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Spain Funds Next-Gen Aerospike Rocket Engine to Boost EU Space Sovereignty

Pangea Aerospace secures €7.27M to develop reusable ARCOS engine with 3D-printed tech, aiming to transform Europe’s launch capabilities by 2027.

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Spain Bets Big on Next-Gen Rocket Technology

European space engineering reaches a critical milestone as Pangea Aerospace secures €7.27 million through Spain’s Space Technology Programme. This funding fuels development of the ARCOS aerospike engine – a technological leap that could reshape orbital launch economics. Unlike conventional rocket engines, aerospike designs maintain optimal efficiency across altitudes, potentially reducing fuel consumption by 30% while enabling full reusability.

The investment comes amid growing European urgency to develop sovereign space capabilities. With SpaceX dominating reusable launch systems and geopolitical tensions affecting international collaboration, Spain’s CDTI innovation agency has prioritized 24 strategic projects through its PERTE Aerospace initiative. Pangea’s engine project represents the second-largest allocation in this €70 million funding round.

The MERLIn Consortium: Collaborative Innovation

Pangea leads a powerhouse consortium including ITP Aero (propulsion experts), Sener (control systems), and Aenium Engineering (additive manufacturing). The partners will pool expertise to overcome aerospike’s historic challenges – complex cooling requirements and manufacturing precision. ITP Aero brings decades of jet engine experience from Airbus programs, while Sener contributes flight-proven thrust vectoring systems used in ESA missions.

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Financial breakdown reveals strategic priorities: €3.9 million directly funds Pangea’s engine development, with remaining allocations supporting complementary technologies. This structure ensures vertical integration – from advanced nickel superalloys to AI-driven combustion modeling. The consortium approach mirrors successful models like Airbus’s distributed manufacturing, but adapted for NewSpace agility.

“We’re solving thermal management puzzles that baffled NASA in the 1990s,” says Xavier Llairó, Pangea’s CCO. “Our additive manufacturing breakthroughs let us create cooling channels impossible with traditional machining.”



ARCOS Engine: Technical Breakthroughs

The 750kN methane-oxygen engine targets medium/heavy lift upper stages, addressing a critical gap in Europe’s launch portfolio. Key innovations include:

  • 3D-printed combustion chambers with fractal cooling channels
  • AI-optimized injector patterns reducing combustion instability
  • Modular design allowing thrust scaling from 300-700kN

Compared to Arianespace’s Vinci engine, ARCOS offers 15% greater specific impulse during upper-stage operation. This efficiency gain could translate to 2+ tons of additional payload on Ariane 6-class missions. The methalox propellant choice future-proofs the design, aligning with ESA’s Prometheus engine roadmap and enabling Mars return missions through in-situ resource utilization.

Reusability features are particularly revolutionary. Traditional upper stages burn up on reentry, but ARCOS enables controlled return via integrated thermal protection and restart capabilities. Pangea’s 2021 Demo-P1 test article achieved 12 ignitions during a single test campaign – crucial for proving rapid turnaround potential.

European Space Sovereignty at Stake

This project arrives as Europe’s share of global launches drops below 4%. With SpaceX completing 96 missions in 2024 and China’s commercial sector accelerating, EU states recognize the strategic necessity of reusable systems. Spain’s investment signals a policy shift towards nurturing homegrown NewSpace firms rather than relying on legacy contractors.

Industry analysts note Pangea’s €23 million Series A funding (led by Hyperion Fund) positions it as Europe’s answer to SpaceX’s Merlin engines. However, scaling requires infrastructure: the company plans to double its workforce to 140 and establish dedicated test facilities in Teruel by 2026.

“Aerospike isn’t just about better engines,” observes former ArianeGroup CEO André-Hubert Roussel. “It’s about reclaiming European autonomy in an era where space infrastructure equals geopolitical power.”

Conclusion

The ARCOS development marks a watershed for European space capabilities. By solving aerospike’s historical challenges through modern manufacturing and materials science, Pangea’s consortium could slash launch costs while increasing payload capacity – critical for competing in the $1.8 trillion space economy.

Success hinges on sustained funding and regulatory support. With Germany’s ISAR Aerospace and Spain’s PLD Space preparing inaugural launches, Europe’s commercial space ecosystem is finally coalescing. The coming decade will determine whether these efforts can close the gap with US and Asian competitors.

