Technology & Innovation
GE Aerospace Launches Next-Gen Dust Ingestion Testing Rig for Engines
GE Aerospace deploys a dust ingestion testing rig treating dust as an aerosol to enhance engine durability testing for the CFM RISE program.

This article is based on an official press release from GE Aerospace.
Out of Thin Air: GE Aerospace Deploys Next-Generation Dust Ingestion Testing Rig
For commercial airlines operating in arid, hot, and harsh environments, microscopic airborne particles present a relentless threat to engine durability. Over years of service, ingested dust gradually degrades internal components, forcing premature maintenance and grounding aircraft. To combat this, GE Aerospace has successfully developed and deployed a next-generation dust ingestion testing rig, fundamentally changing how the aviation industry evaluates engine resilience.
According to an official press release from GE Aerospace, this breakthrough was spearheaded by Senior Test Engineer Michael Mutchler, affectionately known within the company as “Dr. Dust.” By shifting the fundamental engineering approach to how dust is handled during testing, Mutchler and his team have created a system capable of enduring grueling, months-long evaluation cycles without breaking down.
The new testing apparatus is already proving its worth. GE Aerospace reports that the rig is currently being utilized to test components for the CFM RISE program, a next-generation engine demonstrator, years ahead of scheduled flight tests. This marks the earliest the manufacturers has ever conducted dust ingestion testing on a technology demonstration program, signaling a proactive shift in how engine durability is prioritized.
The Engineering Breakthrough: Treating Dust as an Aerosol
Overcoming Mechanical Failure
Unlike standard icing tests, which can reveal engine vulnerabilities within a matter of hours, dust ingestion testing is a marathon. According to GE Aerospace, these tests can take up to six months to complete. The primary challenge historically has not just been engine survival, but the survival of the testing equipment itself. If a testing rig fails midway through a cycle, months of valuable data can be lost.
The catalyst for the new rig occurred in the summer of 2021 during a testing mission at GE Aerospace’s Global Research Center in Niskayuna, New York. Mutchler and his team observed that their equipment was failing under the mechanical stress of continuously delivering dust into the engines.
“We noticed that the old testing equipment was mechanically excited. In fact, it was kind of tearing itself apart,” Mutchler stated in the company release.
The “Aerosol” Solution and “Pixie Dust”
The breakthrough came when Mutchler identified a critical mental barrier in the engineering process: the team had been treating the ingested dust strictly as a solid. To relieve the mechanical stress on the equipment, he proposed treating the dust as an aerosol.
“We were still thinking about dust as just a solid substance. But it’s actually an aerosol, and can act like a solid and a gas at the same time,” Mutchler explained.
Following this realization, Mutchler collaborated with Daniel Ellestad, specialists in Bengaluru, India, and a team of expert geologists and chemists to redesign the “metering rig.” The company notes that this motor-driven apparatus uses high-pressure air to propel a consistent, controlled amount of proprietary dust into the engine’s flow path. This proprietary mix of sand and particles, dubbed “pixie dust” by the engineers, was specifically developed to perfectly mimic real-world atmospheric conditions found in regions like Dubai.
Stress-Testing the Future of Flight
The CFM RISE Program
The newly developed testing rigs have been installed at GE Aerospace’s Evendale, Ohio campus and its Peebles Test Operation. With simple nozzle modifications, the company states the rig can test all of its engine lines, including the highly anticipated CFM RISE program. Unveiled in 2021 by CFM International (a 50-50 joint venture between GE Aerospace and Safran Aircraft Engines), the RISE program features an “Open Fan” architecture that targets a 20 percent improvement in fuel efficiency compared to current commercial engines.
In late 2025, CFM began utilizing Mutchler’s rig to conduct dust ingestion testing on the RISE program’s next-generation high-pressure turbine (HPT) airfoils and compact engine core. The rig injects dust over thousands of cycles, simulating takeoff, climb, cruise, and landing phases.
“With the RISE technology demonstration program, we’re pursuing durability and efficiency improvements with equal focus,” said Arjan Hegeman, Vice President for the Future of Flight at GE Aerospace.
Peebles Test Operation
The grueling dust ingestion tests are primarily conducted at the Peebles Test Operation, a sprawling 7,000-acre facility in southern Ohio. Originally established in 1954 as a rocket engine test site, GE Aerospace notes that Peebles now serves as the primary testing ground for commercial engines, including the GE90, GEnx, GE9X, and CFM LEAP.
