Denver International Airport’s Nuclear Energy Initiative: Exploring Small Modular Reactors for Future Growth

Denver International Airport (DIA) stands at the forefront of a transformative moment in aviation infrastructure and energy strategy. With projections of serving over 120 million passengers by 2045, DIA faces unprecedented energy demands that far exceed its current capabilities. In response, the airport has launched a $1 million feasibility study to evaluate the potential of small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) as a cornerstone of its future energy supply. This initiative not only reflects DIA’s ambition to meet its own operational needs but also positions it as a possible model for other major transportation hubs grappling with similar challenges.

The significance of this exploration extends beyond the boundaries of the airport. As Colorado recently classified nuclear energy as “clean energy” under state law, DIA’s move is emblematic of broader shifts in policy, technology, and industry trends. The study’s outcome could influence how airports, data centers, and other large-scale facilities across the United States address their growing electricity requirements while aligning with sustainability targets. The intersection of aviation growth, nuclear innovation, and regulatory change makes DIA’s nuclear initiative a compelling case study in the evolving landscape of American energy infrastructure.

Understanding the implications of DIA’s nuclear exploration requires a detailed look at the airport’s growth trajectory, the technical and economic dimensions of SMR technology, and the regulatory and community context shaping this bold proposal. This article breaks down the facts and considerations surrounding the initiative, offering a comprehensive analysis grounded in publicly available data and expert perspectives.

Current Energy Infrastructure and Projected Needs

DIA currently consumes approximately 45 megawatts of electricity, supplied primarily by Xcel Energy. This power supports a sprawling 53-square-mile facility, making it not only the third-busiest airport in the United States but also a critical economic engine for the region. In 2023, DIA accommodated nearly 78 million passengers, a figure expected to climb dramatically as the airport expands to meet future demand.

Airport officials estimate that by 2050, DIA may require up to 400 megawatts of electricity, nearly nine times its current consumption. This escalation is driven by several factors: the addition of four new concourses and 100 gates, ongoing electrification of ground transportation, and the push for more sustainable operations. The airport’s Vision 100 initiative, aiming for 100 million passengers by 2027, underscores the urgency of securing reliable, scalable power sources.

While DIA has invested in renewables, such as a 100-acre solar farm capable of producing up to 50 megawatts, these measures fall short of meeting even present-day needs. The anticipated growth in electric vehicle charging, baggage handling automation, and potential future electric aircraft operations further compounds the challenge. According to studies by Xcel Energy and Enterprise Mobility, airports like DIA could see their electricity needs multiply by five by 2050, highlighting the scale of the task ahead.

“The airport could require up to 400 megawatts of electricity by 2050, representing an almost nine-fold increase from current consumption levels.”

Small Modular Reactors: Technology and Proposal Details

Small modular reactors represent a new generation of nuclear technology designed for flexibility, safety, and scalability. Unlike traditional nuclear plants, SMRs are built in factories, transported to sites, and assembled in modules capable of generating up to 300 megawatts each. Their compact design, often requiring just 10 to 100 acres, makes them suitable for integration into large facilities like DIA.

Many SMR designs utilize advanced cooling systems, such as molten salt or liquid metal, which significantly reduce water consumption compared to conventional reactors. This addresses one of the main concerns raised by local officials regarding water use in Colorado’s semi-arid climate. As Professor Thomas Albrecht of the Colorado School of Mines explains, “Most of the small modular reactors aren’t cooled by water. They’re either cooled by molten salts, which have very, very high boiling points, or they’re cooled by liquid metals.”

DIA’s feasibility study, expected to take six to twelve months, will evaluate the technical, regulatory, and economic aspects of installing SMRs on airport property. This includes assessing different reactor designs, understanding site-specific needs, and analyzing regulatory pathways. CEO Phil Washington has emphasized a cautious, open-minded approach, acknowledging the complexity and significant investment required for such a project.

“We know that anything we would do would require significant investment and that [small modular reactors] are complex. So, we are keeping an open mind, learning more and continuing to responsibly plan for the airport’s future.”, Phil Washington, DIA CEO

Potential Benefits and Strategic Vision

Implementing SMRs could allow DIA to achieve energy independence, insulating it from grid disruptions and volatile energy prices. Washington has suggested that reliable, carbon-free nuclear power could also attract energy-intensive industries, such as data centers, to the airport vicinity. This aligns with a broader vision of turning Denver into a hub for nuclear energy innovation and economic development.

Major technology companies like Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft have already begun investing in nuclear power to support their data center operations. DIA’s location and infrastructure could make it an attractive site for such partnerships, leveraging SMR-generated electricity to drive regional economic growth.

The modular nature of SMRs provides flexibility for incremental capacity additions, allowing the airport to scale its power generation in line with actual demand. This contrasts with the high upfront costs and long construction timelines typical of traditional nuclear projects.

