Space & Satellites
Boeing X37B Spaceplane Prepares for Eighth Mission with Advanced Tech
The Boeing X-37B spaceplane’s eighth mission will test laser communications and quantum navigation to advance U.S. military space capabilities.
The Boeing-built X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV) is no ordinary spacecraft. As a reusable, autonomous spaceplane developed for the U.S. Department of Defense, it represents a significant leap in space technology and strategic capabilities. Designed to test advanced technologies in orbit and return them safely to Earth, the X-37B has quietly become one of the most enduring and versatile platforms in the U.S. space arsenal.
With its eighth mission (OTV-8) scheduled for launch on August 21, 2025, the X-37B is poised to demonstrate critical advancements in laser communications and quantum navigation. These technologies not only reflect the evolving demands of military space operations but also signal a shift toward more secure, resilient, and autonomous space systems. As global interest in space intensifies, the X-37B’s role becomes increasingly pivotal in shaping the future of orbital operations.
The origins of the X-37B trace back to 1999, when NASA initiated the program to explore reusable spaceplane technologies. By 2004, the project had transitioned to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and shortly thereafter, to the U.S. Air Force. Boeing assumed the role of prime contractor, building on the groundwork laid by earlier prototypes like the X-40A.
The X-37B was initially designed for missions lasting up to 270 days. However, successive missions have far exceeded this benchmark. The sixth mission (OTV-6), for example, remained in orbit for a record-breaking 908 days. Across its seven completed missions, the X-37B has accumulated over 4,200 days in space, showcasing its durability and operational flexibility.
The platform’s modular payload bay allows it to support a wide range of experiments, from deploying small satellites to testing radiation effects on various materials. While many of its missions remain classified, the overarching objectives focus on risk reduction, technology demonstration, and operational concept development for future reusable space systems.
Each X-37B mission builds upon the last, incorporating new technologies and expanding mission scope. Notable achievements include the deployment of FalconSAT-8 during OTV-6 and the testing of oscillating heat pipes for thermal management in OTV-5. These experiments have practical applications in both military and commercial space operations.
The spacecraft’s autonomous re-entry and runway landing capabilities further distinguish it from traditional satellites. This feature allows for rapid turnaround and reuse, reducing costs and increasing mission cadence. The introduction of a service module during OTV-6 significantly expanded payload capacity, a feature that will also be utilized in OTV-8.
Funding for the program has also increased in recent years. In 2025, the U.S. government allocated $1 billion to the X-37B program through a defense spending initiative often referred to as Trump’s “One Big Beautiful Bill.” This investment underscores the strategic importance of the platform and its potential role in future space operations. “With each successive flight, the X-37B has demonstrated adaptability and flexibility by hosting diverse experiments and pioneering new orbital maneuvers.”, Boeing Statement
The upcoming OTV-8 mission is set to showcase two groundbreaking technologies: laser communications and a quantum inertial sensor. These systems are designed to enhance secure data transmission and enable precise navigation in environments where GPS signals are unavailable or unreliable.
Laser communications offer several advantages over traditional radio-frequency systems, including higher bandwidth, reduced latency, and improved resistance to jamming. The X-37B will test these capabilities by establishing infrared laser links between satellites, a critical step toward building resilient space communication networks.
The quantum inertial sensor, described as “strategic-grade,” is intended to support navigation in deep space and cis-lunar environments. This technology leverages quantum mechanics to measure acceleration and rotation with extreme precision, providing an alternative to satellite-based navigation systems.
“Quantum inertial sensing allows for robust navigation in GPS-denied environments, ensuring maneuverability in contested domains.”, Col. Ramsey Hom, Space Delta 9 Commander
OTV-8 will also utilize an enhanced service module that increases the spacecraft’s payload capacity. This module allows for a broader range of experiments, including partnerships with the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Defense Innovation Unit. These collaborations aim to accelerate the development and deployment of advanced space technologies.
The service module was first introduced in OTV-6 and has since become a standard feature for expanding mission capabilities. Its modular design enables rapid integration of new technologies, fostering a more agile and responsive approach to space experimentation.
By supporting a diverse array of payloads, the X-37B continues to serve as a testbed for technologies that may eventually transition to operational systems. This iterative development model aligns with the broader goals of the U.S. Space Force and other defense agencies seeking to maintain technological superiority in space.
The OTV-8 mission is scheduled to launch on August 21, 2025, from Florida’s Space Coast. While the specific launch vehicle has not been officially confirmed, previous missions have utilized SpaceX’s Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy rockets. The use of commercial launch providers highlights the growing collaboration between public and private sectors in space exploration.
