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South Korea Allocates 2.3 Trillion Won for Methane Reusable Rocket

South Korea’s KASA secures 2.3 trillion won to develop KSLV-III, a reusable methane rocket aiming for a 2032 lunar mission and lower launch costs.

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South Korea Commits 2.3 Trillion Won to Reusable Methane Rocket Program

South Korea has officially pivoted its national space strategy toward reusable launch vehicles, aiming to compete in the rapidly evolving global commercial space market. According to reporting by The Chosun Ilbo, the Korea AeroSpace Administration (KASA) has secured a budget of approximately 2.3 trillion won (roughly $1.65 billion) to develop a next-generation launch vehicle capable of reaching the Moon by 2032.

The project, known as the Next-Generation Launch Vehicle (KSLV-III), marks a significant technological departure from the country’s existing Nuri rocket. While the Nuri relies on traditional kerosene engines and disposable stages, the new initiative prioritizes liquid methane technology and stage recovery, an approach popularized by industry leaders like SpaceX. The revised roadmap targets a drastic reduction in launch costs and aims to secure South Korea’s independent access to deep space.

Shift to Methane and Reusability

The core of the KSLV-III project is the transition from kerosene (Jet A-1) to a “methalox” system, a combination of liquid methane and liquid oxygen. Industry reports indicate that methane burns significantly cleaner than kerosene, producing less soot and residue (coking) in the engine. This characteristic is critical for reusable rockets, as it minimizes the refurbishment required between flights.

According to details released regarding the project, the new vehicle will feature an 80-ton-class methane engine. The design calls for a reusable first stage, similar to the operational concept of the Falcon 9, which will return to Earth for recovery. This reusability is central to KASA’s economic goals for the program.

“The project aims to develop a rocket capable of launching a lunar lander by 2032, utilizing technology similar to SpaceX…”

, Summary of KASA project goals

Cost Reduction Targets

Current estimates place the launch cost of the existing Nuri rocket at approximately 35 million won ($25,000) per kilogram. By transitioning to a reusable architecture, South Korea aims to reduce this figure tenfold. The program targets a launch cost of 3.5 million won ($2,500) per kilogram within a decade, with long-term ambitions to reach $1,000 per kilogram by the mid-2030s.

Development Timeline and Strategic Goals

The development schedule is aggressive, with KASA and its industry partners aiming to bridge the technological gap with established space powers in under ten years. The timeline outlined in recent reports includes several critical milestones:

  • 2026–2029: Detailed design, ground testing of methane engines, and system integration.
  • Late 2031: First test launch of the KSLV-III.
  • 2032: Second flight test and the official mission to launch a 1.8-ton robotic lander to the Moon.
  • 2035: Full commercial operation readiness.

The KSLV-III is designed to lift approximately 10 tons to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), roughly triple the capacity of the current Nuri vehicle. This increased payload capacity is essential for deploying constellations of commercial satellites and supporting future lunar exploration missions.

Industry Partnership Model

Unlike previous state-led initiatives, the KSLV-III project emphasizes a public-private partnership model to foster a domestic space ecosystem. Manufacturers Hanwha Aerospace has been selected as the System Integrator, effectively acting as the prime contractor responsible for manufacturing and operations. This role mirrors the commercial prime contractor model seen in the United States and Europe.

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Additionally, a consortium involving Korean Air and Hyundai Rotem will focus on developing core components. Korean Air is tasked with turbopump development, while Hyundai Rotem will handle combustion chamber and power pack testing. This collaborative approach is intended to distribute technical risk and accelerate the acquisition of critical technologies.

AirPro News Analysis

The decision to switch to methane is a pragmatic recognition of the “New Space” reality. Had South Korea continued with the originally planned kerosene-based evolution of the Nuri, the resulting vehicle would likely have been commercially obsolete by the time it reached the pad in 2032. In a market dominated by SpaceX’s Falcon 9 and the upcoming Starship, as well as Chinese commercial entities developing methalox rockets like the Zhuque-2, expendable kerosene rockets are rapidly becoming niche vehicles.

However, the timeline remains a significant risk factor. Developing a high-performance staged-combustion methane engine from scratch is a formidable engineering challenge. While the budget increase to 2.3 trillion won provides necessary resources, the “bumpy start” involving design changes and intellectual property discussions suggests that maintaining the 2032 lunar deadline will require flawless execution from the Hanwha-led consortium.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is South Korea switching from kerosene to methane?
Methane offers higher efficiency (specific impulse) and burns cleaner than kerosene. This reduces engine residue, making it the preferred fuel for reusable rockets that need to fly multiple times with minimal maintenance.

What is the payload capacity of the new rocket?
The KSLV-III is designed to carry approximately 10 tons to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and about 1.8 tons to a Lunar Transfer Orbit (LTO), sufficient for a robotic lunar lander.

