is built to serve as a flexible, scalable, and open-access testbed ecosystem that integrates Northrop Grumman’s flight-proven hardware and autonomous software with third-party mission software. This design allows partners to test and refine their autonomous solutions in a realistic, mission-relevant setting. The system is aligned with government reference architectures, ensuring compatibility with evolving defense requirements.

One of the core components of Beacon is the use of the Scaled Composites-built Model 437 Vanguard aircraft. This platform has been modified for optionally autonomous flight, enabling real-world validation of autonomy software. Its flexibility makes it ideal for testing a wide range of mission profiles, from surveillance to electronic warfare and logistics support.

Beacon’s digital ecosystem is equally advanced. It allows for rapid integration and deployment of software, significantly reducing development cycles. By leveraging Northrop Grumman’s integration expertise, partners can achieve faster readiness and lower risk in deploying new technologies.

“Beacon is sixth-generation autonomous software development. It’s backed by our decades of leadership in designing and building operational autonomous aircraft.”, Tom Jones, Corporate VP and President, Aeronautics Systems, Northrop Grumman

Collaboration and Industry Integration

Northrop Grumman’s approach with Beacon is notably collaborative. The ecosystem is designed to bring together new entrants in the AI and autonomy space with established industry players. This model fosters innovation by combining fresh ideas with the production and operational experience necessary for scalable deployment.

Multiple third-party partners have already committed to the Beacon ecosystem, with a series of flight demonstrations scheduled throughout 2025. These partnerships are essential to ensuring that Beacon remains a dynamic and evolving platform capable of adapting to new mission requirements and technological advances.

This collaborative model also supports government initiatives aimed at fostering public-private partnerships in defense technology. By creating a shared testbed aligned with Department of Defense (DoD) modular standards, Beacon promotes interoperability and agility in defense system development.

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Investment and Strategic Significance

Beacon was developed using internal R&D funding, part of Northrop Grumman’s $13.5 billion investment in research and infrastructure over the past five years. This level of investment underscores the company’s long-term commitment to autonomy and digital transformation in aerospace and defense.

The strategic use of internal funding also gives Northrop Grumman greater control over the pace and direction of development. It allows the company to innovate more freely and respond more rapidly to emerging needs without waiting for external funding cycles.

From a broader perspective, Beacon is a key component of Northrop Grumman’s strategy to maintain leadership in autonomous systems. It positions the company to meet the growing demand for AI-enabled mission capabilities while supporting the U.S. government’s emphasis on next-generation defense technologies.

Implications for the Future of Autonomous Systems

Operational Readiness and Risk Reduction

One of the primary goals of Beacon is to improve the operational readiness of autonomous systems. By providing a testbed that closely mirrors real-world mission conditions, the ecosystem allows developers to identify and address performance issues early in the development cycle.

This approach significantly reduces the risk associated with deploying autonomous systems in the field. It also shortens the time required to transition from prototype to operational capability, which is critical in fast-evolving threat environments.

Furthermore, Beacon supports iterative development and continuous improvement. As new technologies and mission requirements emerge, the ecosystem can be updated and reconfigured to support ongoing innovation.

Alignment with Government and Defense Priorities

Beacon’s open-access architecture and alignment with government reference models make it a valuable asset for defense planners. It supports the DoD’s emphasis on modular, interoperable systems that can be rapidly adapted to changing needs.

The platform also aligns with broader government strategies focused on integrating AI and autonomy into national defense. These strategies prioritize speed, scalability, and resilience, qualities that Beacon is specifically designed to deliver.

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As governments around the world look to maintain technological superiority, platforms like Beacon will play a crucial role in ensuring that autonomous systems are not only innovative but also reliable and mission-ready.

Broader Industry Trends and Opportunities

The unveiling of Beacon reflects a larger trend in the aerospace and defense sectors toward open innovation and ecosystem-based development. Companies are increasingly recognizing that collaboration is essential to keeping pace with technological change.

