Technology & Innovation
NASA’s X-59 Advances in Quiet Supersonic Flight Testing
NASA’s X-59 completes second flight, entering envelope expansion phase to test quiet supersonic flight technology with Lockheed Martin.

This article is based on an official press release from NASA.
NASA is gearing up to share critical updates on the future of quiet supersonic flight. According to an official press release, the space agency will host a media teleconference on Friday, March 20, 2026, at 5:30 p.m. EDT to outline the upcoming flight test plans for the X-59 experimental aircraft. This briefing follows the aircraft’s highly anticipated second test flight in California, marking a pivotal transition into the “envelope expansion” phase of the Quesst mission.
Built by Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works, the X-59 is the centerpiece of NASA’s ambitious initiative to break the sound barrier without generating the disruptive sonic booms that have historically plagued supersonic travel. At AirPro News, we are closely monitoring these developments, as the success of this program could fundamentally reshape commercial aviation and regulatory standards worldwide.
The Second Flight and Envelope Expansion
Pushing the Limits Safely
Before taking to the skies for its second flight, the X-59 completed crucial ground evaluations. On Thursday, March 12, 2026, the aircraft successfully underwent engine run testing at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. NASA notes that this was one of the final ground tests required before the aircraft could proceed with its next airborne mission.
During the second flight, the X-59 is scheduled to taxi from its hangar at NASA Armstrong, take off, and eventually land at the nearby Edwards Air Force Base. The flight plan spans approximately one hour. According to the provided flight parameters, the aircraft will reach a cruising speed of 230 mph at an altitude of 12,000 feet before accelerating to 260 mph at 20,000 feet.
“This second flight officially kicks off a phase known as ‘envelope expansion.’ During this period, NASA engineers and test pilots will gradually push the aircraft to fly faster and higher to validate its safety, stability, and performance limits,” the agency’s research materials state.
Engineering the Quiet Supersonic “Thump”
Innovative Design Features
The X-59 relies on highly specialized geometry to achieve its acoustic goals. The aircraft measures 99.7 feet in length with a wingspan of 29.5 feet. Notably, a full third of its length consists of an elongated, thin nose cone engineered specifically to break up shockwaves before they can merge.
Powering the experimental plane is a single General Electric F414-GE-100 engine, a model commonly utilized in F/A-18 Super Hornets. In a departure from traditional aircraft design, this engine is mounted on top of the fuselage. NASA explains that this top-mounted configuration directs shockwaves upward, preventing them from reaching the ground and disturbing communities below.
Because the elongated nose forces the cockpit to sit low within the fuselage, the X-59 lacks a forward-facing window. To compensate, NASA developed the eXternal Vision System (XVS). This forward-facing multi-camera system feeds a 4K monitor in the cockpit, providing pilots with an augmented reality display of the airspace, traffic, and graphical flight data.
The Path to Commercial Supersonic Travel
Community Testing and Regulatory Changes
The X-59’s inaugural flight took place on October 28, 2025. During that debut, the aircraft flew for about an hour, reaching a maximum speed of 230 mph at 12,000 feet. Following the flight, NASA conducted extensive maintenance and inspections, which included removing the engine and over 70 panels to verify the aircraft’s structural integrity.
The ultimate goal of the Quesst mission is to reach a top cruising speed of Mach 1.4, approximately 925 mph, at an altitude of 55,000 feet. When traditional aircraft break the sound barrier, merging shockwaves create an explosive sonic boom. The X-59 is designed to separate these shockwaves, reducing the noise to a quiet sonic “thump.” NASA estimates this thump will register at around 75 perceived decibels, which is comparable to the sound of a car door closing.
Once the aircraft’s performance is fully validated, NASA plans to fly the X-59 over select U.S. communities. The resulting public response data will be shared with regulators, including the FAA and ICAO, to potentially establish new noise thresholds and lift the decades-old ban on overland commercial supersonic travel.
