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LandSpace’s Zhuque-3 Test Advances China’s Reusable Rocket Goals

LandSpace’s Zhuque-3 reusable rocket completes a successful static fire test, validating propulsion systems for its Q4 2025 maiden flight, advancing China’s commercial space ambitions.

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Introduction

On June 20, 2025, LandSpace, a leading Chinese private aerospace company, successfully conducted a static fire test of the first-stage propulsion system for its Zhuque-3 (ZQ-3) reusable rocket. This milestone marks a critical step in China’s efforts to develop cost-effective, reusable launch vehicles, aligning with global trends led by companies like SpaceX.

The test, executed at the Dongfeng Commercial Space Innovation Test Zone near Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, involved nine Tianque-12A methane-liquid oxygen engines firing for 45 seconds. It simulated flight conditions, validating technologies like multi-engine synchronization and subsystem integration. As China advances its commercial space capabilities, this test underscores LandSpace’s role in the global space race.

Engineering and Execution of the Zhuque-3 Propulsion Test

Technical Setup and Objectives

The test used a flight-configured first stage of Zhuque-3, powered by nine Tianque-12A methalox engines. These engines, designed for deep throttling and multiple ignitions, support controlled descent and reusability. The test sequence included propellant loading, tank pressurization, staggered ignition, stable burn, attitude control, and programmed shutdown, with all systems performing as expected.

The test validated compatibility between subsystems, including avionics, structures, and ground support systems. A specialized test bench ensured safety and precision, while rigorous pre-test reviews and emergency protocols reflected LandSpace’s commitment to quality. The 45-second burn demonstrated engine reliability and synchronization, critical for the rocket’s upcoming maiden flight.

“The test was carried out under conditions highly consistent with the actual flight state, achieving the expected results,” said Dai Zheng, Chief Commander of Zhuque-3.

Breakthroughs in Propulsion Technology

This test represents China’s most advanced liquid methalox engine cluster test, overcoming challenges like combustion stability in dense engine configurations. The Tianque-12A engine, an evolution of the TQ-12 used in Zhuque-2, offers improved thrust and efficiency, enhancing fuel economy and launch affordability.

Zhuque-3’s stainless-steel construction, similar to SpaceX’s Starship, ensures thermal resilience during re-entry and simplifies maintenance. Combined with modular engine design, this enables rapid turnaround between flights, a key factor for high-frequency launches and cost reduction.

Strategic Implications and Industry Context

China’s Push for Reusable Launch Capability

The Zhuque-3 test aligns with China’s strategy to build a competitive commercial space sector. Since 2014 policy reforms, private companies like LandSpace, founded in 2015, have driven innovation in methane propulsion, which offers cleaner combustion and better performance than RP-1 kerosene. Zhuque-2, the first methalox rocket to reach orbit, set the stage for Zhuque-3’s ambitions.

Zhuque-3, designed for at least 20 reuses, aims to significantly reduce launch costs compared to Zhuque-2. It supports recovery via drone-ship landings or return-to-launch-site operations, enhancing mission flexibility. Significant investments in manufacturing facilities in Jiaxing and Huzhou bolster LandSpace’s production capacity, supported by national infrastructure.

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Global Competitive Landscape

LandSpace competes in a dynamic global launch market. While geopolitical factors limit access to Western clients, it targets global markets through partnerships. Zhuque-3’s competitive pricing positions it as an option for emerging space nations in Southeast Asia and beyond.

Technologically, LandSpace trails SpaceX by several years in reusable launch experience but surpasses many European and Japanese programs due to its methane expertise and rapid development. Zhuque-3’s 2025–2026 manifest includes domestic satellite launches, supporting China’s Guowang constellation and competing with global mega-constellations like Starlink.

Conclusion

The successful Zhuque-3 propulsion test is a pivotal milestone for China’s commercial space sector. It validates reusable rocket technologies and positions LandSpace for its maiden flight in Q4 2025, with recovery attempts planned for 2026. The test highlights the synergy of private innovation and state support driving China’s space ambitions.

As global demand for affordable, high-frequency launches grows, LandSpace’s progress in reusability could reshape the launch market. Zhuque-3’s success signals a future of cost-efficient space access, with LandSpace poised to play a key role in the next era of space exploration.