FAQ

Why are aerospike engines more efficient?
Their adaptive exhaust geometry maintains optimal pressure at all altitudes, unlike bell nozzles which are optimized for specific air pressures.

When will ARCOS engines enter service?
Pangea targets 2027 for qualification flights, with operational deployment on European rockets by 2030.

How does this affect Arianespace?
The engine could become a drop-in replacement for Ariane 6’s upper stage, potentially extending its competitiveness against reusable rockets.

Sources:
European Spaceflight,
The Next Web,
Sener Group

Photo Credit: europeanspaceflight.com
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Space & Satellites

Reflect Orbital Buys Two Skyroot Launches for Satellite Fleet

Reflect Orbital purchases two dedicated Skyroot Aerospace launches for its sunlight-reflecting satellite constellation, announced Oct. 14, 2026.

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Reflect Orbital Buys Two Skyroot Launches for Satellite Fleet

Reflect Orbital has secured two dedicated rocket launches from India-based Skyroot Aerospace to deploy its planned constellation of sunlight-reflecting satellites. The agreement, announced on October 14, 2026, provides critical launch capacity for the California startup’s controversial orbital mirror project while marking a major commercial milestone for India’s emerging private space sector.

In a press release issued today, Reflect Orbital confirmed the purchase of the two dedicated missions, which will utilize Skyroot’s Vikram-1 and in-development Vikram-1U launch vehicles. The deal follows the successful maiden orbital flight of the Vikram-1 rocket in July 2026 and comes as commercial satellite operators face a global shortage of available launch capacity.

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Securing capacity amid a launch shortage

The commercial space launch market is currently experiencing a capacity bottleneck, driving satellite operators to seek alternative providers outside of established players. Reflect Orbital Co-Founder and CEO Ben Nowack cited this dynamic as a key driver for the agreement.

“There’s a real launch capacity shortage right now,” Nowack said. “We’re excited to work with a new launch provider, Skyroot, to help ensure access to space.”

The first launch under the contract will utilize the Vikram-1, a four-stage small-lift launch vehicle featuring three solid stages and a liquid fourth stage. The Vikram-1 has a payload capacity of 350 kilograms to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The second launch will use the upgraded Vikram-1U variant, which incorporates strap-on boosters to increase the LEO payload capacity to 550 kilograms. Specific financial terms and launch dates for the two missions were not disclosed.

“Reflect Orbital represents the kind of ambitious global space mission the Vikram family is being built to serve. We are pleased to partner with Ben and the Reflect Orbital team across two dedicated launches, providing schedule certainty and mission flexibility.”

The statement was provided by Pawan Kumar Chandana, Co-founder and CEO of Skyroot Aerospace.

The orbital mirror concept and regulatory hurdles

Founded in 2021 and headquartered in Hawthorne, California, Reflect Orbital is developing space-enabled infrastructure designed to redirect sunlight to precise locations on Earth. The company aims to extend electricity generation at solar farms past sunset and provide illumination for search-and-rescue teams and nighttime construction crews. The long-term vision involves operating as many as 50,000 reflector satellites in orbit by 2035.

The concept of placing reflective surfaces in orbit has faced significant pushback from the astronomical community. Organizations including the American Astronomical Society have raised concerns regarding light pollution and potential interference with research telescopes.

Despite these objections, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted Reflect Orbital a license on July 9, 2026, to launch and operate its first demonstration satellite, designated Eärendil-1. The spacecraft will carry an 18-by-18-meter deployable mirror designed to beam concentrated sunlight onto targeted spots on the ground at night. Eärendil-1 is currently manifested to launch on a SpaceX rideshare mission in late 2026.

Addressing the regulatory and scientific concerns, Nowack emphasized the company’s commitment to collaboration. “For decades, the promise of space has been a better life here on Earth; expanding solar energy generation to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and helping save lives in emergency situations follow in that tradition,” Nowack said. “We were recently licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to operate our first spacecraft, and we will continue to work with astronomers, local communities and regulators to earn the right to scale.”

Skyroot’s commercial ascent

For Skyroot Aerospace, the Reflect Orbital contract serves as a critical validation of its commercial viability on the global stage. Founded in 2018 in Hyderabad, India, the company has rapidly advanced its launch vehicle development program.

