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Lithuania Acquires Embraer C-390 Jets for NATO Defense Modernization

Lithuania invests in Embraer C-390 Millennium transport aircraft to enhance NATO interoperability, defense readiness, and industrial partnerships by 2029.

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Lithuania’s Strategic Acquisition of the Embraer C-390 Millennium: A New Chapter in NATO Defense Readiness

On June 18, 2025, at the Paris Air Show, the Ministry of National Defence of Lithuania announced a landmark decision to acquire three Embraer C-390 Millennium military transport aircraft. This move signals a significant evolution in the country’s defense posture, aligning it with NATO’s broader modernization efforts and reinforcing its commitment to collective security.

The choice of the C-390 Millennium is not merely about upgrading hardware; it represents a deeper strategic alignment with European allies and a forward-looking approach to military logistics, interoperability, and industrial cooperation. With this acquisition, Lithuania joins a growing list of NATO nations that have opted for Embraer’s next-generation transport aircraft, citing its speed, payload capacity, and versatility as key differentiators.

Technical and Operational Superiority of the C-390 Millennium

Performance and Capabilities

The Embraer C-390 Millennium is engineered to meet the demands of modern military missions. With a maximum payload capacity of 26 tons, it surpasses many of its medium-lift competitors, including the Lockheed C-130J Hercules. The aircraft’s cruise speed of 470 knots (approximately 870 km/h) allows for faster mission execution, a critical factor in time-sensitive operations such as medical evacuations or disaster relief.

In terms of operational range, the C-390 can fly up to 1,080 nautical miles with a full payload, and up to 4,570 nautical miles with auxiliary tanks. This extended reach enhances its strategic utility for NATO missions and humanitarian deployments. Additionally, the aircraft is capable of operating from semi-prepared or unpaved runways, such as gravel or packed earth, increasing its flexibility in austere environments.

The aircraft is powered by two IAE V2500-E5 turbofan engines, each delivering 139.4 kN of thrust. This jet-powered configuration not only contributes to superior speed but also simplifies maintenance compared to turboprop systems, offering lower lifecycle costs.

“The C-390 Millennium combines jet-speed performance with tactical versatility, making it a compelling choice for modern air forces,”, Bosco Da Costa Junior, President & CEO of Embraer Defense & Security

Multirole Versatility

Designed with modularity in mind, the C-390 can be quickly reconfigured for a variety of missions. These include cargo and troop transport, medical evacuation (MEDEVAC), aerial refueling, search and rescue (SAR), and firefighting. The cargo hold accommodates up to seven 463L pallets or 80 troops, and can be adapted to carry 66 paratroopers or 74 stretchers for medical missions.

The aircraft is equipped with Cobham aerial refueling pods, enabling both tanker and receiver configurations. This feature significantly extends the operational range of allied aircraft during joint missions. Its SAR capabilities are enhanced by integrated radar and infrared systems, allowing for all-weather search operations.

In peacetime, the C-390 has already proven its value in humanitarian missions. It has been deployed for disaster relief in Brazil’s Amazon region and for delivering aid to Ukraine, showcasing its global reach and adaptability.

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Strategic and Economic Implications for Lithuania

Defense Modernization and NATO Interoperability

Lithuania’s decision to procure the C-390 followed a thorough evaluation of competing platforms, including the C-130J and Airbus A400M. According to Vice Minister of National Defence Loreta Maskaliovienė, the selection was based on “technical capabilities, speed of delivery, and cost-effectiveness.” The aircraft’s compatibility with NATO’s Strategic Airlift Capability (SAC) ensures seamless integration into multinational operations.

By aligning its airlift capabilities with those of other NATO members, such as Portugal, Hungary, and the Netherlands, Lithuania enhances its ability to participate in joint exercises, rapid deployments, and humanitarian missions. The acquisition strengthens deterrence in the Baltic region, where rapid mobility is crucial for NATO’s forward defense posture.

Portugal’s expansion of its C-390 fleet, with plans to acquire up to 16 units, further underscores the aircraft’s growing role in NATO’s mobility strategy. Lithuania’s entry into this ecosystem enhances its strategic relevance within the alliance.