By creating a shared space for testing and development, Beacon lowers the barriers to entry for smaller firms and startups, encouraging a more diverse and dynamic innovation landscape. This has the potential to accelerate the adoption of breakthrough technologies and reduce reliance on traditional, slower procurement cycles.

Looking ahead, Beacon may serve as a model for other sectors seeking to integrate autonomous systems. Its emphasis on interoperability, rapid deployment, and collaborative development positions it as a forward-looking solution in a rapidly evolving field.

Conclusion

Northrop Grumman’s Beacon™ Autonomous Testbed Ecosystem represents a strategic leap forward in the development of mission-ready autonomous capabilities. By combining proven flight systems with an open, digital testbed, the company has created a platform that accelerates innovation while reducing risk and development time.

As the defense and aerospace sectors continue to prioritize autonomy and AI integration, platforms like Beacon will become increasingly vital. They not only enable faster technology maturation but also foster the kind of cross-industry collaboration that is essential for meeting the complex challenges of modern defense operations.

FAQ

What is Northrop Grumman’s Beacon™?
Beacon is an autonomous testbed ecosystem designed to accelerate the development and deployment of mission autonomy software in an integrated and operationally relevant environment.

What aircraft is used in the Beacon ecosystem?
The system utilizes the Scaled Composites-built Model 437 Vanguard aircraft, modified for optionally autonomous flight, as its primary test platform.

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Who can participate in the Beacon ecosystem?
Beacon is open-access and designed to include third-party partners, including new entrants and established industry leaders in the autonomy and AI space.

How does Beacon support government defense initiatives?
Beacon aligns with U.S. Department of Defense modular standards, supporting rapid innovation and operational readiness in line with government priorities.

Sources

Northrop Grumman Newsroom, Scaled Composites,

Photo Credit: Northrop Grumman

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Firehawk Aerospace Expands Rocket Motor Production in Mississippi Facility

Firehawk Aerospace acquires a DCMA-rated facility in Mississippi to boost production of solid rocket motors using 3D-printing technology.

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This article is based on an official press release from Firehawk Aerospace.

Firehawk Aerospace Acquires Mississippi Facility to Scale Rocket Motor Production

On December 19, 2025, Firehawk Aerospace announced a significant expansion of its manufacturing capabilities with the acquisition of a specialized defense facility in Crawford, Mississippi. The Dallas-based defense technology company has secured a 20-year lease on the 636-acre site, which was formerly operated by Nammo Talley.

This acquisition marks a strategic pivot for Firehawk as it moves to address critical shortages in the U.S. defense supply chain. By taking over a facility that is already rated by the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA), the company aims to bypass the lengthy construction and certification timelines typically associated with greenfield defense projects. The site will serve as a hub for the full-system integration of solid rocket motors (SRMs), complementing the company’s existing R&D operations in Texas and energetics production in Oklahoma.

Strategic Asset Details

The Crawford facility is located in Lowndes County within Mississippi’s “Golden Triangle” region. According to the company’s announcement, the site is a “turnkey” defense asset designed specifically for handling high-grade explosives and munitions. The infrastructure includes assembly bays protected by one-foot-thick concrete walls and safety “blowout” walls designed to contain accidental detonations.

Because the facility was previously used by Nammo Defense Systems for the high-volume assembly of shoulder-launched munitions, such as the M72 LAW and SMAW systems, it retains the necessary regulatory certifications to allow for rapid operational ramp-up. Firehawk Aerospace CEO Will Edwards emphasized the urgency of this expansion in a statement regarding the deal.

“This acquisition strengthens Firehawk’s ability to address one of the nation’s most urgent defense challenges: rebuilding munition inventories that have been drawn down faster than they can be replaced.”

