Space & Satellites
NASA SpaceX Complete Super Heavy Wind Tunnel Tests for Artemis
NASA and SpaceX finished wind tunnel testing on the Super Heavy V3 booster, gathering aerodynamic data for Starship HLS and Artemis missions.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and SpaceX have concluded a critical series of wind tunnel tests on a scale model of the Super Heavy Version 3 rocket booster, gathering aerodynamic data that will inform flight software and structural load parameters for upcoming lunar missions. The agency formally announced the completion of the late 2025 testing at the Ames Research Center in California on July 31, 2026.
Detailed in a July 31 press release, the testing utilized a 1.2% scale model of the Super Heavy booster to simulate the extreme aerodynamic forces encountered during atmospheric re-entry. The resulting data is a prerequisite for the Starship Human Landing System (HLS), which will serve as the test article for the Artemis III demonstration mission in 2027 and a subsequent crewed lunar landing targeted for 2028.
Aerodynamic testing and structural updates
The evaluations took place in the Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames, subjecting the 1.2% scale model to a wide range of airspeeds. Engineers blasted the model with air ranging from Mach 0.2 to Mach 1.4 in the transonic wind tunnel, and from Mach 1.55 to Mach 2.5 in the supersonic wind tunnel.
The testing focused on the updated Super Heavy Version 3 architecture. The first-stage booster is powered by 33 Raptor 3 rocket engines and features a revised aerodynamic control system. SpaceX has reduced the number of gridfins on the booster from four to three, while increasing the size of each remaining gridfin by 50%.
Jayanta Panda, Unsteady Aerodynamics Subject Matter Expert at NASA Ames Research Center, explained the dual focus of the evaluations.
“When a rocket, or an airplane, flies through air at high speed, it’s subjected to steady aerodynamic forces and moments, and unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments. An example of a steady aerodynamic force would be when air smoothly flows over the surface of the rocket as it ascends. An unsteady aerodynamic force would be air ‘buffeting,’ or hitting, certain areas the rocket at less predictable times and potentially causing vibrations.”
The data collected directly influences the vehicle’s operational safety and reusability. Manish Mehta, Discipline Lead Engineer for the HLS Plume and Aero Environments team at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, stated that the steady force data helps predict atmospheric reactions during re-entry, allowing flight software to effectively guide the rocket. The unsteady pressure data provides engineers with an understanding of the re-entry environment, which serves as a primary input for software that analyzes structural loads on the booster.
Artemis III mission evolution
The wind tunnel results arrive as NASA and SpaceX refine the operational profile for the Starship HLS. On July 15, 2026, NASA outlined that Artemis III will function as a low Earth orbit demonstration mission. During this flight, SpaceX will utilize a test article based on the Starship Version 3 architecture to practice rendezvous and docking procedures with the Orion spacecraft.
Flight testing of the physical hardware is also underway. According to reporting by Aviation Week, SpaceX launched Starship Flight 13 on July 24, 2026. The suborbital test flight of the Starship Version 3 vehicle successfully completed a controlled reentry and splashdown in the Indian Ocean.
NASA is leveraging decades of aerodynamic research to accelerate the Starship HLS certification process. Mehta noted that the agency is utilizing its broad experience base from conducting wind tunnel tests for the Space Shuttle, the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, and the Orion spacecraft to efficiently analyze the Super Heavy Version 3 data. He added that similar testing at the Ames Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel previously resulted in adding strakes to the SLS for Artemis II.
AirPro News analysis
We view the completion of these wind tunnel tests as a necessary step in validating the Starship Version 3 architecture for human spaceflight. The shift to a three-gridfin design on the Super Heavy booster represents a significant aerodynamic departure from earlier iterations, making empirical data from the Ames Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel essential for safe booster recovery and reuse.
Furthermore, NASA’s recent decision to pivot Artemis III to a low Earth orbit demonstration mission underscores the technical hurdles remaining before a crewed lunar landing can occur in 2028. By testing the Starship HLS in Earth orbit first, NASA and SpaceX are mitigating risk and allowing time for the flight software and structural load models to be validated by both wind tunnel data and real-world flight tests like Starship Flight 13. While the 2028 lunar landing target remains highly compressed, the alignment of ground-based aerodynamic testing with concurrent orbital flight tests demonstrates a maturing development pipeline for the HLS program.
Sources: NASA Press Release
Photo Credit: NASA
Space & Satellites
Eutelsat Orders 229 OneWeb Satellites From Airbus in 1B Deal
Eutelsat authorizes Airbus to build 229 more OneWeb LEO satellites for €1 billion, bridging the gap to the EU’s IRIS² network.