Industrial Cooperation and Economic Benefits

Beyond its military utility, the C-390 deal includes industrial cooperation agreements that will bring economic benefits to Lithuania. These include opportunities for maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) capabilities, as well as parts co-production and partnerships with academic institutions.

Similar arrangements in countries like the Czech Republic and Portugal have led to technology transfer and job creation. For instance, Aero Vodochody, which manufactures aft fuselage sections for the C-390, plans to double its production capacity, creating over 200 jobs. Lithuania could see comparable benefits as it integrates into Embraer’s European supply chain.

These partnerships not only support local economies but also reduce dependency on external suppliers, enhancing resilience in defense logistics. The collaboration aligns with NATO’s emphasis on industrial base strengthening and transatlantic defense cooperation.

“Industrial cooperation is not just about offsets, it’s about building long-term capabilities and strategic autonomy within Europe,”, Defense Industry Analyst, European Security Forum

Comparative Analysis and Market Position

C-390 vs. Legacy Platforms

Compared to the Lockheed C-130J, the C-390 offers a higher payload (26 tons vs. 19 tons), faster cruise speed (470 knots vs. 417 knots), and lower operating costs. These advantages make it particularly attractive to countries seeking high performance without the premium costs associated with heavy-lift aircraft like the Airbus A400M.

The Airbus A400M, while capable of carrying up to 37 tons, comes with a significantly higher acquisition cost and is optimized for strategic rather than tactical missions. The C-390’s smaller footprint and agility make it better suited for rapid-response and intra-theater operations.

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Analysts have noted that the C-390’s jet engines offer “lower maintenance complexity,” which is appealing to nations with limited defense budgets or those looking to modernize without overextending financially.

Position in the Global Market

Since its entry into service in 2019, the C-390 has gained traction in the global defense market. With confirmed orders from several NATO countries and ongoing negotiations with others, the aircraft has captured a significant portion of the medium-lift segment. Its competitive pricing further strengthens its market position.

The global military transport aircraft market is projected to grow steadily. Embraer’s focus on multirole flexibility and cost-efficiency positions the C-390 as a strong contender, particularly among mid-sized nations seeking to modernize their fleets without compromising on capability.

Future upgrades, including AI-driven logistics systems and hybrid propulsion, could further enhance the aircraft’s appeal, aligning with the EU’s Climate-Neutral Defense Roadmap and broader sustainability goals in military aviation.

Conclusion

Lithuania’s selection of the Embraer C-390 Millennium marks a strategic leap forward in its national defense capabilities and NATO integration. By opting for a platform that combines speed, payload, and versatility, Lithuania not only modernizes its airlift capabilities but also strengthens its role within the alliance’s collective defense framework.

The inclusion of industrial cooperation and technology transfer underscores a broader vision that extends beyond military readiness to economic development and strategic autonomy. As more European nations adopt the C-390, the aircraft is poised to become a cornerstone of NATO’s tactical airlift strategy, offering a compelling alternative to legacy systems in a rapidly evolving security environment.

FAQ

What missions can the C-390 Millennium perform?
The C-390 is capable of troop and cargo transport, medical evacuation, aerial refueling, search and rescue, firefighting, and humanitarian missions.

Why did Lithuania choose the C-390 over other aircraft?
Lithuania selected the C-390 due to its superior speed, payload capacity, cost-effectiveness, and interoperability with NATO allies.

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When will Lithuania receive the aircraft?
Deliveries are expected to begin before 2029, pending the finalization of the acquisition contract and national legal procedures.

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Photo Credit: Embraer

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Defense & Military

South Korea Grounds AH-1S Cobra Helicopters After Fatal Crash

South Korea suspends AH-1S Cobra helicopter operations following a fatal training crash amid delays in fleet replacement.

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This article summarizes reporting by South China Morning Post and official statements from the South Korean military.

South Korea Grounds AH-1S Cobra Fleet Following Fatal Training Crash

The South Korean military has ordered an immediate suspension of all AH-1S Cobra helicopters operations following a fatal accident on Monday morning. According to reporting by the South China Morning Post (SCMP), the crash occurred in Gapyeong and resulted in the deaths of two crew members. The grounding order remains in effect pending a comprehensive investigation into the cause of the incident.