FAQ

What is the Zhuque-3 rocket?
Zhuque-3 is a reusable launch vehicle developed by LandSpace, designed to lower launch costs using methane-fueled propulsion and reusable technology.

What engines power Zhuque-3?
It uses nine Tianque-12A engines, burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen, optimized for throttling and multiple ignitions.

When is Zhuque-3’s first flight?
The maiden flight is planned for Q4 2025, with operational reusability targeted for 2026.

How does Zhuque-3 compare to SpaceX’s Falcon 9?
Zhuque-3 aims for similar reusability and cost efficiency but lags in flight experience, though it offers competitive pricing.

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Why use methane as a propellant?
Methane provides cleaner combustion, higher efficiency, and better reusability compared to RP-1 kerosene.

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Photo Credit: Landscape

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Singapore Airshow 2026 Launches Space Summit and New Features

Singapore Airshow 2026 expands with inaugural Space Summit, sustainability focus, and advanced defense technologies from Feb 3-8.

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Singapore Airshow 2026 to Launch “New Frontiers” with Inaugural Space Summit

The Singapore Airshow will return to the Changi Exhibition Centre from February 3 to 8, 2026, marking its 10th edition with a significant expansion into the commercial space sector. According to an official press release from the organizers, Experia Events, the biennial event will celebrate its 20th anniversary under the theme “New Frontiers in Aviation and Space.”

As one of the most influential aerospace and defense exhibitions in the Asia-Pacific region, the 2026 edition aims to bring together over 1,000 participating companies from more than 50 countries. The event will feature a strategic evolution from traditional aviation to include the rapidly growing space economy, alongside a continued focus on sustainability and advanced defense technologies.

Expanding into the Space Economy

For the first time, the Airshow will host the Space Summit 2026, a dedicated event running from February 2 to 3 at the Sands Expo and Convention Centre. This summit is designed to position Singapore as a central hub for space dialogue in the region, covering topics such as space infrastructure, investment, and the “in-space economy.”

Organizers highlighted the economic potential of this sector, citing McKinsey projections that the global space economy could reach $1.8 trillion by 2035. The summit is organized in partnership with the Office for Space Technology & Industry (OSTIn) and will feature leaders from global space agencies and commercial enterprises.

“Space technologies are becoming increasingly integral to our economy… The Space Summit@Singapore Airshow in 2026 provides a timely platform to spotlight Singapore’s capabilities in innovation and foster global partnerships across the space value chain.”

, Mr. Jonathan Hung, Executive Director, Office for Space Technology & Industry (OSTIn)

Sustainability and Advanced Defense

While expanding into space, the Airshow maintains its core focus on decarbonization and defense. The 2026 edition will spotlight Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and net-zero initiatives, with Neste returning as the Sustainable Aviation Partner to address supply chain adoption.

In the defense sector, the exhibition will showcase “next-generation” technologies, specifically highlighting companies specializing in artificial intelligence and autonomy, such as Helsing, Quantum, and Shield AI. The event will also feature expanded zones for digital aviation and Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), reflecting the region’s growing interest in electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft.

AirPro News Analysis

The decision to formally integrate a Space Summit into the Singapore Airshow reflects a broader industry trend where the lines between traditional aerospace and the commercial space sector are blurring. By anchoring the event with a dedicated space summit, Singapore is likely attempting to replicate its success as an aviation hub in the nascent “New Space” market. This move allows the Airshow to remain relevant as defense budgets increasingly allocate funds to satellite infrastructure and space-based assets, ensuring the event appeals to a wider array of investors and policymakers beyond conventional aircraft manufacturers.

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A Milestone Year for the Industry

The 2026 event marks two decades since the Airshow’s inception in 2008. The organizers report that the previous edition in 2024 signaled a full recovery from the pandemic, attracting approximately 60,000 trade attendees and generating a record S$391 million in economic impact. Experia Events expects the 10th edition to match or exceed these figures, driven by the Asia-Pacific region’s demand for new aircraft.