OTV-7, the most recent completed mission, operated from December 2023 to March 2025. It focused on space domain awareness and tested operations in highly elliptical orbits. These missions provide valuable data for understanding space environments and refining operational strategies. Each mission contributes to a cumulative knowledge base that informs the design and deployment of future space systems. As the X-37B program evolves, it continues to push the boundaries of what is possible in reusable spaceflight and autonomous operations.
The X-37B has set a new standard for reusable spacecraft, influencing both military and civilian programs. Its ability to autonomously land on a runway after extended missions demonstrates a level of reliability and cost-efficiency that is increasingly sought after in space operations.
Programs like NASA’s Artemis and commercial ventures such as SpaceX’s Starship have drawn inspiration from the X-37B’s success. The emphasis on reusability and rapid turnaround aligns with broader trends in space exploration and commercialization.
As space becomes more accessible, the demand for platforms capable of supporting frequent, low-cost missions will continue to grow. The X-37B serves as a model for how such capabilities can be achieved and sustained over time.
While the X-37B is not classified as a weapon, its capabilities have raised questions among international observers. Countries like Russia and China have expressed concerns about the spacecraft’s potential for intelligence gathering or satellite inspection.
Despite these concerns, there is no public evidence to suggest that the X-37B has been used for offensive operations. Its primary focus remains on technology demonstration and operational testing, consistent with U.S. policy on space conduct.
Nevertheless, the program’s emphasis on navigation and communication technologies reflects a strategic shift toward preparing for contested space environments. These developments are part of a broader effort to ensure the resilience and effectiveness of U.S. space assets in the face of emerging threats.
The X-37B program has also had a positive impact on the aerospace industry. Boeing’s role as the prime contractor has supported high-tech manufacturing and research jobs, while partnerships with academic institutions and federal labs have fostered innovation across multiple sectors. The use of commercial launch providers like SpaceX underscores the growing synergy between government agencies and private companies. This collaboration accelerates technology development and reduces costs, benefiting both national security and commercial interests.
As the space economy continues to expand, programs like the X-37B serve as catalysts for technological advancement and economic growth. Their success reinforces the value of sustained investment in space infrastructure and research.
The X-37B spaceplane stands as a testament to the power of innovation, adaptability, and strategic foresight. With over 4,200 days in orbit and a track record of successful missions, it has proven its value as a platform for testing and validating next-generation space technologies.
As it prepares for its eighth mission, the X-37B is set to demonstrate capabilities that could reshape the future of space operations. From secure laser communications to quantum navigation, the technologies onboard OTV-8 reflect the evolving demands of a dynamic and contested space environment. The program’s continued success will play a crucial role in defining the next era of space exploration and defense.
Q: What is the purpose of the X-37B? Q: How long can the X-37B stay in orbit? Q: What new technologies will be tested in the OTV-8 mission?
Introduction: The Strategic Rise of the X-37B Spaceplane
Background: The Evolution of the X-37B Program
Technological Capabilities and Mission Highlights
Recent Developments: OTV-8 and Cutting-Edge Technologies
Laser Communications and Quantum Navigation
Service Module and Expanded Experimentation
Mission Timeline and Launch Details
Strategic and Global Implications
Influence on Reusable Spacecraft Design
Military Applications and Geopolitical Context
Economic Impact and Industry Collaboration
Conclusion
FAQ
A: The X-37B is designed to test reusable spacecraft technologies, conduct long-duration orbital experiments, and support military and scientific research.
A: Its longest mission to date lasted 908 days, and the spacecraft has accumulated over 4,200 days in orbit across seven missions.
A: OTV-8 will test laser communications and a quantum inertial sensor for navigation in GPS-denied environments.
Sources
Photo Credit: Boeing
Space & Satellites
Sodern Opens First US Facility in Colorado for Star Tracker Production
Sodern launches its first US industrial subsidiary in Colorado, producing Auriga™ star trackers and expanding in the US aerospace market.
This article is based on an official press release from Sodern.
Sodern, a prominent French manufacturer of space equipment and a subsidiary of ArianeGroup, has officially inaugurated its first United States industrial subsidiary, Sodern America. Located in Englewood, Colorado, the new facility marks a significant strategic expansion for the European aerospace giant, representing ArianeGroup’s first industrial installation on American soil.