Skyroot became the first Indian private company to launch a rocket into space with the suborbital flight of Vikram-S in 2022. In May 2026, the company raised nearly $60 million at a $1.1 billion valuation, achieving status as India’s first space-tech unicorn. This financial milestone was followed closely by technical success on July 18, 2026, when the Vikram-1 successfully reached orbit on its maiden flight. The achievement made India the third country, following the United States and China, to demonstrate private orbital launch capability.

AirPro News analysis

This agreement highlights a structural shift in the commercial launch market. As established providers prioritize their own mega-constellations or remain fully booked by government and legacy commercial contracts, emerging satellite operators are forced to look internationally for schedule certainty. For Reflect Orbital, securing dedicated launches mitigates a major programmatic risk as it attempts to scale a highly controversial business model. If the company cannot guarantee access to space, its regulatory victories with the FCC hold little value.

For Skyroot Aerospace, landing a US-based customer so soon after its maiden orbital flight is a strong indicator of market demand for alternative small-lift providers. We view this deal as a mutual de-risking exercise. Reflect Orbital bypasses the rideshare bottleneck for its dedicated constellation deployment, while Skyroot secures an anchor tenant to justify the development costs of its upgraded Vikram-1U vehicle.

Photo Credit: Reflect Orbital

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SpaceX CRS-35 Delivers Final iROSA Arrays to ISS

SpaceX Dragon docked to the ISS on Oct. 15, 2026, delivering the last two iROSA arrays to complete the station’s power upgrade.

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SpaceX CRS-35 Delivers Final iROSA Arrays to ISS

The Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) Dragon cargo spacecraft autonomously docked to the International Space Station (ISS) on October 15, 2026, delivering the final set of upgraded solar arrays required to complete a multi-year power modernization program for the orbital laboratory.

According to a press release from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the 35th Commercial Resupply Services mission (CRS-35) delivered more than 6,300 pounds of scientific equipment, supplies, and hardware to the Expedition 75 crew. The payload includes the seventh and eighth International Space Station Roll-Out Solar Arrays (iROSA), which are expected to increase the station’s electric power generation capacity by up to 30 percent once fully installed.

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Autonomous docking and cargo delivery

The mission commenced on October 13, 2026, when a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launched the Dragon spacecraft from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. Lift-off occurred at 6:33 a.m. EDT. Following a two-day orbital transit, the spacecraft autonomously docked to the space-facing port of the ISS Harmony module at 11:00 a.m. EDT on October 15, 2026.

The 6,300 pounds of cargo includes critical hardware for advanced biomedical research. NASA highlighted that the scientific investigations aboard the Dragon spacecraft will support studies into the manufacturing of artificial retinas and the growth of heart tissues in microgravity environments. These experiments rely on the continuous power and stable microgravity conditions provided by the orbital outpost.

Completing the orbital power upgrade

The delivery of the final two iROSA units marks the concluding phase of an infrastructure upgrade program that began in June 2021. The initiative was designed to augment the station’s aging original solar arrays, which have degraded over more than two decades of exposure to the space environment.

Six arrays were previously installed during a series of spacewalks conducted between 2021 and 2023. The CRS-35 mission transported the seventh and eighth arrays stowed inside the unpressurized trunk of the Dragon spacecraft. Once these final arrays are extracted and integrated into the station’s truss structure, the total available power for the ISS will increase to between 160 and 215 kilowatts.

NASA astronaut Anil Menon and Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Joshua Kutryk are scheduled to conduct U.S. spacewalks 100 and 101 to complete the installation. The exact dates for these extravehicular activities remain pending.

Expedition 75 operations and commercial resupply context

The arrival of the CRS-35 cargo mission follows a recent crew rotation on the station. On October 1, 2026, the SpaceX Crew-13 mission reached the ISS, bringing Menon, Kutryk, and NASA astronauts Jessica Watkins and Luke Delaney to begin their six-month research mission as part of Expedition 75. The previous Crew-12 quartet departed the station on October 7, 2026, clearing the docking ports and schedule for upcoming cargo operations.