When will the rocket launch?
The first test launch is scheduled for late 2031, with a lunar landing mission targeted for 2032.

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Photo Credit: Ministry of Science and ICT

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Sodern Opens First US Facility in Colorado for Star Tracker Production

Sodern launches its first US industrial subsidiary in Colorado, producing Auriga™ star trackers and expanding in the US aerospace market.

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This article is based on an official press release from Sodern.

Sodern, a prominent French manufacturer of space equipment and a subsidiary of ArianeGroup, has officially inaugurated its first United States industrial subsidiary, Sodern America. Located in Englewood, Colorado, the new facility marks a significant strategic expansion for the European aerospace giant, representing ArianeGroup’s first industrial installation on American soil.

According to the company’s announcement, the opening of Sodern America is designed to bring the manufacturer closer to its U.S. client base and navigate domestic regulatory requirements. The move positions Sodern to compete directly with established American firms in the defense and commercial space sectors by establishing a local supply chain and production capability.

Facility Capabilities and Strategic Location

The new subsidiary is situated in the Denver metropolitan area, a region widely recognized as a major hub for the U.S. aerospace industry. The facility spans approximately 14,000 square feet (1,300 square meters) and is equipped to handle manufacturing, testing, and commercial support.

In its official statement, Sodern outlined the specific operational capabilities of the Englewood site:

  • Manufacturing: The facility includes a dedicated production line for the Auriga™ star tracker, a key component used for satellite orientation.
  • Testing: The site features advanced clean rooms and testing infrastructure designed for high-performance trackers, including the Hydra™ model.
  • Support: A local team and showroom will provide technical support and sales services to U.S. customers, aiming to reduce lead times and logistics costs.

By establishing this physical presence, Sodern aims to address the “dynamic and demanding” nature of the U.S. market, ensuring that critical components are available with shorter supply-chains than those requiring import from Europe.

Leadership and Market Objectives

To lead the new subsidiary, Sodern has appointed Tiphaine Louradour as the CEO of Sodern America. Louradour brings over 25 years of experience in the space industry, having held significant leadership roles at major U.S. aerospace organizations.

According to biographical details released in conjunction with the announcement, Louradour’s background includes serving as CEO of Spaceflight Inc., President of International Launch Services (ILS), and President of Global Commercial Sales at United Launch Alliance (ULA). Her appointment signals Sodern’s intent to leverage deep ties within the U.S. space industrial base to secure new contracts.

Navigating “Buy American” Regulations

A primary driver for this expansion, as noted in the company’s strategic rationale, is compliance with U.S. regulatory frameworks. Foreign entities often face barriers when bidding for U.S. government defense and civil space contracts due to strict domestic content requirements, often referred to as “Buy American” mandates.

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By manufacturing the Auriga™ star tracker and conducting testing in Colorado, Sodern America intends to qualify for sensitive programs that are typically restricted to U.S. entities. This local status allows the company to bypass previous regulatory hurdles and compete on equal footing with domestic manufacturers.

AirPro News Analysis: The Competitive Landscape

The entry of Sodern America into the Colorado aerospace cluster places it in direct proximity to some of its fiercest competitors. The Denver area is home to Blue Canyon Technologies (a subsidiary of RTX), which is a market leader in small satellite components and star trackers. Additionally, Ball Aerospace (now part of BAE Systems Space & Mission Systems) and Honeywell Aerospace maintain significant operations in the region.

Sodern is already a supplier for major U.S. stakeholders, including NASA, providing instruments for the InSight Mars mission and the Europa Clipper, and the OneWeb constellation. However, establishing a manufacturing foothold suggests a shift from being an exporter to becoming an embedded part of the U.S. supply chain. This move is likely to intensify competition in the optical sensors market, particularly as satellite constellations continue to scale.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Sodern America?
Sodern America is the new U.S. subsidiary of the French space equipment manufacturer Sodern. It is the company’s first industrial facility in the United States.

Where is the new facility located?
The facility is located in Englewood, Colorado, within the Denver metropolitan area.

What will be manufactured at the new site?
The site will feature a production line for Auriga™ star trackers and testing facilities for Hydra™ star trackers.

Who is the CEO of Sodern America?
Tiphaine Louradour, a veteran aerospace executive with previous leadership roles at Spaceflight Inc. and ULA, has been appointed as CEO.

Why did Sodern open a U.S. factory?
The expansion aims to bypass “Buy American” regulatory hurdles, shorten supply chains for U.S. clients, and allow the company to bid on U.S. government defense contracts.

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Photo Credit: Sodern

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Isar Aerospace Opens Acceptance Test Facility at Esrange Space Center

Isar Aerospace launches a new test site at Esrange, Sweden, to support industrial-scale production of Spectrum rocket ahead of March 2026 flight.

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This article is based on an official press release from Isar Aerospace.