Eutelsat Group has authorized Airbus Defence and Space to manufacture 229 additional OneWeb Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, a €1 billion ($1.16 billion) investment designed to bridge the operational gap before the European Union’s IRIS² secure communications network comes online.
Announced on September 10, 2026, at the International Space Summit in Paris, the Authorisation to Proceed (ATP) brings Eutelsat’s total order of next-generation OneWeb satellites from Airbus to 669. The agreement ensures service continuity for the constellation by progressively replacing first-generation units reaching the end of their design life.
Manufacturing and Payload Upgrades
The new batch of satellites will be manufactured at the Airbus facility in Toulouse, France. According to Eutelsat, the spacecraft will feature advanced digital channelisers to enhance onboard processing capabilities and will include the capacity to embark hosted payloads. These technical upgrades are intended to maintain network performance until the full commercial availability of the IRIS² network.
The OneWeb architecture currently consists of over 600 first-generation satellites operating at an altitude of 1,200 kilometers across 12 synchronized orbital planes.
“This new contract from Eutelsat highlights the maturity of our product, the excellence of our supply chain and their trust in our industrial know-how for high rate satellite manufacturing for large-scale LEO constellations,” said Alain Fauré, Head of Space Systems at Airbus Defence and Space. “This is also a further step for European sovereignty, for which Airbus and Eutelsat have been key partners for decades!”
Launch Timeline and Fleet Replenishment
The September 10 agreement follows a series of procurement expansions. Eutelsat initially awarded Airbus a contract for 100 next-generation satellites in December 2024, expanding the order by 340 units in January 2026. The latest addition of 229 satellites will enable Eutelsat to progressively replenish and expand the OneWeb constellation through 2034.
Deliveries from the initial 440-satellite order are expected to begin in the fourth quarter of 2026. To support the constellation’s renewal, Eutelsat also announced on September 10, 2026, that it selected Arianespace to conduct two dedicated launches in 2027 and 2028 using the Ariane 64 rocket.
Eutelsat Chief Executive Officer Jean-François Fallacher described the order as a critical step for the company’s LEO strategy.
“With the first satellites from the 440 due for delivery and launch soon, our replenishment programme is moving forward,” Fallacher said. “The planned addition of 229 more satellites will further strengthen OneWeb, while IRIS² will bring significant new capacity and capabilities. Together, they give us a powerful roadmap to serve our customers, grow our LEO business and reinforce our role at the heart of Europe’s sovereign connectivity future.”
Bridging the Gap to IRIS²
The OneWeb replenishment strategy is closely tied to broader European space initiatives. On the same day as the satellite order, Airbus Defence and Space confirmed it signed an initial contract to design and build the first layer of satellites for Europe’s sovereign IRIS² constellation on behalf of Eutelsat. The 229 new OneWeb units will serve as a transitional capacity bridge until the European Union fully deploys the IRIS² system.
AirPro News analysis
We view the concurrent announcements of the OneWeb expansion, the Arianespace launch contracts, and the IRIS² development as a consolidated push to secure European autonomy in low Earth orbit. By anchoring both the commercial OneWeb replenishment and the state-backed IRIS² program with Airbus, Eutelsat is streamlining its supply-chain while reinforcing the European aerospace industrial base. The selection of the Ariane 64 for upcoming launches further demonstrates a strategic pivot away from foreign launch providers, aligning commercial satellite operations with the European Union’s broader geopolitical objectives for sovereign connectivity.
Sources: Airbus
Photo Credit: Airbus
Space & Satellites
Spaceport Nova Scotia Statement of Work Deadline Extended
Maritime Launch Services and Isar Aerospace extend their Spaceport Nova Scotia deadline to Sept. 15, 2026 for the US$112.5M launch deal.

Maritime Launch Services Inc. and Isar Aerospace have extended the deadline to finalize the statement of work for their dedicated launch complex at Spaceport Nova Scotia by 14 days, moving the target date to September 15, 2026. The extension allows additional time for detailed planning of the Canadian site, which is slated to host the first orbital Launches of Isar Aerospace’s Spectrum launch vehicle in 2028.
In a press release issued on September 1, 2026, Maritime Launch Services confirmed the two companies agreed to the brief extension to maintain momentum on the project. The original facilities usage agreement, announced on July 7, 2026, aims to establish sovereign orbital launch capability from Canada and expand the European launch provider’s operations into North-America.
Finalizing the Spaceport Nova Scotia agreement
The July 2026 agreement outlined a 10-year Partnerships to develop a dedicated launch pad for the Spectrum launch vehicle. The deal remains conditional upon finalizing specific programmatic milestones and a detailed statement of work, which prompted the current deadline extension.
