Defense & Military
US Trains Polish F-35 Pilots to Strengthen NATO Airpower
The 85th Fighter Group’s Arkansas-based program trains Polish pilots on F-35s, enhancing global defense collaboration and NATO readiness through shared training standards.
International F-35 Pilot Training: How the 85th Fighter Group is Shaping Global Airpower
The training of Poland’s first F-35 pilots by the U.S. Air Force’s 85th Fighter Group marks a significant milestone in global defense cooperation. As geopolitical tensions rise and military alliances become more critical, the ability to operate advanced fifth-generation fighter aircraft like the F-35A Lightning II is no longer a luxury, it’s a strategic necessity. This initiative not only enhances Poland’s air capabilities but also strengthens interoperability among NATO allies and other partner nations.
Located at Ebbing Air National Guard Base in Arkansas, the 85th Fighter Group was reactivated to support Foreign Military Sales (FMS) training operations. Its mission is to provide comprehensive, high-quality training to allied pilots, ensuring that they are mission-ready and capable of integrating seamlessly with U.S. and NATO forces. With countries like Finland, Germany, Switzerland, and Singapore also lined up for training, the program is rapidly becoming a cornerstone of international air defense collaboration.
Reactivation and Strategic Role of the 85th Fighter Group
Historical Context and Modern Revival
The 85th Fighter Group has a storied history dating back to its original activation in 1942. Initially formed as the 85th Bombardment Group (Light), it played a vital role in World War II training operations. After being deactivated post-war, the unit remained dormant until its strategic reactivation in 2023 under the 33rd Fighter Wing. This revival was driven by the increasing need for advanced fighter training in a world shifting toward fifth-generation air power.
The group’s reactivation is not merely symbolic, it reflects a broader shift in U.S. defense priorities. As the F-35 becomes the centerpiece of many allied air forces, the demand for skilled pilots capable of operating such complex aircraft has surged. By centralizing FMS training at Ebbing ANGB, the U.S. Air Force is responding to this demand with focused, scalable infrastructure.
According to Col. Nicholas Ihde, commander of the 85th Fighter Group, the activation allows the U.S. to “begin the build-up to full-time F-35 foreign military sales training operations,” laying the groundwork for enduring partnerships and enhanced global security.
“The relationships built amongst these countries will benefit global security for decades to come,” Col. Nicholas Ihde, 85th Fighter Group Commander
Infrastructure and Capacity Expansion
The choice of Ebbing ANGB as the primary training site was strategic. Previously, training was concentrated at Luke AFB and Hill AFB, but capacity and environmental constraints limited expansion. Ebbing offers the space and resources to accommodate a growing number of aircraft and students, with plans to house up to 36 F-35s.
Congress has backed this initiative with significant financial support. In November 2024, the Department of the Air Force selected Ebbing ANGB to host 12 additional F-35s, bringing the total to 36. These funds are being used to construct state-of-the-art training facilities, maintenance hangars, and mission planning centers.
By 2030, the total investment is projected to reach $1.2 billion, transforming Ebbing into a global hub for fifth-generation fighter training. This not only benefits military readiness but also stimulates local economies and strengthens civil-military relations.
Poland’s F-35 Program and Allied Integration
Strategic Procurement and Training Pipeline
Poland’s acquisition of 32 F-35A Block 4 aircraft in 2020, valued at $4.6 billion, represents the country’s largest defense procurement to date. Each aircraft, priced at approximately $87.3 million, comes equipped with advanced sensors, stealth capabilities, and networked warfare systems. This move aligns with Poland’s broader effort to modernize its air force and replace aging Soviet-era jets.
The training program for Polish pilots begins at Eglin AFB, Florida, where students undergo rigorous academic and simulator training. Using Full Mission Simulators and Mission Rehearsal Trainers, pilots learn essential skills like aerial refueling and emergency procedures before transitioning to live flight training at Ebbing ANGB.
In January 2025, Polish pilots began live flight operations at Ebbing, marking a significant milestone. A Polish student pilot emphasized that training in the U.S. builds more than just skills, it fosters trust and interoperability with American counterparts.