AirPro News analysis
At AirPro News, we view this development as a critical step forward for airline operational economics. Dust ingestion is a primary driver of “time-on-wing” degradation for carriers operating in the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia. When engines ingest microscopic sand and dust, the resulting wear on turbine blades and internal cores forces airlines to remove and overhaul engines far sooner than they would in temperate climates. By successfully modeling dust as an aerosol and testing next-generation architectures like the CFM RISE early in the development cycle, GE Aerospace is directly addressing one of the most costly maintenance pain points for global operators. If the RISE program can achieve its stated 20 percent fuel efficiency gains without sacrificing durability in harsh environments, it will represent a massive competitive advantage in the next decade of commercial aviation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is dust ingestion testing?
Dust ingestion testing is a process where jet engines are subjected to controlled amounts of airborne particles (like sand and dust) over long periods to simulate the wear and tear they experience in harsh, arid environments.
Why did GE Aerospace need a new testing rig?
According to the company, previous testing equipment was physically breaking down under the mechanical stress of delivering solid dust over testing cycles that can last up to six months.
What is the CFM RISE program?
The CFM RISE program is a technology demonstrator developed by CFM International (a joint venture between GE Aerospace and Safran). It aims to develop an “Open Fan” engine architecture that delivers a 20 percent improvement in fuel efficiency.
Sources
Photo Credit: GE Aerospace
Technology & Innovation
Norway Selected for Electra EL2 eSTOL Demo Flights in 2027
Bristow, Electra, Avinor, and CAA Norway select five sites for hybrid-electric eSTOL demonstration flights in Q3 2027.

Bristow Group Inc., Electra, Avinor, and the Civil Aviation Authority of Norway (CAA Norway) have selected five locations across Norway to host demonstration flights of Electra’s hybrid-electric ultra-short takeoff and landing (eSTOL) technology demonstrator in the third quarter of 2027.
Announced in a joint press release on October 19, 2026, the initiative will test infrastructure, airspace integration, and regulatory frameworks across three distinct operating environments to prepare for the commercial introduction of hybrid-electric aircraft.
Testing eSTOL capabilities across diverse environments
The demonstration flights will take place at Horvnes quay near Sandnessjøen, Kongsbergporten Business Park, Trondheim Airport, Oslo Airport, and Mosjøen Airport. These locations were chosen to represent a cross-section of Norwegian aviation infrastructure, ranging from novel landing sites without established runways to short-runway regional facilities and major international aviation hubs.
The site selection follows an April 21, 2026 partnership agreement among the four organizations to use Norway as an international test arena for zero- and low-emission aviation technologies. Avinor, a state-owned company responsible for 43 airports and Norway’s air navigation services, is facilitating the infrastructure integration.
What matters is not the individual location itself, but that we are able to test the technology under different conditions and in different parts of the aviation system. This will give us insight into what is required in terms of infrastructure, airspace, procedures and regulations when new types of aircraft are ready to enter service in Norway.
The statement was provided by Karianne Helland Strand, Executive Vice President of Sustainability and Infrastructure at Avinor.
Bristow Group Inc., a global provider of aviation services, will operate the flights. Dave Stepanek, Executive Vice President and Chief Transformation Officer at Bristow, noted that the selected locations will allow the partners to demonstrate the operational flexibility of the aircraft across varied environments. He added that detailed planning for the 2027 flight demonstrations will now begin.
Regulatory integration and the path to commercial service
A primary objective of the 2027 flights is to generate data for regulatory authorities. FAA Norway will use the demonstrations to evaluate how eSTOL aircraft can safely share airspace with conventional air traffic and whether current aviation regulations require modification to accommodate hybrid-electric operations.
When we test new aircraft technologies in such a range of different scenarios, we will be able to assess whether the existing regulatory framework is fit for purpose. It is also valuable for us to build knowledge about how a new type of aircraft with specific characteristics can be safely integrated with other air traffic.
The remarks were made by Jan Petter Steinland, Director of Innovation, Research and Sustainability at CAA Norway.
Electra views the Norwegian demonstrations as a foundational step toward a new operational model. Diana Siegel, Vice President of Commercial Programs at Electra, stated that the flights will lay the groundwork for a “Direct Aviation ecosystem” that connects major airport hubs directly with communities lacking traditional runways.
Electra’s eSTOL development and market positioning
The aircraft slated for the Norwegian demonstrations is the Electra EL2, also known as the Goldfinch. The EL2 is a two-seat technology demonstrator that utilizes blown-lift aerodynamics and distributed electric propulsion to achieve takeoffs and landings in under 170 feet (approximately 50 meters). The demonstrator previously completed its first urban flight on June 2, 2026, landing on a pier in downtown Charleston, South Carolina.
Data gathered from the EL2 flights will inform the development of the Electra EL9, the company’s planned nine-passenger commercial variant. The EL9 combines electric propulsion with a turbogenerator powered by SAF. According to Electra, this hybrid approach aims to deliver 2.5 times the payload and 10 times the range of pure electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, with 70 percent lower operating costs than traditional helicopters.