According to the company’s announcement, the opening of Sodern America is designed to bring the manufacturer closer to its U.S. client base and navigate domestic regulatory requirements. The move positions Sodern to compete directly with established American firms in the defense and commercial space sectors by establishing a local supply chain and production capability.
The new subsidiary is situated in the Denver metropolitan area, a region widely recognized as a major hub for the U.S. aerospace industry. The facility spans approximately 14,000 square feet (1,300 square meters) and is equipped to handle manufacturing, testing, and commercial support.
In its official statement, Sodern outlined the specific operational capabilities of the Englewood site:
By establishing this physical presence, Sodern aims to address the “dynamic and demanding” nature of the U.S. market, ensuring that critical components are available with shorter supply-chains than those requiring import from Europe.
To lead the new subsidiary, Sodern has appointed Tiphaine Louradour as the CEO of Sodern America. Louradour brings over 25 years of experience in the space industry, having held significant leadership roles at major U.S. aerospace organizations.
According to biographical details released in conjunction with the announcement, Louradour’s background includes serving as CEO of Spaceflight Inc., President of International Launch Services (ILS), and President of Global Commercial Sales at United Launch Alliance (ULA). Her appointment signals Sodern’s intent to leverage deep ties within the U.S. space industrial base to secure new contracts.
A primary driver for this expansion, as noted in the company’s strategic rationale, is compliance with U.S. regulatory frameworks. Foreign entities often face barriers when bidding for U.S. government defense and civil space contracts due to strict domestic content requirements, often referred to as “Buy American” mandates. By manufacturing the Auriga™ star tracker and conducting testing in Colorado, Sodern America intends to qualify for sensitive programs that are typically restricted to U.S. entities. This local status allows the company to bypass previous regulatory hurdles and compete on equal footing with domestic manufacturers.
The entry of Sodern America into the Colorado aerospace cluster places it in direct proximity to some of its fiercest competitors. The Denver area is home to Blue Canyon Technologies (a subsidiary of RTX), which is a market leader in small satellite components and star trackers. Additionally, Ball Aerospace (now part of BAE Systems Space & Mission Systems) and Honeywell Aerospace maintain significant operations in the region.
Sodern is already a supplier for major U.S. stakeholders, including NASA, providing instruments for the InSight Mars mission and the Europa Clipper, and the OneWeb constellation. However, establishing a manufacturing foothold suggests a shift from being an exporter to becoming an embedded part of the U.S. supply chain. This move is likely to intensify competition in the optical sensors market, particularly as satellite constellations continue to scale.
What is Sodern America? Where is the new facility located? What will be manufactured at the new site? Who is the CEO of Sodern America? Why did Sodern open a U.S. factory?
Facility Capabilities and Strategic Location
Leadership and Market Objectives
Navigating “Buy American” Regulations
AirPro News Analysis: The Competitive Landscape
Frequently Asked Questions
Sodern America is the new U.S. subsidiary of the French space equipment manufacturer Sodern. It is the company’s first industrial facility in the United States.
The facility is located in Englewood, Colorado, within the Denver metropolitan area.
The site will feature a production line for Auriga™ star trackers and testing facilities for Hydra™ star trackers.
Tiphaine Louradour, a veteran aerospace executive with previous leadership roles at Spaceflight Inc. and ULA, has been appointed as CEO.
The expansion aims to bypass “Buy American” regulatory hurdles, shorten supply chains for U.S. clients, and allow the company to bid on U.S. government defense contracts.Sources
Photo Credit: Sodern
Space & Satellites
Isar Aerospace Opens Acceptance Test Facility at Esrange Space Center
Isar Aerospace launches a new test site at Esrange, Sweden, to support industrial-scale production of Spectrum rocket ahead of March 2026 flight.
This article is based on an official press release from Isar Aerospace.
Isar Aerospace has officially inaugurated a new acceptance test facility at the Esrange Space Center in Kiruna, Sweden. Announced on February 4, 2026, the opening marks a significant transition for the Munich-based launch provider as it shifts focus from prototype development to the industrial-scale production of its Spectrum launch vehicle.
The new site is purpose-built to verify the flight readiness of manufactured hardware, a critical step in ensuring high-cadence Launch operations. According to the company, the facility is designed to test over 30 Aquila engines per month, alongside fully integrated rocket stages. This infrastructure expansion comes just weeks before Isar Aerospace attempts its second Test-Flights, mission “Onward and Upward,” scheduled to First-Flight from Andøya Spaceport in Norway in March 2026.
