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Kratos and KAI Partner to Advance Manned-Unmanned Teaming in Air Combat

Kratos and Korea Aerospace Industries form alliance to develop Manned-Unmanned Teaming systems enhancing air combat with interoperable drones and fighter jets.

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Forging the Future of Air Combat: Kratos and KAI Unite for Manned-Unmanned Teaming

The landscape of aerial warfare is undergoing a seismic shift, moving away from a reliance on single, high-value piloted aircraft toward a more distributed, resilient, and lethal model. At the heart of this transformation is Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T), a concept where crewed fighter jets operate in concert with autonomous, uncrewed aerial systems (UAS), often called “loyal wingmen.” This approach multiplies a pilot’s capabilities, extending sensor range, increasing firepower, and allowing commanders to take calculated risks in contested environments without endangering human lives. The integration of these Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) is no longer a futuristic fantasy; it is a strategic imperative for modern air forces seeking to maintain a technological edge.

In a significant move that underscores this global trend, U.S.-based Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc. and South Korea’s premier aerospace Manufacturers, Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI), announced a strategic partnership on October 27, 2025. This collaboration is not merely a transactional agreement but a deep technological alliance aimed at jointly researching, developing, and integrating next-generation MUM-T solutions. By combining Kratos’s combat-proven, affordable autonomous platforms with KAI’s advanced fighter jet programs, the partnership seeks to accelerate the deployment of interoperable systems that can serve the defense needs of both the United States and its key allies. This alliance represents a pivotal moment in the evolution of air power, promising to enhance operational flexibility and create a more formidable, collaborative fighting force.

A Partnership Built on Complementary Strengths

The Kratos-KAI partnership is a textbook example of strategic synergy. Each party brings a unique and essential set of capabilities to the table, creating a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. Kratos has established itself as a disruptive force in the defense industry, specializing in the rapid development of high-performance, low-cost unmanned tactical aircraft. Their portfolio includes the XQ-58A Valkyrie, a stealth-capable Drones that has been a cornerstone of the U.S. Air Force’s CCA experimentation programs. The Valkyrie is designed from the ground up to embody the concept of “affordable mass”, the ability to field a large number of effective, attritable assets to overwhelm an adversary.

On the other side of the Pacific, Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) stands as South Korea’s sole aircraft manufacturer, responsible for flagship programs like the T-50 Golden Eagle advanced trainer, the FA-50 light combat aircraft, and the nation’s ambitious next-generation fighter, the KF-21 Boramae. KAI provides not only advanced aerospace manufacturing prowess but also the critical platform that will team with these new autonomous systems. The collaboration allows KAI to de-risk its entry into the complex world of MUM-T by integrating a mature and tested system, potentially leapfrogging years of independent development.

The core objective of this alliance is to create scalable and interoperable MUM-T applications. This includes developing autonomous loyal wingmen that can fly alongside fighters like the KF-21, creating distributed sensing networks where drones act as the forward eyes and ears of the pilot, and enabling collaborative strike missions where uncrewed platforms engage high-risk targets. The focus on interoperability is crucial, ensuring that the resulting systems can communicate and operate seamlessly not just with each other, but with the broader allied force structure.

Bolstering a Critical Alliance in the Indo-Pacific

This partnership extends far beyond corporate interests, carrying significant geopolitical weight. It reflects a deliberate U.S. strategy to strengthen its alliances through co-development and co-production of critical defense technologies. By working together, the U.S. and South Korea are not just sharing hardware but are also aligning their operational concepts and industrial bases. This deepens the U.S.-South Korea alliance, transforming it from a traditional security pact into a robust technological and industrial partnership. The establishment of a vice minister-level Defense Science and Technology Executive Committee in late 2024 laid the groundwork for such collaborations, and the Kratos-KAI agreement is a tangible result of that high-level commitment.

For South Korea, this collaboration is a critical enabler of its national defense strategy. The nation faces a unique and pressing challenge: a projected sharp decline in its military-age population, which threatens its ability to maintain a large conscript-based force. In response, the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) has prioritized the rapid integration of AI and autonomy to offset these demographic pressures. Autonomous systems are seen as a necessity to maintain force readiness and technological superiority. While South Korea has indigenous loyal wingman programs in development, such as Korean Air’s Low Observable Wingman UAV System (LOWUS), partnering with an experienced firm like Kratos provides an immediate injection of proven technology and expertise.