Regulatory and Political Context in Colorado

Colorado’s regulatory environment has shifted in favor of nuclear energy with the passage of HB25-1040, which reclassifies nuclear as a “clean energy resource.” Signed into law in April 2025, this change allows nuclear projects to qualify for local grants and count toward state renewable energy mandates. State Senator Larry Liston, a sponsor of the bill, noted that the legislation signals Colorado’s openness to new nuclear technologies.

At the federal level, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is working to streamline the licensing process for advanced reactors, including SMRs. However, permitting remains complex, involving local zoning, environmental reviews, and aviation-specific safety assessments by the FAA and TSA. The experience of Fort St. Vrain, Colorado’s only former commercial nuclear plant, underscores the need for careful planning and stakeholder engagement.

Political support for DIA’s initiative is evident at the city and state levels, with Mayor Mike Johnston and Governor Jared Polis endorsing the exploration of nuclear options. However, concerns persist among local officials and environmental groups regarding water usage, waste management, and community engagement. Denver City Councilmember Stacie Gilmore has called for greater transparency and consultation with affected communities.

“Nuclear energy creates nuclear waste. It simply cannot be regarded as clean when it is creating waste that lasts countless generations.”, Chris Allred, Rocky Mountain Peace and Justice Center

Community and Environmental Concerns

Community engagement has emerged as a focal point in the debate over DIA’s nuclear plans. Critics argue that major infrastructure decisions should involve robust public consultation, particularly when they carry long-term environmental and safety implications. Water usage, in particular, remains a sensitive issue given Colorado’s climate and resource constraints.

Environmental organizations, including the Rocky Mountain Peace and Justice Center, have voiced opposition to nuclear’s “clean” classification, citing unresolved challenges around radioactive waste. The feasibility study will need to address these concerns by evaluating waste management strategies and ensuring compliance with both state and federal regulations.

Despite these challenges, public acceptance of new nuclear technologies is reportedly advancing faster than consent for waste disposal sites. This highlights a gap that DIA and policymakers will need to bridge through transparent communication and evidence-based planning.

Economic and Industry Considerations

The economic case for SMRs at DIA hinges on both the costs of deployment and the potential for long-term savings and revenue generation. Current capital expenditure estimates for SMRs range from $2.9 million to $10.1 million per megawatt, with operating costs between $118,000 and $216,000 per megawatt-year. For DIA, meeting its projected 400-megawatt need could require an investment of $1.2 to $4 billion.

Industry analysis suggests that SMRs become economically competitive when capital costs fall below $3 million per megawatt. While these figures are based on grid-scale deployments, the unique needs and revenue opportunities at DIA, such as leasing power to data centers, could shift the financial calculus. Federal incentives and streamlined regulatory pathways may further improve project viability.

The broader nuclear industry is experiencing renewed momentum, with global nuclear power generation expected to reach record highs and the U.S. government setting ambitious targets to quadruple nuclear capacity by 2050. Technology companies’ investments in nuclear power for data centers underscore the growing market demand for reliable, carbon-free electricity, which could benefit projects like DIA’s.

“The global nuclear power market is estimated at $36.72 billion in 2025 and projected to reach $48.68 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 4.1%.”

Conclusion

Denver International Airport’s exploration of small modular nuclear reactors is a bold response to the dual imperatives of supporting rapid growth and achieving sustainability. The feasibility study will provide critical insights into the technical, economic, and regulatory viability of SMRs at one of America’s busiest airports. While the promise of energy independence, economic development, and carbon reduction is substantial, significant challenges remain, particularly around cost, community acceptance, and long-term waste management.

The outcome of DIA’s initiative could set a precedent for airports and large facilities nationwide, influencing how major infrastructure projects balance growth with environmental responsibility. As the feasibility study unfolds, its findings will contribute valuable knowledge to the ongoing evolution of America’s energy landscape, informing decisions that extend far beyond Denver’s city limits.

FAQ

What is a small modular reactor (SMR)?
An SMR is a type of nuclear reactor that is smaller in size and output compared to traditional reactors. They are designed for factory production, modular assembly, and enhanced safety, making them suitable for sites like airports.

Why is DIA considering nuclear energy?
DIA’s projected energy needs could reach 400 megawatts by 2050, far exceeding current capacity. Nuclear energy, particularly SMRs, offers a potential solution for reliable, carbon-free, and scalable power.

What are the main concerns about nuclear power at DIA?
Key concerns include water usage, radioactive waste management, regulatory complexity, and the need for community engagement and transparency.

How long will the feasibility study take?
The study is expected to last six to twelve months, examining technical, regulatory, and economic aspects of SMR deployment at DIA.

What happens after the feasibility study?
If the study finds SMRs viable, DIA could move forward with detailed planning, permitting, and potentially construction, though this would require further investment and regulatory approvals.

Sources: Denver Post, Colorado Public Radio, Denver Business Journal, Utility Dive, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Axios Denver, Colorado Public Radio (HB25-1040), World Nuclear Association