“Reaching our 10th edition is a significant milestone for Singapore Airshow. Over the past two decades, the Airshow has evolved alongside the industry… In 2026, we are proud to expand our horizons further with new features and partnerships that reflect the industry’s transformation.”

, Mr. Leck Chet Lam, Managing Director of Experia Events

Frequently Asked Questions

  • When is the Singapore Airshow 2026? The main event runs from February 3–8, 2026. Trade days are February 3–6, while public days (Weekend@Airshow) are February 7–8.
  • Where will the event be held? The main exhibition is at the Changi Exhibition Centre, while the Space Summit will be held at the Sands Expo and Convention Centre.
  • Who can attend? The first four days are reserved for trade attendees and government delegations. The final two days are open to the public.

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Photo Credit: Secretary of the Air Force International Affairs

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SpaceX Plans $1.5 Trillion IPO with $30 Billion Raise in 2026

SpaceX aims for a $1.5 trillion valuation IPO in 2026, raising over $30 billion by listing Starlink and launch units as one entity.

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This article summarizes reporting by Reuters and Bloomberg News.

SpaceX Reportedly Targets Record-Breaking $1.5 Trillion IPO for 2026

SpaceX is reportedly preparing for a historic initial public offering (IPO) as early as mid-to-late 2026, targeting a valuation of approximately $1.5 trillion. According to reporting by Bloomberg News, summarized by Reuters, the aerospace giant aims to raise over $30 billion in the listing. If successful, this move would surpass Saudi Aramco’s 2019 record to become the largest IPO in history.

The reported strategy marks a significant shift from previous speculation, which focused largely on spinning off the Starlink satellite internet unit as a separate public entity. Instead, reports indicate a “whole-company” approach designed to leverage Starlink’s revenue to fund the capital-intensive development of the Starship rocket and Elon Musk’s long-term Mars colonization goals.

Financial Projections and Valuation

According to the reporting, the targeted $1.5 trillion valuation would place SpaceX in the upper echelon of global companies, rivaling tech giants like Amazon, Alphabet, and NVIDIA. The projected capital raise of more than $30 billion would provide the company with a massive war chest to accelerate its dual focus on global connectivity and interplanetary transport.

Market analysis suggests that Starlink is the primary engine driving this valuation. Reports indicate that Starlink is projected to generate approximately $12 billion in revenue in 2025 alone, surpassing the company’s traditional launch business. By 2026, total company revenue is projected to reach between $22 billion and $24 billion.

Strategic Rationale

Industry observers note that keeping the company consolidated offers distinct advantages. By listing the entire entity, SpaceX can utilize the strong cash flow from Starlink, which now boasts over 5 million active users, to subsidize the Starship program without the complexities of inter-company transfer pricing that a spin-off would require.

Musk’s Denial and Market Context

It is crucial to distinguish between recent reports of a capital raise and the long-term IPO plan. On December 7, 2025, Elon Musk addressed rumors regarding a secondary market valuation of $800 billion.

“Not accurate.”, Elon Musk, via X (formerly Twitter), regarding reports of an immediate capital raise at an $800 billion valuation.

Musk emphasized that SpaceX is cash-flow positive and currently conducts stock buybacks to provide liquidity to employees, rather than seeking new external funding. However, the Bloomberg report regarding the 2026 IPO emerged after these comments. Analysts suggest that while SpaceX may not need cash today, a 2026 IPO represents a future liquidity event and a strategic capital injection for the expensive Mars infrastructure required in the late 2020s.

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Competitive and Regulatory Landscape

As SpaceX approaches a potential public listing, it faces intensifying competition and regulatory scrutiny. The company’s “Direct-to-Cell” ambitions for Starlink are currently under review by the FCC regarding potential interference with terrestrial networks. Simultaneously, Amazon’s Project Kuiper is expected to launch commercial services in 2026, backed by deep integration with Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Furthermore, the company’s defense arm, Starshield, has secured significant government Contracts, including a reported $1.8 billion agreement with the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO). This dual role as a civilian utility and a defense contractor adds a layer of geopolitical complexity to the company’s public profile.