Electra has secured more than 2,200 letters of intent from over 60 commercial customers for the EL9. To meet this anticipated demand, the company announced an $850 million investment on July 21, 2026, to build a manufacturing facility in Springfield, Ohio. The factory is projected to produce up to 800 EL9 aircraft annually and create nearly 2,000 jobs.
On September 15, 2026, Electra signed an agreement with Atlas to manufacture and assemble airframes for the EL9 prototypes at facilities in Wichita, Kansas. The first prototypes are expected to be delivered for flight testing in 2027, aligning with the company’s target to achieve Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Part 23 type certification in 2029.
AirPro News analysis
The selection of Norway as a testing ground highlights a strategic divergence in the advanced air mobility (AAM) sector. While much of the industry has focused on eVTOL designs for urban air mobility, Electra’s eSTOL approach bypasses the severe battery weight penalties associated with vertical lift. By requiring just 50 meters of runway, the EL9 can operate from repurposed maritime infrastructure, business parks, and the existing network of short-runway regional airports.
We view Norway as the ideal proving ground for this operational model. The country’s challenging geography of fjords and scattered coastal communities relies heavily on a subsidized regional air network managed by Avinor. If Bristow and Electra can successfully demonstrate reliable, low-emission operations in these environments during the 2027 test campaign, it will provide a compelling proof-of-concept for eSTOL technology as a viable replacement for aging regional turboprops and expensive helicopter transport.
Photo Credit: Bristow Group Inc.
Technology & Innovation
Archer Aviation Midnight eVTOL Completes Bay Area Flight Tour
Archer Aviation’s Midnight eVTOL logged 200+ miles across the San Francisco Bay Area, ahead of LA flights under the FAA’s eIPP.

Archer Aviation Inc. (ACHR) has concluded the Northern California phase of its nationwide flight tour, accumulating over 200 flight miles with its Midnight electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft across the San Francisco Bay Area.
The piloted demonstration flights included operations out of Oakland International Airport (OAK) and were designed to test the aircraft’s integration into the complex airspace surrounding three major international hubs. In a press release issued on October 19, 2026, the company stated that the operational experience gathered will support upcoming flights in Los Angeles under a federal airspace integration initiative.
Navigating Bay Area airspace
The Northern California leg of the “No Roads” tour included stops in Salinas, Hollister, San Martin, San Jose, Mountain View, and Hayward before culminating in the Bay Area. During the final phase, the Midnight aircraft conducted multiple flights taking off and landing at Oakland. One highlighted route connected Oakland to San Francisco’s Marina District, a journey the aircraft completed in approximately 10 minutes. The company contrasted this with the hour or more required to make the same trip by car in typical traffic.
Adam Goldstein, Founder and CEO of Archer Aviation, emphasized the operational goals of the regional tour.
Flying Midnight across multiple cities in Northern California shows we can connect communities with no roads, no traffic, and no emissions in minutes instead of hours. That’s the future we’re working towards bringing to the Bay Area, Los Angeles and cities across the country.
While the flight demonstrated the aircraft’s point-to-point capabilities, technology publication PCMag noted that the Marina District has not housed an active commercial air facility since 1944. The flight served as a capability demonstration rather than a test of an active commercial route.
Midnight aircraft specifications
The Midnight is a piloted, four-passenger air taxi powered by 12 electric motors and six independent battery packs. According to technical specifications provided by the manufacturer, the aircraft is designed for rapid back-to-back trips of 20 to 50 miles. It features an advertised cruise speed of 150 mph and requires approximately 10 minutes of recharging time between flights.
During the Bay Area demonstrations, the aircraft reached a top speed of 131 mph. The manufacturer also highlights the aircraft’s acoustic profile, estimating that it produces 45 decibels of noise during forward flight, a metric designed to facilitate operations in noise-sensitive urban environments.
The path to commercial operations
The data collected during the Northern California tour sets the stage for Archer’s next phase of testing in Southern California. The company plans to fly the Midnight aircraft in Los Angeles as part of the eVTOL Integration Pilot Program (eIPP). Announced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) in March 2026, the eIPP is a White House-backed initiative designed to accelerate the testing and integration of electric aircraft into the national airspace system.
Archer is preparing for its role as the Official Air Taxi Provider of the LA28 Olympic Games. The company is competing in a rapidly developing sector alongside manufacturers like Joby Aviation, which began its own eIPP demonstration flights in the Dallas-Fort Worth region in September 2026.