, Will Edwards, Co-founder and CEO of Firehawk Aerospace

Addressing the “Rocket Motor Crisis”

The acquisition comes at a time when the Western defense industrial base is grappling with a severe shortage of solid rocket motors, which power critical systems like the Javelin, Stinger, and GMLRS missiles. Traditional manufacturing methods, which involve casting propellant in large batches that take weeks to cure, have created production bottlenecks.

Firehawk Aerospace intends to disrupt this model by utilizing proprietary 3D-printing technology to manufacture propellant grains. According to the press release, this additive manufacturing approach reduces production times from weeks to hours. The company has explicitly stated that the new Mississippi facility is being designed to achieve a production tempo of “thousands of rockets per month,” a significant increase over legacy industry standards.

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“While the current industrial base is built to produce thousands of rockets per year, we are building this site… to operate at a much higher production tempo… designing for throughput measured in thousands per month, not years.”

, Will Edwards, CEO

Regional Economic Impact

The expansion is expected to bring skilled jobs to the Golden Triangle region, which is increasingly becoming a hub for aerospace and defense activity. Mississippi Governor Tate Reeves welcomed the investments, noting the dual benefits of economic growth and national security support.

“Their acquisition in Crawford will bring skilled jobs to the region while directly contributing to the production capacity our nation needs.”

, Tate Reeves, Governor of Mississippi

AirPro News Analysis

From R&D to Mass Production: This acquisition signals Firehawk’s transition from a development-focused startup to a volume manufacturer. By securing a pre-rated facility, Firehawk has effectively shaved 2–3 years off its timeline, the period typically required to build and certify a new explosives handling site. This speed is critical given the current geopolitical demand for tactical munitions.

Supply Chain Decentralization: The move also highlights a strategy of decentralization. By distributing operations across Texas (R&D), Oklahoma (Energetics), and now Mississippi (Integration), Firehawk is building a supply chain that may prove more resilient than centralized legacy models. This geographic diversity also allows the company to tap into distinct labor markets and state-level incentives, such as Mississippi’s aerospace initiatives.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of the DCMA rating?
A DCMA (Defense Contract Management Agency) rating verifies that a facility meets strict Department of Defense quality and safety standards. Acquiring a pre-rated facility allows Firehawk to begin production much faster than if they had to build and certify a new site from scratch.

How does Firehawk’s technology differ from traditional methods?
Traditional solid rocket motors are cast in large batches, a process that requires weeks for the propellant to cure. Firehawk uses 3D-printing technology to print propellant grains, which allows for custom geometries and reduces the manufacturing time to mere hours.

What was the facility used for previously?
The facility was formerly operated by Nammo Talley (now Nammo Defense Systems) for the assembly of shoulder-launched munitions, including the M72 LAW and SMAW systems.

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Photo Credit: Firehawk Aerospace

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20 Years of the F-22 Raptor Operational Capability and Upgrades

Lockheed Martin celebrates 20 years of the F-22 Raptor’s operational service, highlighting its stealth, combat roles, readiness challenges, and modernization.

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Two Decades of the Raptor: Celebrating the F-22’s Operational Milestone

Lockheed Martin has launched a campaign commemorating the 20th anniversary of the F-22 Raptor achieving Initial Operational Capability (IOC). In December 2005, the 27th Fighter Squadron at Langley Air Force Base in Virginia became the first unit to field the fifth-generation fighter, marking a significant shift in global air superiority.

According to the manufacturer’s announcement, the aircraft continues to define the benchmark for modern air combat. In a statement regarding the milestone, Lockheed Martin emphasized the platform’s enduring relevance:

“The F-22 Raptor sets the global standard for capability, readiness, and mission success.”

While the airframe was designed in the 1990s and first flew in 1997, the F-22 remains a central pillar of U.S. air power. The fleet, which consists of approximately 185 remaining aircraft out of the 195 originally built, has evolved from a pure air superiority fighter into a multi-role platform capable of ground strikes and strategic deterrence.