AirPro News Analysis

The “Mars Bank Account” Strategy

We view the shift toward a whole-company IPO as a definitive signal that Elon Musk intends to lock in the funding required for Mars colonization before the decade is out. While a Starlink spin-off would have unlocked immediate shareholder value, it would have left the Starship program, a massive capital sink, financially isolated. By keeping the entities together, Musk creates a conglomerate where the profitable utility (Starlink) eternally funds the exploratory ambition (Starship).

Investors in a 2026 IPO will essentially be buying into a “sovereign state” starter kit: a global telecom monopoly, a heavy logistics monopoly, and a defense prime, all wrapped in a single ticker symbol. The challenge for the board will be managing the volatility of a public stock while pursuing multi-decade goals that often defy quarterly earnings logic.

Frequently Asked Questions

When is the SpaceX IPO expected?
Current reporting suggests mid-to-late 2026, though slippage into 2027 is possible depending on market conditions.

Will Starlink be a separate stock?
While previously rumored, current reports indicate SpaceX will list as a single consolidated entity, keeping Starlink and the launch business together.

How much is SpaceX worth?
The company is targeting a valuation of approximately $1.5 trillion for the IPO. Recent private market discussions have fluctuated, with some reports citing figures around $800 billion, though these specific figures were disputed by Musk.

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Photo Credit: SpaceX

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SpaceX Starbase Drives 13 Billion Economic Impact in South Texas

SpaceX’s Starbase in South Texas generates a $13 billion economic output and supports 24,000 jobs, boosting local supply chains and infrastructure.

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The Economic Transformation of South Texas

The economic landscape of South Texas, particularly within Cameron County and the Rio Grande Valley, has undergone a significant shift in recent years. Once primarily defined by agriculture, tourism, and cross-border trade, the region has rapidly evolved into a focal point for the global aerospace industry. We are observing a transition driven largely by the expansion of operations at Starbase, the launch facility developed by SpaceX at Boca Chica. New data released by county officials indicates that this development is no longer a speculative project but a dominant economic engine for the area.

According to a report released in October 2025 by Cameron County, the cumulative economic influence of this aerospace activity is projected to reach substantial heights over the 2024–2026 period. The data suggests a gross economic output of $13 billion, a figure that encompasses the total economic activity generated by the company’s presence, including supply chain operations and consumer spending. This projection marks a notable acceleration from previous years, coinciding with increased launch frequencies and the relocation of corporate headquarters to the state.

The significance of these figures extends beyond corporate revenue. The report highlights a direct correlation between the aerospace activities and regional employment stability. With thousands of jobs now tied to the sector, the Rio Grande Valley is experiencing a diversification of its labor market. We see this as a critical development for a region that has historically sought to broaden its industrial base. The influx of capital and the demand for skilled labor are reshaping the local economy, creating a ripple effect that touches various sectors from construction to hospitality.

Analyzing the $13 Billion Impact and Job Creation

To understand the magnitude of the reported $13 billion gross economic output, it is essential to break down the specific metrics provided in the county’s report. This figure represents the total value of sales and revenue generated across the entire supply chain, rather than just the value-added Gross Domestic Product (GDP). For context, the annual GDP of Cameron County typically ranges between $10 billion and $15 billion. Consequently, the projected output from Starbase indicates that the facility has become a primary pillar of the regional economy, driving a double-digit percentage of the county’s overall economic activity.

Employment statistics offer a granular view of this impact. The data reveals that the facility supported a total of 24,000 jobs in 2024 and 2025. This total is composed of both direct employees and indirect roles supported by the ecosystem. Specifically, the number of direct full-time employees and contractors at Starbase rose to 4,300, a 26% increase from the approximately 3,400 reported in the previous year. These roles often command higher wages compared to the regional median, contributing to increased purchasing power within the local community.

The indirect employment figures are equally telling, with approximately 20,000 jobs supported across the region. These roles span a wide array of industries, including logistics, manufacturing support, and service sectors. The report also notes that this economic activity generated $305 million in indirect tax revenue for local and state governments. This revenue stream is vital for public services and infrastructure maintenance, suggesting that the private investment is translating into tangible public fiscal benefits.

“Their commitment to our region has transformed our local economy, from high-skill job creation to critical infrastructure improvements. While Starbase operates close to the coast, every city in Cameron County and the Rio Grande Valley shares in the benefits.”, Judge Eddie Treviño Jr., Cameron County Judge.