Isar Aerospace has officially inaugurated a new acceptance test facility at the Esrange Space Center in Kiruna, Sweden. Announced on February 4, 2026, the opening marks a significant transition for the Munich-based launch provider as it shifts focus from prototype development to the industrial-scale production of its Spectrum launch vehicle.

The new site is purpose-built to verify the flight readiness of manufactured hardware, a critical step in ensuring high-cadence Launch operations. According to the company, the facility is designed to test over 30 Aquila engines per month, alongside fully integrated rocket stages. This infrastructure expansion comes just weeks before Isar Aerospace attempts its second Test-Flights, mission “Onward and Upward,” scheduled to First-Flight from Andøya Spaceport in Norway in March 2026.

Industrializing Launch Capabilities

Unlike development testing, which focuses on validating design concepts, acceptance testing is the final quality control step before hardware is shipped to the launch pad. Isar Aerospace stated in their press release that the new facility is specifically engineered to remove production bottlenecks. By securing dedicated infrastructure for acceptance testing, the company aims to ensure that every engine and stage coming off the assembly line is immediately qualified for flight.

The facility operates alongside Isar’s existing vertical test stand (VTS-2) at Esrange, which has been utilized for development testing since 2019. The addition of the new site allows for parallel operations: R&D can continue on the vertical stand while the new facility handles the volume required for serial production.

“Scaling reliable access to space requires not only advanced launch vehicle design but also the right infrastructure to support rapid development and production. With our second test facility at Esrange, we are unlocking new capabilities and accelerating our progress.”

, Daniel Metzler, CEO & Co-Founder, Isar Aerospace

Capacity and Specs

The new infrastructure significantly increases the company’s throughput. Isar Aerospace reports that the site is equipped to handle the acceptance testing of more than 30 Aquila engines monthly. Furthermore, the site supports integrated stage testing, allowing engineers to verify the entire rocket stage as a cohesive unit before it leaves Sweden.

Strategic Context: The Race for European Sovereignty

The opening of this facility highlights the intensifying race among European launch Startups to provide sovereign access to space. Isar Aerospace is competing with peers such as Rocket Factory Augsburg (RFA) and Orbex to fill the gap in Europe’s launch market. By vertically integrating its testing capabilities, Isar Aerospace reduces reliance on shared facilities, potentially giving it an advantage in scheduling and launch cadence.

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Swedish Space Corporation (SSC), which operates Esrange, emphasized the importance of this Partnerships for the broader European ecosystem.

“This new facility strengthens Europe’s path toward scalable and reliable access to space… Together, we are building the infrastructure that will enable a new generation of launch services.”

, Mats Tyni, Director of Business Development, SSC

AirPro News Analysis

The distinction between “development” and “acceptance” testing is often overlooked, yet it is the primary hurdle for launch companies moving from a single successful flight to a commercial service. In our view, Isar Aerospace’s Investments in a high-volume acceptance facility signals confidence in their hardware design. It suggests the company believes the Aquila engine design is mature enough to freeze for mass production. If the upcoming March 2026 flight is successful, this infrastructure will be the key enabler that allows them to fulfill their backlog without the testing bottlenecks that have historically plagued the industry.

Upcoming Mission: “Onward and Upward”

The facility inauguration serves as a prelude to Isar Aerospace’s next major milestone. The company confirmed that its second test flight, dubbed “Onward and Upward,” is targeted for a launch window in March 2026. This mission will utilize the Spectrum vehicle, a two-stage rocket designed to carry up to 1,000 kg to Low Earth Orbit (LEO).

The Spectrum vehicle relies on the Aquila engines tested at Esrange, which utilize Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Propane. Following a flight termination during the first test launch in March 2025, the company has conducted extensive hot-fire tests to validate system corrections. The new acceptance facility will likely play a central role in qualifying engines for vehicles 3 through 7, which are currently planned for concurrent production.


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Photo Credit: Isar Aerospace

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SpaceX Crew-12 Arrives in Florida for February ISS Launch

Crew-12 astronauts from NASA, ESA, and Roscosmos arrive at Kennedy Space Center ahead of their February 11 launch to the ISS aboard SpaceX Crew Dragon.

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This article is based on an official press release from NASA and additional mission data from ESA and Roscosmos.

Crew-12 Astronauts Touch Down in Florida Ahead of February 11 Launch

The four-member crew of the SpaceX Crew-12 mission arrived at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida on Friday, February 6, 2026, marking the final operational milestone before their scheduled Launch to the International Space Station (ISS). Flying in from the Johnson Space Center in Houston, the international team of astronauts landed at the Launch and Landing Facility to commence final preparations and mandatory quarantine protocols.

According to NASA, the mission is targeted to lift off on Wednesday, February 11, 2026, at 6:01 a.m. EST. The crew will ride aboard the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft named Freedom, propelled by a Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. This flight represents a continuation of the Commercial Crew Program’s efforts to maintain a continuous human presence in low-Earth orbit.