Operational History and Combat Record

Since its operational debut, the F-22 has maintained a reputation for dominance, primarily established through high-end military aircraft exercises rather than direct air-to-air combat against manned aircraft.

Exercise Performance vs. Combat Reality

Data from the U.S. Air Force and independent observers highlights the discrepancy between the Raptor’s exercise performance and its real-world combat engagements. During the 2006 Northern Edge exercise, its first major test after becoming operational, the F-22 reportedly achieved a 108-to-0 kill ratio against simulated adversaries flying F-15s, F-16s, and F/A-18s.

Despite this lethality in training, the aircraft’s combat record is distinct. The F-22 made its combat debut in September 2014 during Operation Inherent Resolve, conducting ground strikes against ISIS targets in Syria. To date, the aircraft has zero confirmed kills against manned enemy aircraft. Its sole air-to-air victory occurred in February 2023, when an F-22 utilized an AIM-9X Sidewinder missile to down a high-altitude Chinese surveillance balloon off the coast of South Carolina.

Stealth Capabilities

The primary driver of the F-22’s longevity is its low observable technology. Defense analysts estimate the Raptor’s Radar Cross Section (RCS) to be approximately 0.0001 square meters, roughly the size of a steel marble. This makes it significantly stealthier than the F-35 Lightning II and orders of magnitude harder to detect than foreign competitors like the Russian Su-57 or the Chinese J-20.

AirPro News Analysis: The Readiness Paradox

While Lockheed Martin’s anniversary campaign highlights “readiness” as a key pillar of the F-22’s legacy, recent Air Force data suggests a more complex reality regarding the fleet’s health.

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We note that maintaining the world’s premier stealth fighter comes at a steep logistical cost. According to data published by Air & Space Forces Magazine regarding Fiscal Year 2024, the F-22’s mission capable (MC) rate dropped to approximately 40%. This figure represents a decline from roughly 52% in the previous fiscal year and indicates that, at any given time, fewer than half of the Raptors in the inventory are flyable and combat-ready.

This low readiness rate is largely attributed to the fragility of the aircraft’s stealth coatings and the aging avionics of the older airframes. The Air Force has previously attempted to retire 32 older “Block 20” F-22s used for training to divert funds toward newer programs, though Congress has blocked these efforts to preserve fleet numbers. The contrast between the jet’s theoretical dominance and its logistical availability remains a critical challenge for planners.

Modernization and Future Outlook

Contrary to earlier projections that might have seen the F-22 retired in the 2030s, the Air Force is investing heavily to keep the platform viable until the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter comes online.

The ARES Contract and Upgrades

In 2021, the Air Force awarded Lockheed Martin a $10.9 billion contract for the Advanced Raptor Enhancement and Sustainment (ARES) program. This decade-long modernization effort aims to update the fleet’s hardware and software.

According to budget documents for Fiscal Year 2026, the “Viability” upgrade package includes several key enhancements:

  • New Stealth Tanks: The development of low-drag external fuel tanks and pods designed to extend the aircraft’s range without compromising its radar signature.
  • Infrared Search and Track (IRST): The integration of new sensors capable of detecting heat signatures, a critical capability for engaging enemy stealth fighters that may not appear on radar.
  • Manned-Unmanned Teaming: Software upgrades intended to allow F-22 pilots to control “Collaborative Combat Aircraft”, autonomous drone wingmen, in future operational environments.

These investments suggest that while the F-22 is celebrating its past 20 years, the Air Force intends to rely on its capabilities well into the next decade.

Sources

Sources: Lockheed Martin, U.S. Air Force

Photo Credit: Lockheed Martin

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U.S. Navy Zero-G Helmet System Completes Critical Design Review

Collins Elbit Vision Systems completes design review for the Zero-G Helmet Display, reducing pilot weight load and enhancing safety for Navy aircraft.

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This article is based on an official press release from Collins Elbit Vision Systems (RTX).