SpaceX operates as a primary provider for NASA’s Commercial Resupply Services program. The agency also contracts with Northrop Grumman, utilizing its Cygnus spacecraft, and Sierra Space, utilizing its Dream Chaser spaceplane, for cargo delivery. These commercial partnerships ensure a continuous national capability to deliver scientific research and critical supplies to the ISS, significantly increasing the ability of NASA to conduct new investigations.

AirPro News analysis

The delivery of the final iROSA arrays represents the culmination of a critical infrastructure project for the ISS. As the station operates through its final planned years, maximizing electrical power generation is essential to support the increasing volume of commercial and government research payloads. We view the successful deployment of these final arrays as a necessary step to maintain the station’s viability and research output capacity. The completion of this power upgrade ensures the orbital laboratory can meet the energy demands of advanced microgravity research through the end of its operational lifecycle.

Photo Credit: NASA

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Agile Space Industries Expands to Bellevue Washington

Agile Space Industries opens a Bellevue, WA office amid 40% annual growth, a Colorado HQ expansion, and a $36M Oklahoma test center.

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Agile Space Industries Expands to Bellevue Washington

Agile Space Industries is establishing a new office in Bellevue, Washington, positioning the in-space propulsion manufacturer to recruit from the Pacific Northwest’s established aerospace engineering talent pool.

The expansion, announced in an October 2026 press release, follows a period of rapid scaling for the company, which has recorded year-over-year growth exceeding 40 percent for the past three years. The Bellevue location adds to a growing national footprint designed to meet surging demand for chemical propulsion systems in the commercial space, lunar exploration, and defense sectors.

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Scaling operations across multiple states

The move into the Seattle metropolitan area is part of a broader infrastructure build-out for Agile Space Industries. By the end of 2026, the company expects its business to have grown more than four-fold compared to 2022 levels. To support this trajectory, the manufacturer recently completed a 20,500-square-foot expansion of its headquarters in Durango, Colorado.

The August 2026 Durango expansion doubled the facility’s footprint to 40,000 square feet. This additional space is dedicated to increasing manufacturing capacity for the company’s 3D-printed thrusters and supporting a growing workforce. During the ribbon-cutting ceremony for the Colorado site, Agile Space Industries CEO Chris Pearson highlighted the strategic nature of the company’s geographic spread.

“The opening of the expanded Durango facility is crucial to support our continued growth. By year-end, the business will have grown more than four-fold since 2022, and the expanded footprint shows our commitment to our HQ here in Colorado while growing our presence in Oklahoma and Washington.”

Concurrently, the company is developing a $36 million hot-fire rocket engine testing center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Located on 20 acres adjacent to Tulsa International Airport (TUL), the facility will support testing requirements for NASA, the US Department of Defense, and commercial space operators. The Tulsa site adds dedicated infrastructure for the rigorous qualification processes required for in-space propulsion systems.

Leadership changes and propulsion market context

The Bellevue office announcement follows a recent leadership transition aimed at managing the company’s rapid scaling. In late September 2026, Agile Space Industries appointed Jason Wright as President. Wright brings 25 years of aerospace experience to the role, including previous tenure at Lockheed Martin. He is tasked with steering the organization toward its goal of quintupling 2022 revenue by the end of the current year.

Agile Space Industries specializes in designing, 3D printing, and testing chemical propulsion systems that operate on hydrazine and hydrazine-based constituents. The company differentiates itself in the competitive space propulsion market through rapid design iteration and extensive in-house testing capabilities. Engineers at the firm have conducted over 8,000 hot-fire tests to date, a metric that underscores the company’s focus on empirical validation.

The manufacturer gained significant industry traction in April 2023 when it qualified its A110 bipropellant thruster for lunar landers. This milestone marked the first US-built thruster qualified for lunar landers since the Apollo program. Following the qualification, the company secured agreements to supply thrusters for lunar vehicles developed by Astrobotic, ispace, and Masten Space Systems.

Financial backing has accelerated this industrial expansion. In February 2026, Agile Space Industries raised $17 million in an oversubscribed Series A funding round. This capital injection has directly supported the company’s hiring initiatives. As of September 2026, the company employed 167 people across four states, having added 77 employees over the preceding 12 months. The new Bellevue office is expected to further accelerate this headcount growth by tapping into Washington’s deep reservoir of aerospace engineering talent.

Photo Credit: Agile Space Industries

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