“Training here in the U.S. builds more than skills; it builds trust, interoperability, and a deep bond with our American counterparts,” Polish student pilot
Operational Milestones and Future Cohorts
The first Polish F-35A Lightning II flight was executed at Ebbing Air National Guard Base, Arkansas, on January 31, 2025. This marked a historic milestone for the 33rd Fighter Wing and the Foreign Military Sales program. According to Col. Ihde, the plan is to graduate six Polish pilots by the end of the year, with more cohorts already in progress.
Looking ahead, the training program will expand to include pilots from Finland, Germany, Switzerland, and Singapore. The Singaporean Air Force, for instance, is relocating both its F-35 and F-16 training programs from Luke AFB to Ebbing, further consolidating international training efforts.
These developments underscore the F-35’s role as a unifying platform for allied air forces. As more nations integrate the aircraft into their fleets, shared training ensures operational consistency and mutual support in joint missions.
Global Security Implications and Technological Innovation
Enhancing NATO Interoperability
The integration of F-35s into allied air forces enhances NATO’s collective deterrence capabilities. As of 2025, over 416 F-35s are operational across NATO member states. These aircraft act as force multipliers, enabling seamless communication and coordinated action during multinational operations.
The 85th Fighter Group’s training program directly supports NATO’s Connected Forces Initiative, which emphasizes multinational training and technological integration. By standardizing pilot training across partner nations, the program ensures that allied forces can operate cohesively in high-stakes environments.
This approach is particularly relevant in the context of strategic competition and emerging threats. Whether in Europe, the Indo-Pacific, or the Middle East, interoperability is key to maintaining a credible deterrent posture.
Simulation and Cost-Effective Training
Advanced simulation technologies play a critical role in the training pipeline. The Joint Simulation Environment (JSE) at Patuxent River, Maryland, allows pilots to engage in complex scenarios without the cost or risk of live flights. This capability is especially valuable given the high operational costs of the F-35.
Brig. Gen. Todd Canterbury, director of the Air Force’s F-35 Integration Office, noted that simulation provides “huge dividends” by reducing fuel and maintenance expenses while maximizing training effectiveness. Pilots can rehearse missions against realistic threat models, enhancing their readiness for real-world operations.
These innovations ensure that allied pilots receive cutting-edge instruction even amid budgetary constraints. As simulation technology continues to evolve, it will remain a cornerstone of international pilot training.
Conclusion
The 85th Fighter Group’s training of Poland’s first F-35 pilots’s a’s a’s a’s a blueprint for future international cooperation. By combining historical legacy, strategic foresight, and technological innovation, the program sets a new standard for allied airpower integration.
As more nations join the training pipeline and Ebbing ANGB expands its capabilities, the ripple effects will be felt across NATO and beyond. In an era defined by uncertainty, initiatives like this provide a stable foundation for collective security and shared prosperity.
FAQ
What is the purpose of the 85th Fighter Group?
The 85th Fighter Group trains foreign pilots on the F-35A Lightning II as part of the U.S. Foreign Military Sales program.
Which nations are participating in the program?
Current and upcoming participants include Poland, Finland, Germany, Switzerland, and Singapore.
Where does the training take place?
Training begins at Eglin AFB in Florida and concludes with live flight operations at Ebbing ANGB in Arkansas.
Sources: The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, Military Leak, Air & Space Forces Magazine
Photo Credit: LockheedMartin
Defense & Military
Lockheed Martin Signs 10-Year F-35 Framework for 850 Aircraft
A 10-year F-35 framework covers 850+ aircraft at 156/year, with Lockheed Martin committing $7B in self-funding pending Congressional approval.
Lockheed Martin Corporation and the U.S. Department of War have unveiled a 10-year framework agreement covering the production and sustainment of at least 850 F-35 Lightning II aircraft. Announced on October 22, 2026, the arrangement aims to replace the traditional annual contracting cycle with a long-term procurement model designed to stabilize the defense industrial base and generate volume-based cost savings.
In a press release issued by the manufacturer, Lockheed Martin detailed that the framework spans production Lots 21 through 30 and maintains a continued production rate of 156 aircraft per year. The agreement also mandates a minimum $7 billion private investment from Lockheed Martin to support the program, according to reporting by Breaking Defense.
Shifting procurement strategies
The framework agreement marks a departure from the year-by-year purchasing model that has characterized the F-35 program since its inception. By establishing a decade-long baseline, the U.S. government intends to allow the manufacturer and its supply chain to plan capital investments and bulk material purchases with greater certainty. The strategy is intended to reduce logistics bottlenecks and improve mission-capable rates across the global fleet.