AirPro News analysis
The retirement of the Concorde in 2003 marked the end of an era for commercial supersonic flight, largely because noise regulations restricted the aircraft to transoceanic routes. If NASA’s Quesst mission succeeds, it could pave the way for a new generation of airliners capable of cutting cross-country or international flight times in half. However, we must emphasize patience in this testing phase. The X-59 is not breaking the sound barrier yet; the current envelope expansion phase is strictly focused on safety and system validation. Actual supersonic acoustic tests remain further down the program’s timeline.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- What is the X-59?
The X-59 is an experimental aircraft built by Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works for NASA’s Quesst mission. It is designed to fly faster than the speed of sound without producing a loud sonic boom. - When will the X-59 break the sound barrier?
The aircraft is currently in its “envelope expansion” phase, flying at subsonic speeds (up to 260 mph at 20,000 feet in its second flight). It will gradually be pushed to its ultimate goal of Mach 1.4 (approx. 925 mph) at 55,000 feet in future tests. - Why does the X-59 have no forward window?
The aircraft’s elongated nose, which is necessary to break up sonic shockwaves, obstructs forward visibility. Pilots use a 4K augmented reality camera system called the eXternal Vision System (XVS) to see ahead.
Sources
Photo Credit: NASA
Technology & Innovation
Archer Aviation Launches No Roads eVTOL Tour Ahead of LA28
Archer Aviation begins its No Roads flight tour in Northern California, expanding to LA, Texas, and Florida ahead of the 2028 Olympics.

Archer Aviation Inc. announced the launch of its “No Roads” flight tour on September 3, 2026, initiating a multi-state demonstration of its Midnight electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The tour aims to introduce the public to electric air taxi operations ahead of the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic Games and fulfills the company’s role in a federal integration initiative.
In a press release issued on September 3, 2026, the manufacturer detailed plans to conduct city-to-city flights starting in Northern California, closely coordinated with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The campaign follows a highly active testing period in August 2026, during which Archer completed more than 70 test flights, including a piloted roundtrip journey between Salinas Municipal Airport (SNS) and Monterey Regional Airport (MRY).
Expanding the flight test footprint
The initial phase of the tour will focus on the San Francisco Bay Area and surrounding regions. Planned flight locations include Monterey, Hollister, San Martin, San Jose, Oakland, and San Francisco. Following the Northern California demonstrations, Archer intends to expand the tour to the Los Angeles basin, Texas, and Florida.
The flights are designed to showcase the operational capabilities of the piloted, four-passenger Midnight aircraft. Archer stated the tour will highlight the aircraft’s low noise profile, zero operating emissions, and ability to complete routes in 10 to 20 minutes that typically require an hour or more by car.
“I’ve talked a lot about the ‘Waymo Moment for air taxis,’ the chance for us to get communities more comfortable with this tech,” said Adam Goldstein, Founder and CEO of Archer. “This is the beginning of that story and our biggest step yet toward making air taxis an everyday reality in cities across America. The ‘No Roads’ Tour is how we bring that narrative to life while also preparing for what’s next: flights in multiple states under the White House’s pilot program, and the first Midnight flights in Los Angeles ahead of LA28.”
Federal integration and infrastructure development
The multi-state tour aligns with Archer’s participation in the White House’s eVTOL Integration Pilot Program (eIPP). In March 2026, the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) and the FAA selected Archer’s partners in New York, Florida, and Texas to join the initiative. The eIPP is designed to establish an operational playbook for the safe and scalable deployment of electric air taxis within the national airspace system.
Alongside the flight demonstrations, Archer plans to unveil new charging infrastructure across multiple states. This rollout is part of the America’s Consortium for Electric Skyways (ACES) program, a collaborative effort involving Archer, BETA Technologies, and Macquarie Capital.
The Los Angeles segment of the tour will serve as direct preparation for the 2028 Olympic Games. Archer is designated as the Official Air Taxi Provider for the LA28 Games, where it plans to operate a commercial network transporting attendees across the congested Southern California region.
