Technology & Innovation
Japan Airlines to Trial Humanoid Robots for Ground Handling by 2028
Japan Airlines and GMO AIR launch humanoid robot trials at Tokyo Haneda Airport in 2026 to address labor shortages in ground handling by 2028.
This article is based on an official press release from Japan Airlines Co., Ltd.
On April 27, 2026, the tarmac at Tokyo’s Haneda Airport became the staging ground for a radical response to Japan’s demographic crisis. Japan Airlines Co., Ltd. (JAL), alongside its ground handling subsidiary JAL Grand Service Co., Ltd. (JGS) and GMO AI & Robotics Trading Co., Ltd. (GMO AIR), announced the country’s first demonstration experiment utilizing humanoid robots for airport ground handling operations.
According to the joint press release, the multi-year project will officially launch in May 2026. The initiative aims to combat severe labor shortages in the aviation sector by automating physically demanding tasks, with the ultimate goal of achieving full practical implementation by 2028. For an industry heavily reliant on manual labor to maintain strict turnaround times, this represents a significant shift in operational strategy.
We view this development not merely as a technological novelty, but as a vital infrastructure survival strategy. Japan has long been a bellwether for global demographic challenges; if JAL and GMO succeed in integrating humanoids into daily operations, this experiment could serve as the blueprint for global aviation operations in the 2030s.
The Experiment and Phased Rollout
Hardware and Capabilities
The demonstration relies on Chinese-made humanoid robots specifically selected for their physical specifications. According to the project’s technical details, the models unveiled feature a silver-based body, stand 130 centimeters tall, and weigh 35 kilograms. Currently, these units are capable of operating continuously for two to three hours before requiring a recharge, which dictates how they will be scheduled during the initial testing phases.
Phased Implementation Plan
The companies have outlined a strict, phased approach to integration between 2026 and 2028. Phase 1 focuses on visualizing and analyzing existing airport workflows to identify specific areas where robots can operate safely alongside human ground crews. Phase 2 will introduce initial physical tests, tasking the robots with pushing and moving cargo containers from trolleys to the aircraft.
If these initial phases prove successful, the press release notes that the robots’ duties will eventually expand to include baggage loading, aircraft towing, operating Ground Support Equipment (GSE), and even aircraft cabin cleaning.
The Labor Crisis and the Case for Humanoids
Japan’s Demographic Squeeze
The backdrop to this robotics initiative is a severe demographic and economic squeeze hitting Japan’s aviation sector. Industry data highlights that Japan’s national population dropped from 128.5 million in 2010 to 122.6 million in 2024, drastically shrinking the pool of working-age individuals. Compounded by a post-pandemic recovery and a massive surge in inbound tourism, the gap between labor supply and operational needs has widened to critical levels. Ground handling remains highly physical work, requiring the lifting of heavy baggage and maneuvering of cargo, while demanding strict adherence to safety standards.
Why Humanoid Form Factors?
A central question surrounding the initiative is why the consortium opted for humanoid robots over traditional, purpose-built automation. The primary advantage is infrastructure compatibility. Airports are built entirely around human workers. Traditional wheeled robots or fixed automated systems struggle to adapt to these environments; they cannot climb stairs and often require costly floor modifications. Humanoid robots possess a human-like range of motion, allowing them to be deployed into existing airport setups and tight spaces without requiring expensive modifications to facilities or the aircraft themselves.
“While airports appear highly automated and standardised, their back-end operations still rely heavily on human labour and face serious labour shortages.”
— Tomohiro Uchida, President & CEO of GMO AI & Robotics Trading, via company press release
Corporate Strategy and Industry Context
Pioneering “Labor as a Service”
The GMO Internet Group has officially declared 2026 as the “First Year of Humanoids.” Through GMO AIR, the company is pioneering a shift in the robotics business model from traditional product sales to a “Humanoid Dispatch Service,” effectively creating a Labor-as-a-Service (LaaS) model. This strategy draws on expertise from the newly opened “GMO Humanoid Lab Shibuya Showcase,” a physical AI research hub that launched earlier this month on April 7, 2026.