The announcement coincides with Lockheed Martin reporting its third-quarter 2026 financial results. During the earnings period, the company noted it remained in active negotiations with the U.S. government on production contracts for F-35 Lots 20 and higher, with the explicit goal of transitioning to a stabilized procurement model.
Michael P. Duffey, Under Secretary of War for Acquisition and Sustainment, highlighted the strategic intent behind the long-term commitment.
We have fundamentally changed how we stabilize the American defense industrial base to produce at speed and scale. This agreement with Lockheed Martin proves it. By aligning financial incentives with actual performance, we are ensuring our warfighters are equipped with the lethal capabilities they need to fight and win.
Lockheed Martin Chairman, President and CEO Jim Taiclet stated that the extended horizon enables the company to address supply chain vulnerabilities.
This multiyear framework strengthens the way we can plan and invest in the F-35 enterprise. With the greater certainty that comes from the U.S. government’s transformative approach to F-35 production and sustainment, we can make the upfront investments needed to expand capacity, improve efficiency, and build a more resilient supply chain. That’s good for the taxpayer, good for our suppliers and, most importantly, good for the United States and its allies.
Program history and operational footprint
The F-35 Lightning II is a fifth-generation stealth multirole fighter developed to replace legacy tactical aircraft, including the F-16 and F/A-18. The program originated from the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) competition, which saw the X-35 prototype win the development contract in 2001. The aircraft completed its first flight on December 15, 2006.
Lockheed Martin produces the aircraft in three primary variants to meet different operational requirements. The F-35A is designed for conventional takeoff and landing, the F-35B features short takeoff and vertical landing capabilities, and the F-35C is engineered for carrier-based operations. The U.S. Air Force declared Initial Operational Capability (IOC) for the F-35A in August 2016.
The F-35 is currently the most-produced fifth-generation fighter globally. It is operated by the U.S. military and approximately 20 allied nations. The new framework agreement follows a major programmatic milestone achieved on March 12, 2024, when the U.S. Department of Defense officially approved Milestone C and Full Rate Production. That decision formally recognized that the manufacturer had demonstrated control of the manufacturing process alongside acceptable performance and reliability metrics.
Congressional hurdles and next steps
While the framework outlines the structure for the next decade of F-35 production, it is not yet a finalized, funded order. The total contract value and the per-aircraft price were not disclosed in the October 22 announcements.
The execution of the agreement remains strictly contingent upon the U.S. Congress granting multiyear procurement authority and passing the associated appropriations. In the coming months, the F-35 Joint Program Office (JPO) and Lockheed Martin will work to finalize specific contract terms, pricing structures, and delivery schedules ahead of a formal contract award.
AirPro News analysis
The transition from annual procurement to a decade-long framework represents a maturation phase for the F-35 program following its March 2024 Full Rate Production milestone. By securing a 10-year horizon, Lockheed Martin gains the leverage needed to negotiate bulk material purchases and secure lower-tier suppliers, which have historically been choke points for aircraft availability and sustainment.
We view the $7 billion self-funding requirement as a critical compromise. The U.S. Department of War is offering unprecedented revenue predictability, but in return, it is forcing the prime contractor to shoulder the upfront capital expenditure required to fix lingering sustainment bottlenecks. If successful, this framework could serve as a blueprint for future major defense acquisition programs, provided the U.S. Congress is willing to surrender the granular oversight inherent in annual budget approvals.
Photo Credit: Lockheed Martin
Defense & Military
AFRL and SpaceX Test Rocket Cargo Delivery With Starfall Capsule
AFRL and SpaceX tested military cargo delivery via a Starfall reentry capsule on Oct. 20, 2026, under the Rocket Cargo Vanguard program.
The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) successfully tested point-to-point military cargo delivery using a Starfall reentry capsule launched from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida on October 20, 2026.
The commercial rideshare mission advances the Department of the Air Force’s Rocket Cargo Vanguard program, an initiative designed to evaluate the viability of using large commercial liquid-propellant rockets to transport heavy military materiel globally in under one hour. The test focused on evaluating payload survivability and recovery systems during atmospheric reentry and splashdown.