AirPro News analysis
We view the “No Roads” tour as a critical transition phase for Archer Aviation, shifting the focus from pure technical certification to public acceptance and operational integration. While completing 70 test flights in a single month demonstrates growing maturity in the Midnight platform, flying visible, city-to-city routes in congested airspace like the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles basin presents a different set of challenges.
Coordinating these flights with the FAA will likely serve as a real-world stress test for air traffic control integration. The concurrent rollout of ACES charging infrastructure indicates that Archer and its partners recognize that aircraft certification alone is insufficient without the ground network required to sustain high-frequency commercial operations by 2028.
Sources: Archer Aviation Inc.
Photo Credit: Archer Aviation
Technology & Innovation
Horizon Aircraft Begins FIKI Ice Protection Testing for Cavorite X7
Horizon Aircraft starts wind tunnel ice protection testing for the Cavorite X7 eVTOL, backed by a $10.5M INSAT-funded project.

New Horizon Aircraft Ltd. has commenced wind tunnel testing of ice protection technologies for its Cavorite X7 hybrid-electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, marking a critical step toward achieving Flight Into Known Icing (FIKI) certification. The testing, which began in July 2026 in Toronto, Ontario, aims to validate systems that will allow the aircraft to operate reliably in harsh winter conditions.
In a press release issued on September 1, 2026, Horizon Aircraft announced the testing milestone, which is being conducted in partnership with the Flight Test Centre of Excellence (3C) and the University of Toronto (UofT). The research is supported by a $10.5 million project funded by the Initiative for Aerospace Innovation and Training (INSAT). Securing FIKI certification would enable the Cavorite X7 to service remote northern communities year-round, overcoming the weather-related grounding limitations frequently experienced by traditional helicopters.
Advancing all-weather eVTOL capabilities
The initial phase of wind tunnel testing focuses on small coupon samples featuring ice protection technologies developed by the University of Toronto. These systems are designed specifically to handle the aerodynamic and environmental challenges of hybrid-electric vertical flight in freezing conditions.
Horizon Aircraft Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer Brandon Robinson stated that the Cavorite X7 was designed from its inception to handle Canadian winters to benefit both remote communities and aircraft operators.
“3C’s Certification expertise and UofT’s technology are supporting our progress toward bringing a certified all-weather X7 to market. Communities serviced by X7 aircraft will have greater access to the critical services they need, and X7 operators will experience higher aircraft utilization and profit margins,” Robinson said.
Certification pathway and recent program milestones
Achieving FIKI certification is a complex regulatory hurdle that few advanced air mobility (AAM) developers have actively targeted in their initial design phases. To navigate the Transport Canada (TC) certification process, Horizon Aircraft is leveraging the mentorship of 3C.
Dr. John Maris, Founder of 3C, emphasized the necessity of accounting for harsh climates to unlock the true potential of global air vehicle operations. He noted that the combination of the aircraft’s design, 3C’s regulatory guidance, and the university’s technology positions Horizon Aircraft to provide a regional air mobility solution that traditional rotorcraft struggle to match.
The start of ice protection testing follows a series of supply chain and commercial milestones for the Cavorite X7 program. On July 9, 2026, Horizon Aircraft selected BETA Technologies to supply the fly-by-wire advanced flight control computers and customized software for the aircraft. Shortly after, on July 21, 2026, the manufacturer secured a Letter of Intent (LOI) with Australian operator V-Star Powered Lift Aviation for the purchase of up to 100 Cavorite X7 aircraft, an agreement valued at approximately $600 million.
AirPro News analysis
We view Horizon Aircraft’s explicit pursuit of FIKI certification as a key differentiator in the crowded eVTOL market. Most developers in the advanced air mobility sector are optimizing their initial designs for temperate, urban environments to simplify their path to type certification. By tackling icing conditions early in the development cycle, Horizon Aircraft is taking on significant technical and regulatory risk upfront. However, if successful, this strategy could secure a distinct competitive advantage in utility, medical evacuation, and regional transport markets where dispatch reliability in adverse weather is a strict operational requirement.