Both companies emphasized that the delay reflects the complexity of the planning rather than a setback in the partnership.
“Our teams are working through the detailed planning required to advance this important program. The additional 14 days will allow us to complete that work and maintain the strong momentum we have established together,” stated Stephen Matier, President and Chief Executive Officer of Maritime Launch Services.
Alexandre Dalloneau, Vice President of Mission and Launch Operations at Isar Aerospace, noted that the intensive work between the teams requires the extra time to finalize remaining details before execution of the program begins.
Financial commitments and operational timeline
The partnership represents a significant financial commitment for the development of Spaceport Nova Scotia. According to reporting by European Spaceflight, the July 2026 agreement includes a fixed-payment schedule totaling US$112.5 million over the 10-year period. Under these terms, Isar Aerospace will pay US$3.75 million per quarter following a 30-month fee waiver period, with separate per-launch fees applied once operations commence.
The current planning phase is critical for meeting the targeted 2028 timeframe for the first orbital launches. The Spectrum vehicle is designed to serve the growing small and medium satellite market, and the Canadian launch site will provide Isar Aerospace with access to high-inclination and polar orbits.
AirPro News analysis
We view this 14-day extension as a standard administrative adjustment rather than a signal of underlying friction. Establishing a new orbital launch complex involves complex regulatory, technical, and logistical frameworks, particularly when coordinating between a European launch provider and a Canadian spaceport operator. The US$112.5 million financial structure provides a strong incentive for both parties to finalize the statement of work. Meeting the September 15, 2026 deadline will be the next indicator of the program’s health as the companies work toward the 2028 launch target.
Sources: Maritime Launch Services Inc.
Photo Credit: Maritime Launch Services Inc.
Space & Satellites
Firefly Aerospace Signs Two Alpha Launches from Esrange Sweden
Firefly Aerospace and SSC Space agree to two Alpha rocket missions from Esrange Space Center, targeting launch no earlier than 2028.

Firefly Aerospace and SSC Space have signed a multi-launch agreement to conduct two Alpha rocket missions from the Esrange Space Center in Kiruna, Sweden, establishing a new orbital launch capability directly from mainland Europe.
Announced in a press release on September 9, 2026, the contracts targets initial launches no earlier than 2028. The partnership utilizes Firefly Aerospace’s “launch as a franchise” model, allowing SSC Space to secure full payload capacity for allocation to its government and commercial customers.
Strategic Implications for European Space Access
The agreement is designed to serve Sweden’s national security requirements and commercial rideshare customers while providing launch site diversification for NATO allies. By operating from northern Sweden, the partnership aims to create a resilient and responsive space mission architecture for European and allied defense networks.
Charlotta Sund, CEO and Group President of SSC Space, stated that adding an orbital launch capability to mainland Europe strengthens the continent’s competitiveness in the commercial space arena. She noted the agreement contributes to greater resilience and strategic autonomy within the defense domain.
Firefly Aerospace CEO Jason Kim indicated the contract validates European demand for localized orbital launch capabilities.
“These first two missions are just the start of a long-term, multi-launch partnership with SSC Space that will provide assured access to space for years to come with our proven Alpha rocket,” Kim said in the release.
Infrastructure and Regulatory Foundations
The September 9, 2026, agreement follows the completion of critical project milestones announced on June 30, 2026. These earlier milestones included the establishment of transatlantic regulatory frameworks and a formal agreement with the Swedish Defense Materiel Administration.
Operations at the Esrange Space Center will be governed by the U.S.-Sweden Technology Safeguards Agreement (TSA). This bilateral framework provides the legal and non-proliferation structure required for United States commercial launch vehicles to operate on European soil.
Launches will take place from Launch Complex 3C at the Swedish facility. Key infrastructure at the site has already been completed, including the launch control center, payload processing facility, launch vehicle integration building, tracking and control systems, and security facilities. Final construction on the launch pad itself is currently underway.
AirPro News analysis
The activation of Esrange Space Center for orbital launches represents a material shift in European space logistics. Historically, European institutional payloads have relied heavily on the Guiana Space Centre in South America or external commercial providers launching from the United States. By bringing Firefly Aerospace’s Alpha rocket to mainland Europe, we see a direct response to the growing demand for sovereign, responsive space access among NATO members. The “launch as a franchise” model also mitigates commercial risk for Firefly by transferring payload allocation and customer management responsibilities to SSC Space, ensuring the launch provider can focus strictly on vehicle operations and integration.
Sources: Firefly Aerospace via GlobeNewswire
Photo Credit: Firefly Aerospace
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