Payload survivability and capsule specifications
In a press release detailing the October 20 launch, AFRL confirmed that the Starfall capsule carried specialized agile cargo pods designed by military researchers. These pods were equipped with instrumentation to measure temperature, shock, and vibration throughout the launch, reentry, and recovery phases. The data collection is critical for validating that sensitive military electronics and medical supplies can survive the extreme thermal and acoustic environments generated during atmospheric reentry.
The payload included representative mission equipment to simulate a real-world tactical delivery. Inside the pods, engineers packed a satellite communications tracker, batteries, a reverse osmosis desalinator, survival gear, and emergency medical equipment. The mission also included a fit check of a UNI-PAC III life raft inside the capsule, evaluating the system’s potential for future maritime rescue operations.
According to technical specifications reported by The Defence Blog, the uncrewed SpaceX Starfall reentry capsule is designed as a squat disk measuring approximately 3.1 meters (10 feet) in diameter and 2.5 feet thick. The vehicle has an approximate total weight of 2,100 kilograms (4,600 pounds) and is capable of returning up to 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) of payload to Earth under a parachute recovery system.
Brig. Gen. Douglas P. Wickert, Department of the Air Force Technology Executive Officer and AFRL commander, highlighted the operational focus of the test.
“Today’s launch was another demonstration of how AFRL is partnering with industry to burn down risk, collect hard data and deliver war-winning technologies for the operational force,” Wickert stated.
Regulatory clearance and the Rocket Cargo Vanguard program
The October 2026 test builds upon regulatory and technical milestones achieved earlier in the year. The San Antonio Express-News reported that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) concluded an environmental review in June 2026, determining that landing Starfall reentry vehicles in the Pacific Ocean would have no significant environmental impact. This regulatory clearance paved the way for SpaceX to test the uncrewed discs for both military Cargo aircraft delivery and commercial in-space manufacturing returns.
The planned splashdown zone for the Starfall capsule is located approximately 700 nautical miles off the United States West Coast in the Pacific Ocean. SpaceX previously flew the first Starfall demonstration mission in June 2026 following the FAA approval.
The Rocket Cargo program operates as an AFRL Vanguard initiative. The Air Force Research Laboratory serves as the primary scientific research and development center for the Department of the Air Force, and Vanguard programs are specifically structured to rapidly advance emerging weapon systems and warfighting concepts through prototyping and experimentation. The primary objective of the Rocket Cargo effort is to determine the viability of using commercial space launch architecture to deliver materiel anywhere on the globe on tactical timelines.
Unlike smaller cargo delivery efforts, the initiative is designed to carry heavy payloads per launch. Potential applications identified by military planners include routine military resupply, expeditionary operations, disaster relief, and rapid responses to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards.
Future testing and operational readiness
The successful fit check of the UNI-PAC III life raft during the October 20 launch establishes a foundation for specialized mission profiles. Future tests are expected to involve dropping rescue kits directly to downed aircrew or stranded maritime personnel located far from established military bases.
Despite the successful launch, the Rocket Cargo program remains firmly in the research and development phase. AFRL and its commercial partners must complete extensive additional testing before establishing operational readiness. Future efforts will focus on evaluating system reliability, payload protection during extreme reentry heating, landing and recovery logistics, cost per flight, and overall mission repeatability.
Wickert noted the broader significance of the milestone for the research laboratory. “Any day you launch a rocket is a good day, but today was more than just another big rocket launch,” he said.
AirPro News analysis
The successful integration of AFRL cargo pods into the SpaceX Starfall capsule represents a material step toward operationalizing space-based logistics. For decades, the United States military has relied on traditional airlift platforms like the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III and Lockheed Martin C-130 Hercules for rapid global mobility. While highly capable, these aircraft require permissive airspace and established runway infrastructure, both of which are increasingly vulnerable in contested environments.
By leveraging commercial space launch architecture, we see the Department of the Air Force attempting to bypass traditional anti-access and area denial networks entirely. A point-to-point delivery system capable of moving 1,000 kilograms of critical supplies anywhere on Earth in under an hour fundamentally alters tactical logistics. The reliance on a commercial partner like SpaceX underscores a broader procurement shift. Rather than funding bespoke military launch vehicles, the defense establishment is adapting commercial systems to military requirements, significantly reducing development timelines and taxpayer risk.