Photo Credit: New Horizon Aircraft
Technology & Innovation
Tata Elxsi and Sarla Aviation Partner on Shunya eVTOL
Tata Elxsi and Sarla Aviation sign MoU to co-develop Shunya, India’s first indigenous 7-seat eVTOL air taxi.

Tata Elxsi and Sarla Aviation signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on September 1, 2026, to co-develop “Shunya,” a seven-seat electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft positioned as India’s first indigenous air taxi.
Announced in a joint press release from the companies’ Bengaluru headquarters, the Partnerships pairs Sarla Aviation’s aircraft design with Tata Elxsi’s aerospace engineering and certification expertise. The collaboration aims to achieve a first flight for the Shunya aircraft within 18 to 24 months, aligning with Indian government targets for advanced air mobility operations.
Engineering and certification pathway
Building a clean-sheet passenger aircraft requires extensive systems integration and regulatory compliance. Under the MoU, Tata Elxsi will provide engineering support across Avionics, Software integration, and the certification process.
Sarla Aviation Co-Founder & CEO Adrian Schmidt highlighted the necessity of established aerospace partnerships for the Startups, which was founded in October 2023.
“Building a new class of aircraft is not simply an engineering challenge. It requires bringing together people and organisations willing to solve problems that have never been solved before in this market. Tata Elxsi’s experience in complex aerospace systems gives us access to capabilities that are critical as we take Shunya from concept to reality,” Schmidt stated.
Tata Elxsi CEO & Managing Director Manoj Raghavan noted that the shift in transportation requires both engineering innovation and ecosystem readiness, adding that the vision for Shunya reflects the ambition driving the advanced air mobility sector.
Aircraft specifications and flight testing
The Shunya aircraft is designed to carry six passengers and one pilot, with a projected flight range exceeding 300 kilometers. The platform is intended to serve urban logistics, air ambulance services, and defense applications in addition to passenger transport.
Sarla Aviation has already completed a flight test campaign for its initial technology demonstrator, designated Sylla 1.0. The 700-kilogram class eVTOL logged over 500 tests and 18 hours of flight time. The company is currently developing the Sylla 2.0 demonstrator to test controlled transitions between vertical lift and wing-borne forward flight before finalizing the full-scale Shunya design.
Jayaraj Rajapandian, Head of Aerospace at Tata Elxsi, described the project as a milestone for domestic aerospace capabilities.
“Shunya is a reminder of how quickly aerospace innovation is evolving in shaping the Technology landscape in India. As aircraft become increasingly fly-by-wire, electrified and connected, entirely new opportunities are emerging to rethink how people, goods and critical services move,” Rajapandian said.
Regulatory support and market timeline
The development of Shunya coincides with increased governmental support for Electric-Aviation in India. In August 2026, Union Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu visited Sarla Aviation’s headquarters. During the visit, Naidu highlighted that the company had received Design Organisation Approval from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).
The minister also reiterated the government’s objective to see electric air taxis operating within India by 2028. This regulatory backing provides a framework for Sarla Aviation and Tata Elxsi as they work toward their 18 to 24-month target for Shunya’s inaugural flight.
AirPro News analysis
We view the partnership between a rapid-prototyping startup and an established engineering firm as a necessary step for India’s indigenous eVTOL ambitions. While Sarla Aviation has demonstrated hardware progress with the Sylla 1.0 test campaign, transitioning from a 700-kilogram demonstrator to a certified seven-seat passenger aircraft introduces exponential regulatory complexity. Tata Elxsi’s experience with aerospace software and DGCA certification processes will be critical in bridging the gap between experimental flight testing and commercial type certification. The 18 to 24-month timeline to first flight is aggressive but aligns with the Indian government’s push to establish a domestic advanced air mobility ecosystem by 2028, reducing reliance on foreign aircraft manufacturers.
Sources: Tata Elxsi via PR Newswire
Photo Credit: Sarla Aviation
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