“This partnership represents the next step in evolving how crewed and uncrewed aircraft operate together in contested environments. By combining Kratos’ proven autonomous jet systems with KAI’s advanced technologies, we are expanding the boundaries of affordable mass and collaborative combat capability for U.S. and allied forces.” – Steve Fendley, President of Kratos’ Unmanned Systems Division.

The ultimate goal is to create a more resilient and effective collective defense posture in the Indo-Pacific. Interoperable MUM-T systems mean that U.S. and South Korean forces can train together more effectively and, if necessary, fight together with a shared understanding of tactics and technology. This enhances deterrence by signaling to potential adversaries a unified and technologically advanced front.

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The Future of Collaborative Combat

The Kratos-KAI partnership is a clear indicator of where air warfare is headed. The era of the lone fighter pilot is giving way to a new paradigm where pilots act as mission commanders, orchestrating a team of autonomous systems from the cockpit. This shift promises to make air forces more lethal, survivable, and adaptable to the complex threats of the 21st century. The collaboration will likely accelerate the maturation of MUM-T technologies, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in autonomous flight, distributed sensing, and AI-driven decision-making.

Looking ahead, the success of this partnership could serve as a model for other allied nations seeking to develop similar capabilities. The emphasis on co-development and interoperability ensures that as more allies adopt MUM-T, they can form a networked force capable of operating in a truly integrated fashion. The journey ahead will involve overcoming significant technical and doctrinal challenges, but the strategic alignment between Kratos and KAI provides a strong foundation for success, promising to shape the future of air power for years to come.

FAQ

Question: What is Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T)?
Answer: Manned-Unmanned Teaming is a military concept where crewed aircraft, such as fighter jets, operate in synchronization with uncrewed autonomous systems, often called “loyal wingmen” or Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA). The UAV act as force multipliers, extending the pilot’s sensor range, carrying extra weapons, and performing high-risk tasks.

Question: Who are the main companies in this partnership?
Answer: The Partnerships is between Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc., a U.S. company known for its affordable, high-performance drones like the XQ-58A Valkyrie, and Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI), South Korea’s leading aerospace manufacturer, which produces aircraft like the KF-21 Boramae fighter jet.

Question: Why is this partnership strategically important?
Answer: It strengthens the U.S.-South Korea defense alliance by moving beyond traditional cooperation into co-development of advanced technology. It also helps South Korea accelerate its adoption of autonomous systems to address demographic challenges and enhances the interoperability and collective defense posture of allied forces in the Indo-Pacific region.

Sources: Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc.

Photo Credit: Montage – KAI – Kratos

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Firehawk Aerospace Expands Rocket Motor Production in Mississippi Facility

Firehawk Aerospace acquires a DCMA-rated facility in Mississippi to boost production of solid rocket motors using 3D-printing technology.

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This article is based on an official press release from Firehawk Aerospace.

Firehawk Aerospace Acquires Mississippi Facility to Scale Rocket Motor Production

On December 19, 2025, Firehawk Aerospace announced a significant expansion of its manufacturing capabilities with the acquisition of a specialized defense facility in Crawford, Mississippi. The Dallas-based defense technology company has secured a 20-year lease on the 636-acre site, which was formerly operated by Nammo Talley.

This acquisition marks a strategic pivot for Firehawk as it moves to address critical shortages in the U.S. defense supply chain. By taking over a facility that is already rated by the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA), the company aims to bypass the lengthy construction and certification timelines typically associated with greenfield defense projects. The site will serve as a hub for the full-system integration of solid rocket motors (SRMs), complementing the company’s existing R&D operations in Texas and energetics production in Oklahoma.

Strategic Asset Details

The Crawford facility is located in Lowndes County within Mississippi’s “Golden Triangle” region. According to the company’s announcement, the site is a “turnkey” defense asset designed specifically for handling high-grade explosives and munitions. The infrastructure includes assembly bays protected by one-foot-thick concrete walls and safety “blowout” walls designed to contain accidental detonations.