Critical Design Review Completed for Navy’s Next-Gen Helmet

Collins Elbit Vision Systems (CEVS), a joint venture between RTX’s Collins Aerospace and Elbit Systems of America, has officially announced the completion of the Critical Design Review (CDR) for the Zero-G Helmet Mounted Display System+ (HMDS+). This milestone, finalized on December 12, 2025, marks a pivotal step in the U.S. Navy’s Improved Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing System (IJHMCS) program.

The successful CDR effectively freezes the system’s design, confirming that the helmet meets the Navy’s rigorous requirements for safety, performance, and platform integration. With the design locked, the program now transitions into the airworthiness testing and integration phase, bringing the system closer to deployment aboard the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA-18G Growler fleets.

According to the press release, the Zero-G HMDS+ is engineered to address long-standing physiological challenges faced by naval aviators while introducing “6th-generation” digital capabilities to existing 4.5-generation aircraft.

Technical Leap: The Zero-G HMDS+

The Zero-G HMDS+ represents a significant departure from legacy analog systems. While previous iterations required pilots to physically attach heavy Night Vision Goggles (NVGs) for low-light operations, the new system integrates digital night vision directly into the visor. This integration streamlines cockpit operations and reduces the physical burden on the aircrew.

Weight Reduction and Pilot Safety

A primary driver for the Zero-G’s development is the reduction of head-borne weight. High-G maneuvers in fighter aircraft place immense strain on a pilot’s neck and spine, a hazard exacerbated by heavy, unbalanced legacy helmets. CEVS reports that the Zero-G system is more than 25 percent lighter than current market alternatives. Its name is derived from its optimized center of gravity, designed to minimize fatigue and long-term injury risks.

Capt. Joseph Kamara, the U.S. Navy Program Manager for Naval Aircrew Systems (PMA-202), emphasized the safety implications of the new design in a statement:

“Aircrew health and safety is our number one priority. The Zero-G being integrated through our IJHMCS program promises to relieve aircrew of neck and back strain and greatly improve ejection safety.”

Advanced Display Capabilities

Beyond ergonomics, the helmet utilizes a binocular waveguide display system. Unlike monocular reticles used in older models, this technology projects high-definition color symbology and video into both eyes, creating a fully immersive 3D view of the battlespace. The system is capable of “sensor fusion at the edge,” processing mission data and weapon information directly on the helmet to act as a primary flight instrument.

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Luke Savoie, President and CEO of Elbit Systems of America, highlighted the strategic necessity of this upgrade:

“Zero-G is providing sensor fusion at the edge… As fighter aircraft level-up, the HMDs of those systems need to as well.”

Program Timeline and Deployment

The Zero-G HMDS+ program has moved rapidly since CEVS was awarded a $16 million contract by the U.S. Navy in September 2023 for development and test support. Following the successful CDR in December 2025, the program is scheduled to undergo flight testing and Avionics integration throughout 2026 and 2027.

The U.S. Navy projects Initial Operational Capability (IOC) for the system in 2027. Once fielded, it is expected to equip aviators across the entire fleet of U.S. Navy and Royal Australian Air Force Super Hornets and Growlers, totaling more than 750 aircraft.

AirPro News Analysis

The completion of the CDR signals a critical maturity point for the Navy’s effort to modernize the human-machine interface in its tactical fleet. While much industry attention is focused on future platforms like NGAD (Next Generation Air Dominance), the Zero-G program illustrates the military’s commitment to maintaining the lethality and survivability of its existing backbone fleet.

By adapting technology originally matured for the F-35 Gen III helmet, CEVS is effectively retrofitting advanced situational awareness tools onto older airframes. This approach not only extends the combat relevance of the Super Hornet but also addresses the acute retention issue of pilot physical health. The shift to digital night vision and balanced weight distribution suggests that the Navy views pilot longevity as a critical component of fleet readiness.

Sources

Photo Credit: RTX

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