For JAL, this project is the latest step in a long-term automation journey. In 2021, the airline became the first in Japan to officially introduce Level 3 equivalent autonomous towing tractors for baggage transport within the restricted areas of Narita International Airport.
Replacing physically demanding tasks with robots “is likely to inevitably reduce workers’ burden, providing significant benefits to employees.”
— Yoshiteru Suzuki, President & CEO of JAL Grand Service, via company press release
Suzuki further emphasized in the release that automation will allow human staff to focus on critical tasks that require human judgment, such as comprehensive safety management.
AirPro News analysis
While the vision presented by JAL and GMO AIR is compelling, we must acknowledge the significant hurdles this technology faces before reaching the 2028 implementation goal. Humanoid robotics, despite rapid advancements, remains in its relative infancy regarding high-pressure, unpredictable environments. Recent research from Stanford University highlighted that humanoid robots currently fail up to 88% of the time when performing routine household tasks. Translating these capabilities to a fast-paced, high-stakes airport tarmac will require exponential improvements in reliability.
Furthermore, economic feasibility remains a point of contention. Industry experts, including ASI CEO Mel Torrie, have publicly questioned the economic viability of humanoid robots compared to purpose-built autonomous vehicles, which are already successfully deployed in global logistics and warehousing. The success of JAL’s experiment will likely hinge not just on whether the robots can perform the tasks, but whether they can do so more cost-effectively than alternative automation methods.
Frequently Asked Questions
When does the humanoid robot trial begin?
The phased trial begins in May 2026 at Tokyo’s Haneda Airport and is scheduled to run through 2028.
What tasks will the robots perform?
Initially, the robots will be tested on pushing and moving cargo containers from trolleys to the aircraft. Future tasks may include baggage loading, aircraft towing, operating Ground Support Equipment (GSE), and cabin cleaning.
Why use humanoid robots instead of wheeled robots?
Airports are designed for human workers. Humanoid robots have a human-like range of motion, allowing them to navigate stairs, tight spaces, and existing infrastructure without the need for expensive facility modifications that wheeled robots would require.
Sources: Japan Airlines Co., Ltd. Press Release
Photo Credit: Japan Airlines
Technology & Innovation
H55 Delivers Battery Modules for RTX Hybrid-Electric Demonstrator
H55 delivered 200 kWh Adagio Battery Modules to Pratt & Whitney Canada on June 9, 2026, advancing the RTX hybrid-electric flight program.
Swiss battery manufacturer H55 delivered its certification-grade Adagio Battery Modules to Pratt & Whitney Canada on June 9, 2026, marking a critical hardware transition for the RTX Hybrid-Electric Flight Demonstrator program.
The delivery, announced in an H55 press release, transitions the 200 kilowatt-hour (kWh) energy storage system from technology development to active aircraft integration. The demonstrator is based on a modified De Havilland Aircraft of Canada Dash 8-100 regional turboprop. The program targets a 30 percent improvement in fuel efficiency and an equivalent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions compared to current regional Commercial-Aircraft.
Integration and testing timeline
The RTX demonstrator propulsion system pairs a Pratt & Whitney Canada thermal engine with a 1-megawatt electric motor developed by Collins Aerospace. H55’s battery modules will power the electric motor during optimized phases of flight to reduce the load on the thermal engine.
Pratt & Whitney Canada initially selected H55 to provide the battery pack for the regional hybrid-electric flight demonstrator program on May 19, 2022. The integrated hybrid-electric Propulsion system and batteries subsequently completed a first full-power ground test on June 16, 2025. With the production-conforming modules now delivered to the Pratt & Whitney Canada facility in Montreal, the program moves toward final integration and flight testing. AeroTEC will support the flight test campaign at its facility in Moses Lake, Washington.