Because the facility was previously used by Nammo Defense Systems for the high-volume assembly of shoulder-launched munitions, such as the M72 LAW and SMAW systems, it retains the necessary regulatory certifications to allow for rapid operational ramp-up. Firehawk Aerospace CEO Will Edwards emphasized the urgency of this expansion in a statement regarding the deal.

“This acquisition strengthens Firehawk’s ability to address one of the nation’s most urgent defense challenges: rebuilding munition inventories that have been drawn down faster than they can be replaced.”

, Will Edwards, Co-founder and CEO of Firehawk Aerospace

Addressing the “Rocket Motor Crisis”

The acquisition comes at a time when the Western defense industrial base is grappling with a severe shortage of solid rocket motors, which power critical systems like the Javelin, Stinger, and GMLRS missiles. Traditional manufacturing methods, which involve casting propellant in large batches that take weeks to cure, have created production bottlenecks.

Firehawk Aerospace intends to disrupt this model by utilizing proprietary 3D-printing technology to manufacture propellant grains. According to the press release, this additive manufacturing approach reduces production times from weeks to hours. The company has explicitly stated that the new Mississippi facility is being designed to achieve a production tempo of “thousands of rockets per month,” a significant increase over legacy industry standards.

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“While the current industrial base is built to produce thousands of rockets per year, we are building this site… to operate at a much higher production tempo… designing for throughput measured in thousands per month, not years.”

, Will Edwards, CEO

Regional Economic Impact

The expansion is expected to bring skilled jobs to the Golden Triangle region, which is increasingly becoming a hub for aerospace and defense activity. Mississippi Governor Tate Reeves welcomed the investments, noting the dual benefits of economic growth and national security support.

“Their acquisition in Crawford will bring skilled jobs to the region while directly contributing to the production capacity our nation needs.”

, Tate Reeves, Governor of Mississippi

AirPro News Analysis

From R&D to Mass Production: This acquisition signals Firehawk’s transition from a development-focused startup to a volume manufacturer. By securing a pre-rated facility, Firehawk has effectively shaved 2–3 years off its timeline, the period typically required to build and certify a new explosives handling site. This speed is critical given the current geopolitical demand for tactical munitions.

Supply Chain Decentralization: The move also highlights a strategy of decentralization. By distributing operations across Texas (R&D), Oklahoma (Energetics), and now Mississippi (Integration), Firehawk is building a supply chain that may prove more resilient than centralized legacy models. This geographic diversity also allows the company to tap into distinct labor markets and state-level incentives, such as Mississippi’s aerospace initiatives.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of the DCMA rating?
A DCMA (Defense Contract Management Agency) rating verifies that a facility meets strict Department of Defense quality and safety standards. Acquiring a pre-rated facility allows Firehawk to begin production much faster than if they had to build and certify a new site from scratch.

How does Firehawk’s technology differ from traditional methods?
Traditional solid rocket motors are cast in large batches, a process that requires weeks for the propellant to cure. Firehawk uses 3D-printing technology to print propellant grains, which allows for custom geometries and reduces the manufacturing time to mere hours.

What was the facility used for previously?
The facility was formerly operated by Nammo Talley (now Nammo Defense Systems) for the assembly of shoulder-launched munitions, including the M72 LAW and SMAW systems.

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Photo Credit: Firehawk Aerospace

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20 Years of the F-22 Raptor Operational Capability and Upgrades

Lockheed Martin celebrates 20 years of the F-22 Raptor’s operational service, highlighting its stealth, combat roles, readiness challenges, and modernization.

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Two Decades of the Raptor: Celebrating the F-22’s Operational Milestone

Lockheed Martin has launched a campaign commemorating the 20th anniversary of the F-22 Raptor achieving Initial Operational Capability (IOC). In December 2005, the 27th Fighter Squadron at Langley Air Force Base in Virginia became the first unit to field the fifth-generation fighter, marking a significant shift in global air superiority.