The tragedy has renewed scrutiny over the Republic of Korea Army’s aging fleet of attack helicopters, many of which have surpassed their original intended service life. Military officials confirmed that the aircraft involved was conducting training maneuvers at the time of the accident.

Incident Details and Casualties

The crash took place at approximately 11:04 AM KST on February 9, 2026. The aircraft, an AH-1S Cobra operated by the Army’s 15th Aviation Group, went down on a riverbank in Gapyeong County, located roughly 55 kilometers northeast of Seoul.

According to military briefings, the two crew members on board, both Warrant Officers, were recovered from the wreckage in cardiac arrest. They were transported to a nearby hospital but were subsequently pronounced dead.

Preliminary reports indicate the crew was engaged in “emergency landing procedures.” In rotorcraft aviation, this typically refers to autorotation training, a high-risk maneuver where pilots simulate engine failure to glide the helicopter safely to the ground using the energy stored in the spinning rotors. While standard for pilot certification, autorotation requires precise handling, particularly during the final “flare” phase near the ground.

Fleet Status and Delayed Retirement

The AH-1S Cobra has been a staple of South Korea’s anti-tank capabilities since its introduction between 1988 and 1991. However, the fleet is widely considered obsolete by modern standards. Estimates suggest the Army still operates between 55 and 70 of these airframes.

According to defense procurement plans previously released by the government, the AH-1S fleet was scheduled for retirement by 2024. The continued operation of these helicopters in 2026 points to significant delays in the full deployment of replacement platforms, specifically the AH-64E Apache Guardian and the domestically produced KAI LAH (Light Armed Helicopter).

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Previous Safety Concerns

This is not the first time the aging Cobra fleet has faced safety questions. In August 2018, the fleet was grounded after a catastrophic mechanical failure in Yongin. During that incident, a main rotor blade separated from the fuselage during takeoff, leading to a crash landing. That failure was later attributed to a defect in the rotor strap assembly, highlighting the structural fatigue inherent in airframes that have been in service for nearly four decades.

AirPro News Analysis

The Risks of Legacy Training
The crash in Gapyeong underscores a critical dilemma facing modernizing militaries: the necessity of training on “high-risk” airframes while awaiting delayed replacements. Autorotation training is inherently dangerous even in modern aircraft; performing these stress-inducing maneuvers on helicopters approaching 40 years of service compounds the risk profile significantly.

Modernization Pressure
We anticipate this incident will accelerate political pressure on the Ministry of National Defense to expedite the retirement of the remaining AH-1S Cobras. While South Korea has become a major exporter of advanced defense hardware, such as the K2 tank and FA-50 light combat aircraft, the domestic reliance on Vietnam-era derivative helicopters creates a stark capability gap. The tragedy may force the military to prioritize the delivery of the KAI LAH to prevent further loss of life among aircrews operating obsolete equipment.

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Photo Credit: Reuters

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Grid Aero Raises $20M to Deploy Long-Range Autonomous Airlift

Grid Aero secures $20M Series A funding to develop the “Lifter-Lite,” a long-range autonomous aircraft for military logistics in the Indo-Pacific.

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This article is based on an official press release from Grid Aero.

Grid Aero Secures $20M Series A to Deploy Long-Range Autonomous Airlift for Contested Logistics

Grid Aero, a California-based aerospace Startups, announced on January 26, 2026, that it has raised $20 million in Series A funding. The round was led by Bison Ventures and Geodesic Capital, with participation from Stony Lonesome Group, Alumni Ventures, Ubiquity Ventures, Calibrate Ventures, and Commonweal Ventures. The capital will be used to transition the company’s “Lifter-Lite” autonomous aircraft from prototype to a fielded platform, specifically targeting military logistics challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.

Unlike many entrants in the autonomous aviation sector that focus on electric propulsion, Grid Aero has developed a clean-sheet, conventional-fuel aircraft designed to address the “tyranny of distance.” By utilizing standard Jet-A fuel and a rugged fixed-wing design, the company aims to provide a heavy-lift solution capable of operating without traditional runway infrastructure.