The arrival of Crew-12 is operationally critical for the ISS, which has recently functioned with a reduced staff due to schedule shifts and medical evaluations. The successful docking of Crew-12, targeted for approximately 10:30 a.m. EST on February 12, will restore the orbiting laboratory to its full complement of seven astronauts, stabilizing maintenance rosters and scientific output for Expeditions 74 and 75.

Mission Profile and Timeline

The Crew-12 mission brings together representatives from three major Space-Agencies: NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and Roscosmos. The mission duration is expected to last approximately nine months, during which the crew will conduct hundreds of scientific experiments and technology demonstrations.

In an official statement regarding the mission’s scope, NASA noted:

“Crew-12 will conduct scientific investigations and technology demonstrations to help prepare humans for future exploration missions to the Moon and Mars, as well as benefit people on Earth.”

Following the launch on February 11, the crew will execute a 28-hour rendezvous profile before docking with the ISS. Once aboard, they will overlap briefly with the departing crew before settling into a long-duration stay focused on deep space biology, material science, and Earth observation.

Meet the Crew-12 Astronauts

The manifest for Crew-12 features a blend of veteran leadership and rookie talent, including two American astronauts, one French astronaut, and one Russian cosmonaut.

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Commander Jessica Meir (NASA)

Leading the mission is veteran astronaut Jessica Meir. Meir previously served on Expedition 61/62 in 2019 and 2020, where she gained global recognition for participating in the first all-female spacewalk alongside Christina Koch. A dual American-Swedish citizen, Meir holds a Doctorate in Marine Biology from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Her scientific background includes extensive research on animal physiology in extreme environments, such as emperor penguins in Antarctica. As Mission Commander, she is responsible for all phases of flight, from launch to re-entry.

Pilot Jack Hathaway (NASA)

Seated alongside Meir is mission pilot Jack Hathaway, making his first trip to space. Selected as a NASA astronaut candidate in 2021, Hathaway brings extensive aviation experience as a Commander in the U.S. Navy. He is a distinguished graduate of the Empire Test Pilots’ School and has logged over 2,500 flight hours in more than 30 types of aircraft. His role on Crew-12 involves monitoring vehicle systems and performance during the dynamic phases of flight.

Mission Specialist Sophie Adenot (ESA)

Representing the European Space Agency is Mission Specialist Sophie Adenot. A Lieutenant Colonel in the French Air and Space Force and a helicopter test pilot, Adenot was selected as an ESA astronaut in 2022. She becomes the second French woman to fly to space, following Claudie Haigneré’s mission in 1996. Adenot’s individual mission is designated “Epsilon.”

Commenting on the significance of her role, Adenot stated:

“With this Epsilon mission, France and Europe are contributing to a global endeavor. Space exploration connects science, economy, technology, education, and diplomacy.”

Mission Specialist Andrey Fedyaev (Roscosmos)

Rounding out the crew is Roscosmos cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev. This flight marks his second journey to the ISS, having previously flown on the SpaceX Crew-6 mission from March to September 2023. Fedyaev’s inclusion in the crew is notable for making him the first Russian cosmonaut to fly twice on a SpaceX Dragon vehicle. He is tasked with monitoring launch and re-entry phases and managing cargo operations aboard the station.

Operational Context and Late Adjustments

Upon their arrival in Florida, the crew immediately entered the Neil A. Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building to begin the standard pre-flight quarantine. This health stabilization protocol, a legacy of the Apollo era, is designed to ensure that no viral or bacterial illnesses are transported to the closed environment of the ISS.

Late Crew Change

The composition of Crew-12 underwent a significant adjustment late in the training flow. In December 2025, Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev was removed from the manifest and replaced by Andrey Fedyaev. While Roscosmos officially cited a “transition to other work” as the reason for the swap, industry reports have suggested the change may have been influenced by internal Regulations. Fedyaev’s previous experience on the Crew-6 mission allowed him to step into the role with a compressed training timeline, ensuring the mission schedule remained on track.

AirPro News Analysis

The integration of Andrey Fedyaev into Crew-12 highlights the increasing maturity and interoperability of the Commercial Crew Program. In previous eras of spaceflight, a crew change less than three months before launch could have resulted in significant delays. However, the standardization of the SpaceX Crew Dragon platform allows veteran flyers like Fedyaev to retain currency and step into rotation with reduced lead time.

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Furthermore, the launch of Crew-12 is pivotal for ISS operations. The station has faced a period of flux regarding crew numbers, and the return to a seven-person staff is essential for clearing the backlog of maintenance tasks and maximizing the scientific return of the orbiting laboratory before the transition to commercial space stations begins later in the decade.

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Photo Credit: NASA

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