Archer’s operational push follows a corporate restructuring on August 10, 2026, when the company agreed to acquire three autonomous aviation subsidiaries from The Boeing Company (BA). Following the transfer of Wisk Aero, SkyGrid, and Insitu, Boeing retained a 19.75 percent ownership stake in Archer.
AirPro News analysis
We view the transition from controlled test environments to complex urban airspace as a critical milestone for the eVTOL sector. Operating in the vicinity of San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose requires coordination with multiple air traffic control facilities and demonstrates the aircraft’s ability to integrate into existing traffic flows. However, the Marina District landing highlights a parallel challenge for the industry. While the aircraft can physically complete the 10-minute journey, the lack of existing infrastructure in dense urban neighborhoods underscores that the success of urban air mobility will depend as much on local zoning and vertiport development as it does on aircraft certification.
Photo Credit: Archer Aviation
Technology & Innovation
Vertical Aerospace Signs ANH and NG LITEF for Valo eVTOL
Vertical Aerospace contracts ANH Structure and Northrop Grumman LITEF for Valo seating and navigation systems ahead of 2029 certification.

Vertical Aerospace (NYSE: EVTL) has secured long-term supplier agreements with South Korea-based ANH Structure Co., Ltd. and Germany-based Northrop Grumman LITEF GmbH to provide critical seating and navigation systems for its Valo electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft.
Announced in an October 16, 2026, press release, the contracts advance the Bristol, United Kingdom, manufacturer toward its goal of commercial production and certification by expanding an established Tier 1 aerospace supplier network.
Securing critical cabin and navigation systems
Under the new agreements, ANH Structure will supply advanced aircraft seating systems for the Valo platform. The South Korean manufacturer holds European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Design Organisation Approval and Production Organisation Approval. The seating system incorporates 30G energy-absorption technology, a critical safety feature designed to protect occupants during high-impact events.
Northrop Grumman LITEF, a subsidiary of Northrop Grumman Corporation founded in 1961 and headquartered in Freiburg im Breisgau, will supply the LCR-110 inertial reference system. The technology provides essential navigation and sensor data required for the aircraft’s flight control systems.
Stuart Simpson, CEO of Vertical Aerospace, stated that the selection of both companies adds strength to the supplier ecosystem behind the aircraft.
“Valo is progressing from an advanced design into an aircraft supported by the people, systems and industrial capability needed for certification and production at scale,” Simpson said. “ANH Structure and NG LITEF each bring specialist expertise and strong certification credentials.”
Expanding the Valo production ecosystem
Vertical Aerospace officially launched the Valo eVTOL in London on December 11, 2025. The manufacturer is developing the aircraft under a single-platform strategy designed to accommodate multiple missions. The design encompasses four- and six-passenger cabin configurations, alongside electric, hybrid-electric, and autonomous variants intended for both commercial and defense markets.
The supplier agreements follow a series of industrial milestones for the company. On July 16, 2026, Vertical Aerospace signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Near Earth Autonomy to integrate autonomous flight systems with the Honeywell Aerospace Anthem digital cockpit on the Valo platform.
On September 25, 2026, the company opened a new 60,000-square-foot Aircraft Assembly Centre at its Flight Test Centre at Cotswold Airport. Supported by a £1.5 million investment, the facility is designed to assemble certification-conforming Valo aircraft and a hybrid-electric demonstrator. The site has the capacity to build more than 25 aircraft annually during early production phases.
ANH Structure and NG LITEF join an existing Tier 1 supplier network that includes Honeywell Aerospace, Sonaca, Evolito, Hyundai WIA, Synesqo, Isoclima, and Astronics.
Path to certification and market entry
Vertical Aerospace has accumulated approximately 1,500 pre-orders for the Valo aircraft. The customer backlog includes commitments from American Airlines, Avolon, Bristow, GOL, and Japan Airlines.
The company is currently working with the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) to validate the aircraft’s design and systems. Vertical Aerospace has set a target of achieving Type Certification for the Valo by 2029, which will allow the manufacturer to begin commercial deliveries to its airline and operator customers.
AirPro News analysis
The transition from conceptual design to a locked supply chain is a critical filter for the electric aviation sector. By contracting with established aerospace entities like a Northrop Grumman subsidiary and an EASA-approved seating manufacturer, Vertical Aerospace is signaling industrial maturity to regulators. We note that the specification of 30G energy-absorption seating highlights the stringent crashworthiness standards the Valo platform must meet to satisfy certification authorities, which often exceed legacy rotorcraft requirements. As the company targets a 2029 certification date with the CAA, finalizing these Tier 1 supplier agreements is a necessary step to ensure the Cotswold Assembly Centre has the certified components required to scale production.
Photo Credit: Vertical Aerospace
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