Certification-grade architecture
In March 2026, H55 confirmed that Pratt & Whitney Canada built the demonstrator’s compliance baseline on the H55 architecture. The system has accumulated more than 2,000 flight hours and undergone validation through European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) test campaigns.
H55 Co-Founder and Chief Technology Officer Sébastien Demont emphasized the industry requirement for industrialized manufacturing and operational reliability as Electric-Aviation matures.
“Aircraft Manufacturers today require more than battery technology. They require certification-grade safety architecture, industrialized manufacturing, operational reliability and scalable systems integration. Delivering production-conforming modules into the RTX Hybrid-Electric Flight Demonstrator validates H55’s ability to meet those requirements at an industrial scale and marks an important step in bringing our certification-grade energy storage technologies to a broader range of commercial aerospace applications.”
AirPro News analysis
The delivery of flight-ready, certification-grade hardware remains a significant bottleneck in aerospace electrification. By supplying modules that already align with EASA validation frameworks, H55 reduces the certification risk for the broader RTX demonstrator program. We view the integration of a 1-megawatt electric motor with a 200 kWh battery system on a Dash 8-100 airframe as a highly pragmatic testbed. It allows the industry to evaluate thermal management, battery degradation, and hybrid power-sharing in a representative regional airline profile before committing to clean-sheet aircraft designs.
Sources: H55
Photo Credit: H55
Technology & Innovation
DLR Showcases Aviation and Space Research at ILA Berlin 2026
DLR presents the D328 UpLift testbed, certification by analysis methods, and HECC funding plans at ILA Berlin 2026.
The German Aerospace Center (DLR) is showcasing its latest advancements in climate-compatible aviation, space security, and human space exploration at the International Aerospace Exhibition (ILA) Berlin, running from June 10 to 14, 2026.
In collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the German Aerospace Industries Association (BDLI), DLR is presenting physical research aircraft, engineering simulators, and space exploration technologies at the Berlin ExpoCenter Airport. The exhibition highlights Germany and Europe’s strategic push toward aerospace autonomy and sustainable aviation technologies, according to a press release issued by DLR.
Aviation research and the D328 UpLift testbed
A central focus of DLR’s aviation exhibition is the integration of digital simulation with physical flight testing. The organization is displaying several research aircraft on the ILA Plaza, including the In-flight Systems & Technology Airborne Research (ISTAR) Dassault Falcon 2000LX and the D328 UpLift flying testbed, a modified Dornier 328-100.
Inside the exhibition halls, DLR is operating the ESIM2 engineering simulator. Anke Kaysser-Pyzalla, Chair of the DLR Executive Board, stated that the organization is presenting both the reality and the simulation of the D328 UpLift project for the first time by pairing the physical aircraft on the plaza with a true-to-life engineering simulator of a Dornier 328 cockpit at the DLR stand.
This dual approach supports broader industry efforts to streamline aircraft development. On June 10, 2026, Aviation Week reported that DLR is utilizing the UpLift flying testbed to explore “certification by analysis” methodologies. These methodologies aim to mature aviation technologies sooner by relying on advanced digital modeling validated by targeted physical flight tests.
Space exploration and the new control center
In the space sector, DLR is co-hosting the Space Pavilion alongside ESA and BDLI under the slogan “Space4Future.” The pavilion focuses on Earth observation, planetary defense, and in-space operations. Anne-Sophie Bradelle, Head of the ESA Communication Department, noted that the joint exhibition demonstrates Europe’s achievements in space and strengthens the region’s autonomy in the current geopolitical environment.
DLR is also detailing its plans for the new Human Exploration Control Center (HECC). In February 2026, DLR received 58 million euros in funding from the Free State of Bavaria for the facility’s construction. The organization has allocated an additional 20 million euros from its institutional core funding for the project.
Construction of the HECC is scheduled to begin in 2028 in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, with operations slated to start in 2030. Visitors to the DLR stand can view insights into the emerging control center alongside other space technologies, including the Martian moon rover Idefix and the MAPHEUS sounding rocket programme.