The “Lifter-Lite” Platform: Capabilities and Design

According to the company’s announcement, the flagship “Lifter-Lite” aircraft prioritizes range and payload capacity over novel propulsion methods. The system is engineered to carry between 1,000 and 8,000 pounds of cargo, with a maximum range of up to 2,000 miles. This range capability allows for trans-oceanic flights, such as routes from Guam to Japan, which are critical for Pacific theater operations.

The aircraft utilizes a conventional turboprop engine, a strategic choice intended to ensure compatibility with existing military fuel supply chains. The design features Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) capabilities, enabling operations from dirt strips, highways, or damaged runways where standard cargo planes cannot land.

Leadership and Engineering Pedigree

Grid Aero was founded in 2024 by CEO Arthur Dubois and CTO Chinmay Patel. Dubois previously served as Director of Engineering at Xwing and was an early engineer at Joby Aviation. Patel, who holds a PhD in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford, brings experience from Zee Aero (Kitty Hawk). The leadership team emphasizes a shift away from the “electric hype” of the urban air mobility sector toward pragmatic, physics-based solutions for defense logistics.

“We are building the pickup truck of the skies, a rugged, affordable, and autonomous logistics network capable of operating in austere environments.”

, Grid Aero Mission Statement

Strategic Context: Addressing Contested Logistics

The Investments from Geodesic Capital, a firm known for fostering U.S.-Japan collaboration, highlights the strategic focus on the Indo-Pacific. The Department of Defense (DoD) has identified logistics as a primary vulnerability in potential conflicts where traditional supply lines may be contested. Grid Aero positions its technology as an “attritable” asset, low-cost, unmanned systems that can be deployed in volume without risking human crews.

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AirPro News Analysis

The Shift to Pragmatic Propulsion

While the broader autonomous aviation market has largely chased the promise of electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) technologies, Grid Aero’s successful Series A raise signals a growing investor appetite for pragmatic, mission-specific engineering. Electric propulsion currently struggles with energy density, limiting most eVTOLs to ranges under 200 miles, insufficient for the vast distances of the Pacific.

By opting for a conventional turboprop engine, Grid Aero bypasses the battery bottleneck entirely. This decision allows the “Lifter-Lite” to integrate immediately into existing defense infrastructure (using Jet-A fuel) while offering ranges that are an order of magnitude higher than its electric competitors. For military buyers, the ability to repair an aluminum airframe in the field is often more valuable than the theoretical efficiency of composite electric platforms.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary use case for Grid Aero’s aircraft?

The aircraft is designed for “contested logistics,” delivering heavy cargo (1,000–8,000 lbs) over long ranges (up to 2,000 miles) to areas without standard runways, such as islands or forward operating bases.

Why does Grid Aero use conventional fuel instead of electric power?

Conventional Jet-A fuel offers significantly higher energy density than current battery technology, enabling the long ranges required for operations in the Pacific. It also ensures compatibility with existing military logistics chains.

Who are the lead investors in this round?

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The Series A round was led by Bison Ventures, a deep-tech VC firm, and Geodesic Capital, which specializes in U.S.-Japan expansion and security collaboration.

Is the aircraft fully autonomous?

Yes, the system is designed for fully autonomous flight operations, allowing for “fleet-scale” management where a single operator can oversee multiple aircraft simultaneously.

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Photo Credit: Grid Aero

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Apogee Aerospace Signs $420M Deal for Albatross Amphibious Aircraft

Apogee Aerospace partners with Australia’s AAI to purchase 15 Albatross 2.0 amphibious planes and invest in India’s seaplane infrastructure.

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This article summarizes reporting by The Economic Times.

Apogee Aerospace Signs $420M Deal for Albatross Amphibious Aircraft

In a significant development for India’s regional and maritime aviation sectors, Apogee Aerospace Pvt Ltd has signed a definitive agreement with Australia’s Amphibian Aerospace Industries (AAI). According to reporting by The Economic Times, the deal, finalized on February 5, 2026, is valued at approximately Rs 3,500 crore ($420 million) and involves the purchase of 15 Albatross 2.0 amphibian aircraft.