According to the manufacturer’s announcement, the aircraft continues to define the benchmark for modern air combat. In a statement regarding the milestone, Lockheed Martin emphasized the platform’s enduring relevance:

“The F-22 Raptor sets the global standard for capability, readiness, and mission success.”

While the airframe was designed in the 1990s and first flew in 1997, the F-22 remains a central pillar of U.S. air power. The fleet, which consists of approximately 185 remaining aircraft out of the 195 originally built, has evolved from a pure air superiority fighter into a multi-role platform capable of ground strikes and strategic deterrence.

Operational History and Combat Record

Since its operational debut, the F-22 has maintained a reputation for dominance, primarily established through high-end military aircraft exercises rather than direct air-to-air combat against manned aircraft.

Exercise Performance vs. Combat Reality

Data from the U.S. Air Force and independent observers highlights the discrepancy between the Raptor’s exercise performance and its real-world combat engagements. During the 2006 Northern Edge exercise, its first major test after becoming operational, the F-22 reportedly achieved a 108-to-0 kill ratio against simulated adversaries flying F-15s, F-16s, and F/A-18s.

Despite this lethality in training, the aircraft’s combat record is distinct. The F-22 made its combat debut in September 2014 during Operation Inherent Resolve, conducting ground strikes against ISIS targets in Syria. To date, the aircraft has zero confirmed kills against manned enemy aircraft. Its sole air-to-air victory occurred in February 2023, when an F-22 utilized an AIM-9X Sidewinder missile to down a high-altitude Chinese surveillance balloon off the coast of South Carolina.

Stealth Capabilities

The primary driver of the F-22’s longevity is its low observable technology. Defense analysts estimate the Raptor’s Radar Cross Section (RCS) to be approximately 0.0001 square meters, roughly the size of a steel marble. This makes it significantly stealthier than the F-35 Lightning II and orders of magnitude harder to detect than foreign competitors like the Russian Su-57 or the Chinese J-20.

AirPro News Analysis: The Readiness Paradox

While Lockheed Martin’s anniversary campaign highlights “readiness” as a key pillar of the F-22’s legacy, recent Air Force data suggests a more complex reality regarding the fleet’s health.

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We note that maintaining the world’s premier stealth fighter comes at a steep logistical cost. According to data published by Air & Space Forces Magazine regarding Fiscal Year 2024, the F-22’s mission capable (MC) rate dropped to approximately 40%. This figure represents a decline from roughly 52% in the previous fiscal year and indicates that, at any given time, fewer than half of the Raptors in the inventory are flyable and combat-ready.

This low readiness rate is largely attributed to the fragility of the aircraft’s stealth coatings and the aging avionics of the older airframes. The Air Force has previously attempted to retire 32 older “Block 20” F-22s used for training to divert funds toward newer programs, though Congress has blocked these efforts to preserve fleet numbers. The contrast between the jet’s theoretical dominance and its logistical availability remains a critical challenge for planners.

Modernization and Future Outlook

Contrary to earlier projections that might have seen the F-22 retired in the 2030s, the Air Force is investing heavily to keep the platform viable until the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter comes online.

The ARES Contract and Upgrades

In 2021, the Air Force awarded Lockheed Martin a $10.9 billion contract for the Advanced Raptor Enhancement and Sustainment (ARES) program. This decade-long modernization effort aims to update the fleet’s hardware and software.

According to budget documents for Fiscal Year 2026, the “Viability” upgrade package includes several key enhancements:

  • New Stealth Tanks: The development of low-drag external fuel tanks and pods designed to extend the aircraft’s range without compromising its radar signature.
  • Infrared Search and Track (IRST): The integration of new sensors capable of detecting heat signatures, a critical capability for engaging enemy stealth fighters that may not appear on radar.
  • Manned-Unmanned Teaming: Software upgrades intended to allow F-22 pilots to control “Collaborative Combat Aircraft”, autonomous drone wingmen, in future operational environments.

These investments suggest that while the F-22 is celebrating its past 20 years, the Air Force intends to rely on its capabilities well into the next decade.

Sources

Sources: Lockheed Martin, U.S. Air Force

Photo Credit: Lockheed Martin

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U.S. Navy Zero-G Helmet System Completes Critical Design Review

Collins Elbit Vision Systems completes design review for the Zero-G Helmet Display, reducing pilot weight load and enhancing safety for Navy aircraft.