Supply Chain Expansion and Infrastructure Investment

A critical component of the economic surge is the rapid expansion of the local supply chain. We have noted a sharp increase in the number of local businesses engaging directly with the aerospace sector. The report indicates that spending with local suppliers in the Rio Grande Valley grew to $147 million, up from $90 million in the previous assessment. The network of local suppliers has expanded from 80 to over 350 entities. This 337% increase in local vendor participation demonstrates that the economic benefits are permeating the small business community rather than remaining isolated within the launch facility.

Infrastructure development has paralleled this commercial growth. To date, over $3 billion has been invested in infrastructure at the Starbase site. This capital injection has necessitated upgrades to public utilities and road networks, accelerating modernization efforts in the surrounding areas. The physical transformation of the landscape is evident, with new facilities and improved logistics networks designed to support heavy industry. These improvements, while driven by corporate needs, often leave a lasting legacy of enhanced capacity for the county.

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Tourism also plays a distinct role in this economic equation. The spectacle of orbital launches has created a unique tourism niche for South Texas. Estimates suggest an annual economic impact of $99 million from tourism alone, with single launch events drawing upwards of 20,000 visitors. This influx provides a periodic but significant boost to local hotels, restaurants, and retail establishments, helping to smooth out seasonal fluctuations in the traditional tourism cycle.

Regional Challenges and Future Outlook

While the economic indicators are largely positive, the rapid pace of development brings specific challenges that the region must navigate. The influx of high-wage engineers and technicians has increased demand for housing, impacting property values. While rising property values can benefit homeowners, they raise concerns regarding affordability for long-time residents. The median household income in Cameron County has historically been around $51,000, significantly lower than the salaries commanded in the aerospace sector. We must acknowledge that balancing this growth with affordability remains a complex issue for local planners.

Despite these challenges, the broader trajectory points toward sustained industrial growth. The Brownsville-Harlingen Metropolitan Statistical Area was recently ranked the number one “Leading Metro Location” for 2024 by Area Development magazine, a recognition explicitly attributed to the “SpaceX effect.” Furthermore, with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approving up to 25 annual launches, the activity at Starbase appears to be shifting from a construction-heavy phase to a steady operational rhythm. This suggests that the economic figures reported are likely a new baseline rather than a temporary spike.

The decision to move the corporate headquarters from Hawthorne, California, to Starbase in July 2024 further solidifies this outlook. This move signals a long-term commitment to Texas, likely leading to further consolidation of executive and administrative functions in the region. As the “space economy” cements itself as a permanent industrial sector for Texas, the interplay between corporate expansion and regional development will continue to define the economic narrative of the Rio Grande Valley.

Concluding Section

The data released by Cameron County regarding the 2024–2026 period illustrates a profound economic restructuring of South Texas. With a projected gross economic output of $13 billion and support for 24,000 jobs, the aerospace sector has established itself as a cornerstone of the regional economy. The growth in local supply chain participation and the substantial tax revenue generated indicate that the impact is structural and widespread, reaching far beyond the immediate vicinity of the launch site.

Looking ahead, the region is poised to maintain its status as a key hub for the global aerospace industry. As launch cadences increase and infrastructure investments mature, the focus will likely shift toward managing the secondary effects of this growth, such as housing and urban planning. The transformation of the Rio Grande Valley serves as a case study in how high-tech industrial anchors can reshape local economies, offering both substantial opportunities and new challenges for the future.

FAQ

Question: What is the total economic impact of SpaceX on South Texas?
Answer: According to a report released by Cameron County in October 2025, the projected gross economic output for the 2024–2026 period is $13 billion.

Question: How many jobs has the company supported in the region?
Answer: The data indicates that a total of 24,000 direct and indirect jobs were supported in 2024 and 2025. This includes approximately 4,300 direct employees at Starbase and 20,000 indirect jobs in the wider region.

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Question: How has the local supply chain been affected?
Answer: The report highlights that spending with local suppliers in the Rio Grande Valley increased to $147 million, with the number of local suppliers growing from 80 to over 350.

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Photo Credit: RGV Aerial Photography

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