Unlike development testing, which focuses on validating design concepts, acceptance testing is the final quality control step before hardware is shipped to the launch pad. Isar Aerospace stated in their press release that the new facility is specifically engineered to remove production bottlenecks. By securing dedicated infrastructure for acceptance testing, the company aims to ensure that every engine and stage coming off the assembly line is immediately qualified for flight.
The facility operates alongside Isar’s existing vertical test stand (VTS-2) at Esrange, which has been utilized for development testing since 2019. The addition of the new site allows for parallel operations: R&D can continue on the vertical stand while the new facility handles the volume required for serial production.
“Scaling reliable access to space requires not only advanced launch vehicle design but also the right infrastructure to support rapid development and production. With our second test facility at Esrange, we are unlocking new capabilities and accelerating our progress.”
, Daniel Metzler, CEO & Co-Founder, Isar Aerospace
The new infrastructure significantly increases the company’s throughput. Isar Aerospace reports that the site is equipped to handle the acceptance testing of more than 30 Aquila engines monthly. Furthermore, the site supports integrated stage testing, allowing engineers to verify the entire rocket stage as a cohesive unit before it leaves Sweden.
The opening of this facility highlights the intensifying race among European launch Startups to provide sovereign access to space. Isar Aerospace is competing with peers such as Rocket Factory Augsburg (RFA) and Orbex to fill the gap in Europe’s launch market. By vertically integrating its testing capabilities, Isar Aerospace reduces reliance on shared facilities, potentially giving it an advantage in scheduling and launch cadence. Swedish Space Corporation (SSC), which operates Esrange, emphasized the importance of this Partnerships for the broader European ecosystem.
“This new facility strengthens Europe’s path toward scalable and reliable access to space… Together, we are building the infrastructure that will enable a new generation of launch services.”
, Mats Tyni, Director of Business Development, SSC
The distinction between “development” and “acceptance” testing is often overlooked, yet it is the primary hurdle for launch companies moving from a single successful flight to a commercial service. In our view, Isar Aerospace’s Investments in a high-volume acceptance facility signals confidence in their hardware design. It suggests the company believes the Aquila engine design is mature enough to freeze for mass production. If the upcoming March 2026 flight is successful, this infrastructure will be the key enabler that allows them to fulfill their backlog without the testing bottlenecks that have historically plagued the industry.
The facility inauguration serves as a prelude to Isar Aerospace’s next major milestone. The company confirmed that its second test flight, dubbed “Onward and Upward,” is targeted for a launch window in March 2026. This mission will utilize the Spectrum vehicle, a two-stage rocket designed to carry up to 1,000 kg to Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
The Spectrum vehicle relies on the Aquila engines tested at Esrange, which utilize Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Propane. Following a flight termination during the first test launch in March 2025, the company has conducted extensive hot-fire tests to validate system corrections. The new acceptance facility will likely play a central role in qualifying engines for vehicles 3 through 7, which are currently planned for concurrent production.
Industrializing Launch Capabilities
Capacity and Specs
Strategic Context: The Race for European Sovereignty
AirPro News Analysis
Upcoming Mission: “Onward and Upward”
Sources
Photo Credit: Isar Aerospace
Space & Satellites
SpaceX Crew-12 Arrives in Florida for February ISS Launch
Crew-12 astronauts from NASA, ESA, and Roscosmos arrive at Kennedy Space Center ahead of their February 11 launch to the ISS aboard SpaceX Crew Dragon.
This article is based on an official press release from NASA and additional mission data from ESA and Roscosmos.
The four-member crew of the SpaceX Crew-12 mission arrived at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida on Friday, February 6, 2026, marking the final operational milestone before their scheduled Launch to the International Space Station (ISS). Flying in from the Johnson Space Center in Houston, the international team of astronauts landed at the Launch and Landing Facility to commence final preparations and mandatory quarantine protocols.
According to NASA, the mission is targeted to lift off on Wednesday, February 11, 2026, at 6:01 a.m. EST. The crew will ride aboard the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft named Freedom, propelled by a Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. This flight represents a continuation of the Commercial Crew Program’s efforts to maintain a continuous human presence in low-Earth orbit.
The arrival of Crew-12 is operationally critical for the ISS, which has recently functioned with a reduced staff due to schedule shifts and medical evaluations. The successful docking of Crew-12, targeted for approximately 10:30 a.m. EST on February 12, will restore the orbiting laboratory to its full complement of seven astronauts, stabilizing maintenance rosters and scientific output for Expeditions 74 and 75.