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This article is based on an official press release from Collins Elbit Vision Systems (RTX).

Critical Design Review Completed for Navy’s Next-Gen Helmet

Collins Elbit Vision Systems (CEVS), a joint venture between RTX’s Collins Aerospace and Elbit Systems of America, has officially announced the completion of the Critical Design Review (CDR) for the Zero-G Helmet Mounted Display System+ (HMDS+). This milestone, finalized on December 12, 2025, marks a pivotal step in the U.S. Navy’s Improved Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing System (IJHMCS) program.

The successful CDR effectively freezes the system’s design, confirming that the helmet meets the Navy’s rigorous requirements for safety, performance, and platform integration. With the design locked, the program now transitions into the airworthiness testing and integration phase, bringing the system closer to deployment aboard the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA-18G Growler fleets.

According to the press release, the Zero-G HMDS+ is engineered to address long-standing physiological challenges faced by naval aviators while introducing “6th-generation” digital capabilities to existing 4.5-generation aircraft.

Technical Leap: The Zero-G HMDS+

The Zero-G HMDS+ represents a significant departure from legacy analog systems. While previous iterations required pilots to physically attach heavy Night Vision Goggles (NVGs) for low-light operations, the new system integrates digital night vision directly into the visor. This integration streamlines cockpit operations and reduces the physical burden on the aircrew.

Weight Reduction and Pilot Safety

A primary driver for the Zero-G’s development is the reduction of head-borne weight. High-G maneuvers in fighter aircraft place immense strain on a pilot’s neck and spine, a hazard exacerbated by heavy, unbalanced legacy helmets. CEVS reports that the Zero-G system is more than 25 percent lighter than current market alternatives. Its name is derived from its optimized center of gravity, designed to minimize fatigue and long-term injury risks.

Capt. Joseph Kamara, the U.S. Navy Program Manager for Naval Aircrew Systems (PMA-202), emphasized the safety implications of the new design in a statement:

“Aircrew health and safety is our number one priority. The Zero-G being integrated through our IJHMCS program promises to relieve aircrew of neck and back strain and greatly improve ejection safety.”

Advanced Display Capabilities

Beyond ergonomics, the helmet utilizes a binocular waveguide display system. Unlike monocular reticles used in older models, this technology projects high-definition color symbology and video into both eyes, creating a fully immersive 3D view of the battlespace. The system is capable of “sensor fusion at the edge,” processing mission data and weapon information directly on the helmet to act as a primary flight instrument.

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Luke Savoie, President and CEO of Elbit Systems of America, highlighted the strategic necessity of this upgrade:

“Zero-G is providing sensor fusion at the edge… As fighter aircraft level-up, the HMDs of those systems need to as well.”

Program Timeline and Deployment

The Zero-G HMDS+ program has moved rapidly since CEVS was awarded a $16 million contract by the U.S. Navy in September 2023 for development and test support. Following the successful CDR in December 2025, the program is scheduled to undergo flight testing and Avionics integration throughout 2026 and 2027.

The U.S. Navy projects Initial Operational Capability (IOC) for the system in 2027. Once fielded, it is expected to equip aviators across the entire fleet of U.S. Navy and Royal Australian Air Force Super Hornets and Growlers, totaling more than 750 aircraft.

AirPro News Analysis

The completion of the CDR signals a critical maturity point for the Navy’s effort to modernize the human-machine interface in its tactical fleet. While much industry attention is focused on future platforms like NGAD (Next Generation Air Dominance), the Zero-G program illustrates the military’s commitment to maintaining the lethality and survivability of its existing backbone fleet.

By adapting technology originally matured for the F-35 Gen III helmet, CEVS is effectively retrofitting advanced situational awareness tools onto older airframes. This approach not only extends the combat relevance of the Super Hornet but also addresses the acute retention issue of pilot physical health. The shift to digital night vision and balanced weight distribution suggests that the Navy views pilot longevity as a critical component of fleet readiness.

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Photo Credit: RTX

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