Photo Credit: Air Force Research Laboratory
Defense & Military
Do228 NXT Gains ARGOS-15 EO/IR Gimbal in GA-ATS Partnership
GA-ATS and HENSOLDT South Africa integrate the AI-enabled ARGOS-15 gimbal onto the Do228 NXT for ISR missions.
General Atomics AeroTec Systems (GA-ATS) and HENSOLDT South Africa have partnered to integrate the ARGOS-15 electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) gimbal onto the Do228 NXT, expanding the aircraft’s intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities.
Announced in a press release on October 22, 2026, the collaboration pairs the short take-off and landing (STOL) performance of the modernized twin-turboprop with HENSOLDT’s artificial intelligence-powered, multi-spectral imaging system. The integration provides special mission operators with a new sensor configuration designed for maritime patrol, border surveillance, and search-and-rescue operations in austere environments.
Expanding special mission configurations
Mounted in front of the retractable main landing gear, the 15-inch ARGOS-15 gimbal provides the Do228 NXT with a 360-degree unobstructed view. The system features a single Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) design and incorporates multi-spectral sensors, including thermal, daylight, and short-wave infrared (SWIR) cameras.
HENSOLDT officially launched the ARGOS-15 at the Africa Aerospace and Defence Expo on September 19, 2024. The system utilizes artificial intelligence for object detection, classification, and tracking. It succeeds the ARGOS-II, which has been integrated onto 34 different platforms worldwide. HENSOLDT South Africa, which employs approximately 800 people across four sites and serves as the group’s largest industrial site outside of Germany, specializes in electronic warfare, optronics, radar, and spectrum management. The subsidiary developed the ARGOS-15 to support complex targeting and surveillance requirements.
The addition of the ARGOS-15 aligns with a broader strategy by GA-ATS to offer multiple pre-integrated sensor options for the Do228 NXT. In August 2026, the manufacturer announced a similar partnership with TRAKKA Systems to offer the TrakkaCam TC-375 as an integrated equipment option, allowing operators to select the sensor package that best fits their specific mission profiles.
Modernizing a proven STOL platform
The Do228 NXT is the next-generation iteration of the Dornier 228, a utility aircraft originally manufactured between 1981 and 1998. GA-ATS, a German subsidiary of United States-based General Atomics, acquired the rights to the aircraft in 2020. The company, based in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, holds the type certificate for the Do228 and provides maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) services for the aircraft and NH90 Helicopters.
The updated NXT program features a glass cockpit equipped with Universal Avionics displays, a digital autopilot, and Honeywell TPE331-10 engines. The aircraft is designed to operate from unpaved or short runways, maintaining a minimum patrol speed of 78 knots and a maximum speed of 260 knots for short ferry times. The platform can sustain a maximum patrol time of eight hours, making it suitable for extended surveillance missions.
GA-ATS officially rolled out the first Do228 NXT demonstrator aircraft on June 8, 2026, in Oberpfaffenhofen. The aircraft subsequently made its international debut at the Farnborough International Air shows in July 2026. The first production Do228 NXT is scheduled for delivery to an undisclosed humanitarian group launch customer in early 2027.
AirPro News analysis
The integration of advanced, AI-enabled sensors like the ARGOS-15 onto legacy-derived STOL airframes highlights a distinct trend in the special missions market. Operators are increasingly seeking cost-effective alternatives to larger, jet-powered maritime patrol aircraft. By offering multiple pre-integrated gimbal options from suppliers like HENSOLDT and TRAKKA Systems, we see GA-ATS positioning the Do228 NXT as a highly customizable, turnkey ISR platform. This modular approach lowers integration risks for operators and allows the aircraft to compete aggressively for border security and humanitarian contracts where infrastructure is limited but sensor requirements are stringent.
Photo Credit: General Atomics AeroTec Systems
-
Defense & Military6 days agoS&K Aerospace Wins $4.3B U.S. Air Force PROS 7 Contract
-
Business Aviation6 days agoEASA Validates HondaJet APMG-S Upgrade Package for Europe
-
Defense & Military6 days agoEDA Launches 8M Euro Phase Two Autonomous UAV Refueling Project
-
Newsletter4 days agoAirPro News Weekly: 12 October – 19 October 2026
-
Defense & Military7 days agoSaab Presents First GlobalEye AEW&C Aircraft for Sweden