The partnership extends beyond a simple acquisition. Reports indicate that Apogee Aerospace will invest an additional Rs 500 crore ($60 million) to develop a domestic ecosystem for seaplanes in India. This infrastructure commitment includes a final assembly line, a Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) facility, and a pilot training center. The move appears strategically timed to align with the Indian Navy’s recent interest in acquiring amphibious capabilities.

Deal Structure and Investment Details

The agreement outlines a comprehensive collaboration between the Indian entity and the Darwin-based manufacturer. As detailed in the report, Apogee Aerospace, a special purpose vehicle of the deep-tech defense firm Apogee C4i LLP, has secured 15 units of the G-111T Albatross. This modernized aircraft is a “revival” of the Grumman HU-16, a platform historically utilized for open-ocean rescue missions.

To cement the partnership, Apogee has reportedly invested $7 million (Rs 65 crore) directly into AAI’s parent company, Amphibian Aircraft Holdings. This equity stake grants the Indian firm a long-term interest in the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). According to the timeline provided in the reporting, the first aircraft is expected to enter the Indian market within 18 to 24 months, with a demonstration aircraft likely arriving within six months.

Domestic Manufacturing and MRO

A central component of the deal is the focus on “Make in India” initiatives. The Rs 500 crore investment is designated for establishing local capabilities that would allow Apogee to service the fleet domestically. This aligns with the Indian government’s Union Budget 2026-27, which explicitly offered incentives for indigenous seaplane manufacturing and viability gap funding for operators.

The Albatross 2.0 (G-111T) Platform

The aircraft at the center of this procurement is the Albatross 2.0, also known as the G-111T. While based on a legacy airframe, the new variants are being rebuilt in Darwin with significant modernizations. The Economic Times notes that AAI holds the type certificate for the aircraft, which is the only FAA and EASA-certified transport-category amphibian in its class.

Key upgrades to the platform include:

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  • Propulsion: Replacement of original radial engines with modern Pratt & Whitney PT6A-67F turboprops.
  • Avionics: Installation of a fully digital glass cockpit and modern navigation suites.
  • Capacity: Configuration options for up to 28 passengers in a civil variant, or specialized payloads for search and rescue (SAR) and surveillance in military configurations.

Strategic Context: The Indian Navy Bid

The timing of this commercial agreement coincides with a major defense procurement opportunity. On January 10–12, 2026, the Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD) issued a Request for Information (RFI) seeking to wet-lease four amphibious aircraft for the Indian Navy. The Navy requires these assets for SAR operations, island logistics in the Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep archipelagos, and maritime surveillance.

Industry observers suggest that the Apogee-AAI partnership intends to bid for this contract against established global competitors, most notably Japan’s ShinMaywa. The ShinMaywa US-2 has been evaluated by the Indian Navy for over a decade, but high unit costs, estimated at over $110 million per aircraft, have historically stalled acquisition efforts. In contrast, the Albatross 2.0 is positioned as a cost-effective alternative, with a claimed unit cost significantly lower than its Japanese competitor.

AirPro News Analysis

We view this deal as a calculated gamble by Apogee Aerospace to disrupt a defense procurement process that has been stagnant for years. By securing a commercial order and investing in local MRO, Apogee is likely attempting to present a “sovereign industrial capability” argument to the Ministry of Defence. This approach addresses two critical pain points for Indian defense planners: cost and indigenization.

However, risks remain. While the ShinMaywa US-2 is a proven, currently operational platform with extreme rough-sea capabilities, the Albatross 2.0 is effectively a remanufactured legacy aircraft from a company that is still ramping up production. The Indian Navy’s RFI calls for an immediate wet-lease solution. Whether AAI can meet the operational readiness requirements with a production line that is still maturing will be the key factor in the upcoming bid evaluation. The promise of a demo aircraft in six months will be the first real test of this partnership’s viability.

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Sources: The Economic Times

Photo Credit: AAI

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