AirPro News analysis
We view DLR’s emphasis on “certification by analysis” and physical testbeds like the D328 UpLift as a critical step for the European aerospace sector. By bridging the gap between digital simulation and physical flight testing, research institutions can help original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) reduce the time and cost associated with bringing sustainable aviation technologies to market. The substantial regional and institutional investment in the HECC also signals a long-term commitment to maintaining European autonomy in human spaceflight operations.
Sources: German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Photo Credit: German Aerospace Center – DLR
Technology & Innovation
GE Aerospace Completes RISE Program Tests in Germany
GE Aerospace and Avio Aero hit hydrogen combustion and hybrid electric milestones in Germany for the CFM RISE program.
GE Aerospace (GE) and its subsidiary Avio Aero have completed critical testing milestones for hydrogen combustion and hybrid electric propulsion systems at facilities in Germany. Announced on June 12, 2026, at the ILA Berlin airshow, the tests advance technologies intended for the CFM International RISE program.
The milestones, achieved in collaboration with the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the European Union’s Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking, focus on the HYDEA and AMBER projects. According to a press release issued by GE Aerospace, these developments support the broader goal of the Revolutionary Innovation for Sustainable Engines (RISE) program, which targets a fuel burn improvement of more than 20 percent compared to current commercial engines. The engineering work supporting these milestones spans centers in Germany, Italy, Poland, and Türkiye.
Hydrogen combustion and altitude restart validation
The HYDEA project successfully executed its first engine restart test using hydrogen under simulated altitude conditions. Conducted at the DLR Institute of Space Propulsion in Lampoldshausen, Germany, the test utilized a custom hydrogen sector combustor test rig.
Engineers employed a synthetic air generator to replicate dry air at specific flight conditions, allowing the team to establish a relight operability envelope for hydrogen fuel. The specialized ignition system used in the test was designed and manufactured by Unison, another GE Aerospace company. Luca Bedon, Head of Research and Technology at Avio Aero, stated that the European teams are turning ideas into tested capabilities alongside their research partners.
Hybrid electric fuel cell testing
Parallel to the hydrogen tests, the AMBER project concluded a testing campaign on a proprietary fuel cell system at the DLR BALIS facility. This megawatt-class hybrid electric propulsion initiative focused on the dynamic behavior of fuel cells during flight operations.
The testing validated the system’s ability to transition from idle to maximum power during short transient times. It also demonstrated the fuel cell’s resilience across various power modes designed to simulate both short-range and long-range flight profiles.
“The future of flight is more electric. We’re proud to partner with DLR and others around the world to advance the building blocks to help make hybrid electric aviation a reality,” said Roman Seele, Future of Flight Leader for GE Aerospace in Germany.
Broader implications for the CFM RISE program
The technologies validated through HYDEA and AMBER will feed into the CFM International RISE program. CFM International is a 50-50 joint company between GE Aerospace and Safran Aircraft Engines. Unveiled in 2021, the RISE program has accumulated more than 350 tests and over 3,000 cycles of endurance testing to date.
GE Aerospace and Avio Aero are also participating in additional Clean Aviation initiatives, including the TAKE OFF and OFELIA projects. These parallel efforts focus on Open Fan ground and flight test demonstrators led by Safran Aircraft Engines. MarÃa Calvo, Head of Project Management at the Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking, noted that Avio Aero’s ongoing commitment reflects the strength of European industrial collaboration in delivering technologies for the next generation of aircraft.
AirPro News analysis
We view the concurrent progress in both hydrogen combustion and megawatt-class hybrid electric systems as a strong indicator of GE Aerospace’s diversified approach to the CFM RISE program. By utilizing European research infrastructure like the DLR facilities, the manufacturer is effectively distributing the high research and development costs associated with next-generation propulsion. The successful altitude relight test for hydrogen is particularly notable, as ignition and flame stability at altitude remain primary technical hurdles for direct hydrogen combustion in commercial aircraft.
Sources: GE Aerospace
Photo Credit: GE Aerospace
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