The Crew-12 mission brings together representatives from three major Space-Agencies: NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and Roscosmos. The mission duration is expected to last approximately nine months, during which the crew will conduct hundreds of scientific experiments and technology demonstrations.
In an official statement regarding the mission’s scope, NASA noted:
“Crew-12 will conduct scientific investigations and technology demonstrations to help prepare humans for future exploration missions to the Moon and Mars, as well as benefit people on Earth.”
Following the launch on February 11, the crew will execute a 28-hour rendezvous profile before docking with the ISS. Once aboard, they will overlap briefly with the departing crew before settling into a long-duration stay focused on deep space biology, material science, and Earth observation.
The manifest for Crew-12 features a blend of veteran leadership and rookie talent, including two American astronauts, one French astronaut, and one Russian cosmonaut. Leading the mission is veteran astronaut Jessica Meir. Meir previously served on Expedition 61/62 in 2019 and 2020, where she gained global recognition for participating in the first all-female spacewalk alongside Christina Koch. A dual American-Swedish citizen, Meir holds a Doctorate in Marine Biology from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Her scientific background includes extensive research on animal physiology in extreme environments, such as emperor penguins in Antarctica. As Mission Commander, she is responsible for all phases of flight, from launch to re-entry.
Seated alongside Meir is mission pilot Jack Hathaway, making his first trip to space. Selected as a NASA astronaut candidate in 2021, Hathaway brings extensive aviation experience as a Commander in the U.S. Navy. He is a distinguished graduate of the Empire Test Pilots’ School and has logged over 2,500 flight hours in more than 30 types of aircraft. His role on Crew-12 involves monitoring vehicle systems and performance during the dynamic phases of flight.
Representing the European Space Agency is Mission Specialist Sophie Adenot. A Lieutenant Colonel in the French Air and Space Force and a helicopter test pilot, Adenot was selected as an ESA astronaut in 2022. She becomes the second French woman to fly to space, following Claudie Haigneré’s mission in 1996. Adenot’s individual mission is designated “Epsilon.”
Commenting on the significance of her role, Adenot stated:
“With this Epsilon mission, France and Europe are contributing to a global endeavor. Space exploration connects science, economy, technology, education, and diplomacy.”
Rounding out the crew is Roscosmos cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev. This flight marks his second journey to the ISS, having previously flown on the SpaceX Crew-6 mission from March to September 2023. Fedyaev’s inclusion in the crew is notable for making him the first Russian cosmonaut to fly twice on a SpaceX Dragon vehicle. He is tasked with monitoring launch and re-entry phases and managing cargo operations aboard the station.
Upon their arrival in Florida, the crew immediately entered the Neil A. Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building to begin the standard pre-flight quarantine. This health stabilization protocol, a legacy of the Apollo era, is designed to ensure that no viral or bacterial illnesses are transported to the closed environment of the ISS.
The composition of Crew-12 underwent a significant adjustment late in the training flow. In December 2025, Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev was removed from the manifest and replaced by Andrey Fedyaev. While Roscosmos officially cited a “transition to other work” as the reason for the swap, industry reports have suggested the change may have been influenced by internal Regulations. Fedyaev’s previous experience on the Crew-6 mission allowed him to step into the role with a compressed training timeline, ensuring the mission schedule remained on track.
The integration of Andrey Fedyaev into Crew-12 highlights the increasing maturity and interoperability of the Commercial Crew Program. In previous eras of spaceflight, a crew change less than three months before launch could have resulted in significant delays. However, the standardization of the SpaceX Crew Dragon platform allows veteran flyers like Fedyaev to retain currency and step into rotation with reduced lead time. Furthermore, the launch of Crew-12 is pivotal for ISS operations. The station has faced a period of flux regarding crew numbers, and the return to a seven-person staff is essential for clearing the backlog of maintenance tasks and maximizing the scientific return of the orbiting laboratory before the transition to commercial space stations begins later in the decade.
Sources:
Crew-12 Astronauts Touch Down in Florida Ahead of February 11 Launch
Mission Profile and Timeline
Meet the Crew-12 Astronauts
Commander Jessica Meir (NASA)
Pilot Jack Hathaway (NASA)
Mission Specialist Sophie Adenot (ESA)
Mission Specialist Andrey Fedyaev (Roscosmos)
Operational Context and Late Adjustments
Late Crew Change
AirPro News Analysis
Photo Credit: NASA
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